Surface characterisation of DC plasma electrolytic oxidation treated 6082 aluminium alloy: Effect of current density and electrolyte concentration

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a specialised but well-developed process which has found applications in aerospace, oil/gas, textile, chemical, electrical and biomedical sectors. A novel range of coatings having technologically attractive physical and chemical properties (e.g. wear- and corrosion-resistance) can be produced by suitable control of the electrolyte as well as electrical parameters of the PEO process. Oxide ceramic films, 3 to 40 μm thick, were produced on 6082 aluminium alloy by DC PEO using 5 to 20 A/dm² current density in KOH electrolyte with varied concentration (0.5 to 2.0 g/l). Phase analysis (composition and crystallite size) was carried out using X-ray diffraction and TEM techniques. Residual stresses associated with the crystalline coating phase (α-Al₂O₃) were evaluated using the X-ray diffraction Sin²ψ method. Nanoindentation studies were conducted to evaluate the hardness and elastic modulus. SEM, SPM and TEM techniques were utilised to study surface as well as cross-sectional morphology and nano features of the PEO coatings. Correlations between internal stress and coating thickness, surface morphology and phase composition are discussed. It was found that, depending on the current density and electrolyte concentration used, internal direct and shear stresses in DC PEO alumina coatings ranged from − 302 ± 19 MPa to − 714 ± 22 MPa and − 25 ± 12 MPa to − 345 ± 27 MPa, respectively. Regimes of PEO treatment favourable for the production of thicker coatings with minimal stress level, dense morphology and relatively high content of α-Al₂O₃ phase are identified.     

A preliminary coupled MT-GA model for the prediction of highway runoff quality

Pollutants accumulated on road pavement during dry periods are washed off the surface with runoff water during rainfall events, presenting a potentially hazardous non-point source of pollution. Estimation of pollutant loads in these runoff waters is required for developing mitigation and management strategies, yet the numerous factors involved and their complex interconnected influences make straightforward assessment impossible. Data-driven models (DDMs) have lately been used in water and environmental research and have shown very good prediction ability. The proposed methodology of a coupled MT-GA (model tree-genetic algorithm) model provides an effective, accurate and easily calibrated predictive model for EMC (event mean concentration) of highway runoff pollutants. The models were trained and verified using a comprehensive data set of runoff events monitored in various highways in California, USA. EMCs of Cr, Pb, Zn, TOC and TSS were modeled, using different combinations of explanatory variables. The models' prediction ability in terms of correlation between predicted and actual values of both training and verification data was mostly higher than previously reported values. Sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the relative significance of each explanatory variable and the models' response to changes in input values.     

基于PLC的含沙量多量程在线监测系统

基于PLC的含沙量多量程在线检测系统采用光电检测技术和电容式差压检测技术两种方法,分高、低含沙量进行综合检测,将多种数据进行融合处理.对其工作原理、PLC电路设计及组态监控系统设计进行了分析,试验结果表明:含沙量60 kg/m3以下时,系统采用光电法进行检测,超出60 kg/m3时,系统采用电容差压法进行检测；系统对含沙量的检测精度高,稳定性强,克服了环境因素的影响,弥补了单一方法检测的局限性.     

弹性约束半空间内浅埋圆孔对SH波的散射

利用复变函数法和多极坐标移动技术求解讨论弹性约束边界半空间内浅埋圆孔对稳态入射平面SH(shearing horizontal,反平面剪切)波的散射问题.为了克服直接构造波函数场的困难,采用一个半径很大的圆孔边界来拟合半空间的直边界,因而原来问题即转化为无限大空间内大圆孔和小圆孔对入射平面SH波的散射问题.文中具体讨论小圆孔边界处的动应力集中系数随无量纲波数、入射波入射角的变化情况,算例结果表明文中处理方法是合理的.     

Fabrication of Graded Porous and Skin-Core Structure RDX-Based Propellants via Supercritical CO2 Concentration Profile

A fabrication process to produce graded porous and skin-core structure propellants via supercritical CO₂ concentration profile is reported in this article. It utilizes a partial gas saturation technique to obtain nonequilibrium gas concentration profiles in propellants. Once foamed, the propellant obtains a graded porous or skin-pore structure. This fabrication method was studied with RDX(Hexogen)-based propellant under an SC-CO₂ saturation condition. The principle was analyzed and the one-dimensional diffusion model was employed to estimate the gas diffusion coefficient and to predict the gas concentration profiles inside the propellant. Scanning electron microscopy images were used to analyze the effects of partial saturation on the inner structure. The results also suggested that the sorption time and desorption time played an important role in gas profile generation and controlled the inner structure of propellants.     

界面可移动圆柱形刚性夹杂对SH波散射及动应力集中

利用Green函数方法求解界面可移动圆柱形刚性夹杂对SH波的散射问题。首先给出了带有半圆柱形刚性夹杂的弹性半空间水平上任一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时的位移解。其次，将此移解答为Green函数，推导界面可移动圆柱形刚性夹杂对SH波散射问题定解积分方程。最后，给出不同介质参数对界面可移动圆柱形刚性夹杂的动应力集中系数的影响。     

Foam concentration measurement techniques

Three types of foam concentration measurement techniques are examined: total fluorine content, optical absorption, and specific conductivity. Specific conductivity was found to be the most useful for field measurements and was therefore compared with the traditional refractive index approach. It was found that electrical conductance provides a more accurate method of estimating the concentration of AFFF solution than does the refractive index technique described in NFPA 11.     

Antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum: Toxicity,biochemical and histological studies

Elettaria cardamomum is one of the most broadly used spices in Moroccan gastronomy. Its antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species was demonstrated. Likewise, its toxicity was investigated on Swiss albinos mice. Daily, mice were treated orally with 0.003 and 0.3 mg during 7 days. Plasmatic markers and antioxidant defence systems were assessed and histological alterations were evaluated. A significant increase in creatine phosphokinase level was observed. The microscopic evaluation shows that E. cardamomum induce morphological perturbation in mice’s heart. The results show also an inhibitory effect of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an important increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, succinate dehydrogenase and catalase activities. Results show that E. cardamomum induces toxicity at 0.3 mg/g mouse and affect energy metabolism and oxidative stress.     

抽油杆扳手方缺陷应力集中系数和容限

针对抽油杆扳手方部位经常出现引发断裂的各种缺陷的情况，建立了横向凹槽、平面凹坑和边棱凹坑三组有代表性的缺陷模型，利用平面模型有限元法计算结果及受拉伸无限体和半无限体旋转椭球面空洞和凹坑应力集中系数，求得近、远边界影响修正系数以及三组不同缺陷模型应力集中系数近似表达式。用三维趋势面图描述了这些应力集中系数的变化规律，求得各组缺陷容限方程，绘制了典型的容限图，为带缺陷抽油杆的修复使用和判废提供了理论依据。