绿原酸在肝微粒体和肠道菌群中的体外代谢研究

摘 要：目的 研究绿原酸在大鼠肝微粒体和肠道菌群中的代谢产物及代谢途径。方法 运用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法和大鼠离体粪便温孵法,采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS),色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm×100 mm),流动相为乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱系统,流速为0.35 mL/min,离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI),以负离子模式进行检测。采用Masslynx软件通过保留时间与一、二级质谱信息,进行成分分析。结果 大鼠肝微粒体温孵样品中有绿原酸原型成分和奎宁酸、咖啡酸2个代谢产物;粪便温孵样品中有绿原酸原型成分和奎宁酸、3-羟基苯丙酸、二氢咖啡酸、二氢阿魏酸、咖啡酸、O-甲基绿原酸6种代谢产物。结论 UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术鉴定绿原酸及其代谢产物,操作便捷高效,结果准确全面,绿原酸在体外代谢的主要途径为氢化、甲基化、水解、去羟基化等。     

正己烷提取-高效液相色谱法及其串联质谱法分别测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素A、D3含量

目的 建立了正己烷提取、液相色谱和液相色谱串联质谱分别测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素A(VA)和维生素D₃(VD₃)含量的方法。方法 样品中加入VD₃-d₃内标后皂化,正己烷提取,去离子水清洗正己烷提取液以去除提取液中的氢氧化钾,加入氯化钠促进水和正己烷两相分层,将洗至中性的正己烷提取液浓缩至干,甲醇定容至10 mL,取1 mL溶液用液相色谱法测定VA,剩余的9 mL定溶液浓缩至干后再用1 mL甲醇复容,液相色谱串联质谱测定VD₃。结果 VA的线性范围为0.2～6.0 μg/mL,方法检出限为30 μg/100g,方法定量限为100 μg/100g;VD₃的线性范围为0.01～0.20 μg/mL,方法检出限为0.5 μg/100g,方法定量限为1.0 μg/100g。通过质控样品验证方法准确度和精密度,测定值均在质控区间内,且批内相对标准偏差和批间相对标准偏差均小于5%。使用该方法成功通过了2020年婴幼儿配方奶粉中VA、VD₃样品能力验证考核。结论 该方法所用提取试剂少,且操作简单快捷,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中VA和VD₃的测定。     

碱处理结合盐辅助分散液液微萃取GC-MS/MS检测即食鱼制品中7种N-亚硝胺

为提高N-亚硝胺的相关检测效率,建立了碱处理结合盐辅助分散液液微萃取(SADLLME)气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测即食鱼制品中7种N-亚硝胺的新方法.样品经氢氧化钡溶液热处理,转移目标物至水溶液中,在辅助盐硫酸钠近饱和条件下,以二氯甲烷为萃取剂进行SADLLME,应用GC-MS/MS进行检测.方法检出限为0.10～0.19μg/kg,定量限为0.28～0.56μg/kg;加标水平为1、5、10μg/kg时,加标回收率为79.19％ ～117.40％,相对标准偏差为1.06％ ～10.30％.结果表明:此方法灵敏、可靠,选择性好,样品前处理简单,能够满足相关食品中N-亚硝胺检测的需要.     

基于MALDI-TOF MS技术快速检测产呕吐毒素蜡样芽胞杆菌

该研究探讨了基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪快速鉴别产呕吐毒素蜡样芽胞杆菌的方法。通过对标准品进行分析,重新对特征峰进行定位并测定其灵敏度,并用正交试验分析不同培养条件下检验结果的差异,用优化后的培养条件对49株野生蜡样芽胞杆菌及3株标准菌株进行特异性检验。研究表明,MALDI-TOF MS可检测到产呕吐毒素蜡样芽胞杆菌中呕吐毒素相应m/z值为1 175的[M+Na]+和m/z值为1 191的[M+K]+加合物特征峰,具有较高的灵敏度（0.01 μg/mL）,经极差分析显示,选用MYP培养基30 ℃培养12 h后的菌落能获得最稳定、响应值高（>104）的检验结果;方法应用验证表明,49株野生菌株中2株含ces基因的蜡样芽胞杆菌均检出,其余未含有ces基因的菌株均未检出。该研究建立的MALDI-TOF MS检测方法能直接快速准确检出产呕吐毒素蜡样芽胞杆菌,该方法检测特异性强（100%）,灵敏度高（0.01 μg/mL）,对于食品安全事故快速精准分析研判有重要的意义。     

Characterisation of phenolic phytochemicals and quality changes related to the harvest times from the leaves of Korean purple perilla (Perilla frutescens)

The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of phenolic phytochemicals in the leaves of Korean purple perilla (cv. Bora, Perilla fructescens) using reversed-phase C₁₈ column chromatography and HPLC with DAD-ESI/MS analysis. Changes in their contents were also the first reported through eight different harvest times during two months. They were characterised as five anthocyanins and three phenolic acids including cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (1), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (2), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl)glucoside-5-O-glucoside (3), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside-5-O-glucoside (4), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside (5), caffeic acid (6), rosmarinic acid (7), and rosmarinic acid methylester (8). Significant differences were observed between individual and total phytochemical contents, especially, cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside-5-O-glucoside (4) and rosmarinic acid (7) exhibited the predominant constituents. Among different harvest times, the highest content was found with 82.473 mg/g on 21st September, while the lowest was 39.000 mg/g on 17th August. These results may be useful in determining the optimal harvest time at which phenolic phytochemicals reaches a maximum level in mid-September.     

Ochratoxin A in wines,musts and grape juices from Spain

A survey on the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in 240 grape‐based beverages was carried out. Red and white wines from four different Spanish Designations of Origin (n = 160), musts (n = 20), grape juices (n = 10), ordinary wines (n = 20), special wines (Malaga, muscatel, sherry, vermouth, etc) (n = 20) and sparkling wines (n = 10) were assayed for OTA content using immunoaffinity column clean‐up and high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (detection limit 0.05 µg l^?1). Forty‐three (17.9%) of the samples tested contained detectable levels of OTA. The overall mean OTA concentration in red and white wines of Designations of Origin was 0.30 and 0.18 µg l^?1 respectively (ranges 0.05–3.19 and 0.05–1.13 µg l^?1 respectively). The percentage of wine samples with detectable amounts of OTA was higher for red (18.3%) than for white (10%) wines. OTA was also found in two of 10 red ordinary wines (0.68 and 4.24 µg l^?1), whereas none of 10 white ordinary wines contained OTA. The mean OTA amount detected in sparkling wines was 0.44 µg l^?1 (range 0.14–0.71 µg l^?1). Two of 20 must samples contained OTA at low levels (0.08 and 0.18 µg l^?1), while none of 10 grape juice samples contained OTA. Highest amounts of OTA were found in special wines (45%), with a maximum of 15.25 µg l^?1 in a muscatel sample. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Validation of a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five sunscreens in lotion preparation

The aim of this research was to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of five sunscreens, namely benzophenone-3 (B-3), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), octyl methoxycinnamate (OM), octyl salicylate (OS) and homosalate (HS). The separation and quantitative determination was made by HPLC at 40 +/-1 degrees C with a gradient elution from 10% to 100% mobile phase B in mobile phase A. The gradient liquid chromatographic system constituted of mobile phase A [acetonitrile : water (10 : 90 v/v)] and mobile phase B [acetonitrile : water (90 : 10 v/v)], at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and ultraviolet detection at 310 nm. The separation was obtained with two Waters reversed phase columns: Novapack C-18 and Symmetry((R)) C-18 connected in series. All sunscreens were efficiently separated within 17 min. The coefficient of correlation and average recovery for B-3, BM, OM, OS and HS were 0.9798 and 98.5%, 0.9672 and 98.8%, 0.9922 and 99.1%, 0.9961 and 98.9% and 0.9909 and 99.4% respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained were between 1.07% and 2.44%. The excipients did not interfere in the analysis. The results showed that the proposed method could be used for rapid and simultaneous determination of B-3, BM, OM, OS and HS in sunscreen lotions with precision, accuracy and specificity.     

Chemical analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines: the results of two European projects compared

 This report describes two studies which compared the results of the analyses of four heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs): 2-amino-3-methylinidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ); 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx); 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), first as pure methanolic solutions and, in a second step, in a food matrice (beef extract) spiked with known amounts of these four HAAs. Details are given for the preparation of the methanolic solutions of the four HAAs and for the homogeneity and stability studies. The results of different statistical treatments revealed no significant heterogeneity within or between ampoules. The results of the stability studies clearly indicated that, except for PhIP, no effect of storage period (up to 6 months) or storage temperature (up to 25  °C), existed for the five HAAs methanolic solutions. Each of the eight European participating laboratories, which has leading experience in the analysis of HAAs, received sealed ampoules containing the pure reference solutions of the four HAAs together with a mixture of unknown identity and concentration. For the analysis of the unknwon sample, participants followed, a common work programme, but used different columns, solvent gradients and detection systems (UV, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and electrochemical detection. The analysis of the results of this first comparison revealed a good correlation between the results provided by the participants and high precision regarding the target values, independent of the experimental conditions used. For the second comparison, a common batch of commercial beef extract was prepared and spiked with known amounts of the four HAAs. The long-term stability study at –18  °C, 4  °C, 25  °C, 40  °C and 60  °C revealed high stability of these four HAAs, during up to 6 months of storage. At 40  °C and 60  °C, however, a significant loss was observed, in particular for PhIP. On the other hand, the 1-year stability study revealed that the HAAs content did not change when beef extract was stored at –18  °C. Details of these homogeneity and stability studies are provided. The sealed ampoules containing beef extract, together with the reference methanolic solutions were sent to the participants in refrigerated container. The eight European laboratories, which participated in the first comparision, adopted the work programme of this exercise. They generally followed a previously agreed upon solid-phase extraction procedure, very similar to that described by Gross [8], with analysis by HPLC. Column conditions, solvent elution and detection by UV, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and electrochemical detection varied between laboratories. The objectives of this second phase of the project were to compare and improve usual routine laboratory methods for the determination of IQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP in the range of 1–30 ng/g, in a commercial beef extract. The comparision of the results revealed, however, large variations, not only beween but also within laboratories. Major difficulties were encountered by the participants, mainly for the determination of PhIP. Acceptable recovery levels were agreed between participants and different sources of variability in the extraction procedures were identified. In conclusion, whereas the analytical determination of HAAs in beef extract appeared to be satisfactory, the procedures of isolation and purification require further improvement. Received: 23 April 1998     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定食糖中18种邻苯二甲酸酯

研究建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定食糖中18种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。食糖样品经甲醇超声提取,浓缩后正己烷复溶,采用气相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,18种邻苯二甲酸酯在0.01~0.2 mg/L范围内线性良好(r²>0.997),检出限为0.0003~0.0029 mg/kg。分别在样品中添加0.02、0.05、0.1 mg/kg的18种邻苯二甲酸酯标准溶液,回收率为82.4%~104.3%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~5.6%(n=6)。此方法可快速、准确测定食糖中18种邻苯二甲酸酯。     

液相色谱质谱联用测定多种兽药残留方法中标准品稳定性的挑战（网络首发、推荐阅读）

采用等时测量法对可用于食品和饲料链中兽药检测的标准品混合溶液和中间混合液进行了短期和长期稳定性研究。其中短期稳定性实验考察了混合标准曲线在–20（作为基线）、4和23 ℃（避光和不避光保存）条件下存储1、2、4和7 d的稳定性,而长期稳定性实验考察了中间混合液在–20、4、23 ℃（避光和不避光保存）和–80 ℃储存条件下2、4、8和12周的稳定性。结果表明,使用不含酸溶剂配制的混合标准曲线在4 ℃下建议储存1~2 d,中性储存条件即使在室温也可短期储存1~2 d。对于含有ß-内酰胺和头孢菌素类标准品的中间混合液在4 ℃和室温下储存超过1个月会损失近90%。对于含有青霉素V和G的混和标准品中间储备液,在–20 ℃不含酸的条件下可储存2周。其他类别的兽药标准品对长期储存条件要求较少。整体而言,兽药标准品中间混合液长期储存的最佳储存条件为–20 ℃。