高速远程滑坡动力学研究进展

高速远程滑坡动力学机理研究一直是国际地质灾害领域长期关注的热点与前沿性科学。通过对已有研究成果的系统性梳理,对高速远程滑坡动力学研究现状进行了概略性述评,厘定了本文所讨论的高速远程滑坡的定义,阐述了高速远程滑坡的典型沉积学特征,并对国内外学者提出的最有影响、最有地质证据支持的高速滑坡远程运动机理——摩擦生热减阻、滑带液化减阻、动力破碎减阻、底部裹挟减阻、剪切振动减阻、动量传递远程进行了论述。在此基础上,分析与讨论了高速远程滑坡动力学研究的发展趋势,提出今后研究所面临的深层次科学问题,并提出未来应进一步重点研究的关键科学问题在于速率相依摩阻弱化机理、破碎渐进相变耗能机理、过程相依波动减阻机理等。     

中哈俄阿尔泰稀有金属矿床时空分布、成因及成矿规律

中哈俄阿尔泰发育许多大型—超大型稀有金属矿床,是世界著名的稀有金属成矿省。该成矿省可分为3个稀有金属成矿带,自西南向东北依次为哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym、中国阿尔泰和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰等。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,但伟晶岩与花岗岩关系及其伟晶岩成因不一致:在哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带,矿区发育同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的产物; 而在中国阿尔泰成矿带,矿区未见同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩成因有变质深熔和岩浆分异结晶两种不同认识。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床的成矿规律也有差异:在成矿时代上,自西南向东北,矿床形成分别集中在二叠纪、三叠纪和晚三叠世—早侏罗世,成矿时代逐渐变新; 在成矿类型和元素组合上,哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和中国阿尔泰成矿带的稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,元素组合分别为Ta-Nb-Be-Li和Be-Li-Nb-Ta(-Cs-Rb-Hf),俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带稀有金属矿床则以云英岩型钼钨(铍)矿床为主,有少量的伟晶岩型锂钽矿床。     

浙江遂昌金多金属矿床热液蚀变短波红外光谱分析

被誉为“江南第一金矿”的遂昌金多金属矿床(简称“遂昌金矿”)可采储量逐渐枯竭,随着找矿的深入,亟需新的找矿思路或技术手段来取得找矿突破。遂昌金矿区发育明显的热液蚀变,根据热液蚀变来指导找矿是一种可行的思路。利用短波红外光谱分析技术来解剖蚀变晕的矿物组成、组合、参数等信息,进而评估与成矿有关的关键信息。通过对地表蚀变岩、穿切金矿体的井下巷道及现存的穿切金矿体的一个钻孔和穿切钼矿体的两个钻孔进行采样和测试分析,提取出绢云母类、绿泥石类、高岭石类、蒙脱石类和碳酸盐类等蚀变矿物,其中绢云母类矿物最为发育,绿泥石类次之。结果表明:绢云母类矿物和绿泥石的短波红外光谱特征在空间上呈现规律性的变化。绢云母Al—OH吸收峰位(Pos2200)越小、吸收峰深度越深时,伊利石结晶度越高; 同时,越靠近矿体伊利石结晶度越大,Al—OH吸收峰位(Pos2200)越小,绿泥石Fe—OH吸收峰位(Pos2250)越大。这一规律表明短波红外光谱分析有助于查明矿床蚀变分带,为遂昌金矿的进一步找矿勘查提供科学依据,同时短波红外技术可以作为覆盖区同类型矿床的一种勘查手段。     

粤北下庄矿田仙石铀矿床沥青铀矿电子探针化学年龄及其地质意义

华南晚中生代以来多期铀成矿与岩石圈伸展事件基本对应,高精度的铀成矿年代学测定有利于进一步明确两者的关系。下庄矿田以发育众多与辉绿岩脉有关的“交点型”热液铀矿床为特色,是华南代表性铀矿田之一。选择下庄矿田仙石铀矿床这一典型的“交点型”铀矿床为研究对象,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对铀矿化特征进行了详细的岩相学观察,并采用电子探针分析计算了沥青铀矿U-Th-^totalPb化学年龄。结果表明:仙石铀矿床铀矿化与碳酸盐脉共生,可分为角砾状、脉状两期矿化; 沥青铀矿主要化学组成为UO₂、PbO、CaO、SiO₂、Na₂O、Al₂O₃,且SiO₂与PbO含量、Na₂O与PbO含量、Na₂O与Al₂O₃含量、Na₂O与CaO含量、PbO与Al₂O₃含量、PbO与CaO含量、Al₂O₃与CaO含量之间相关系数都小于0.5,反映了沥青铀矿形成之后受改造作用弱,铀矿物U-Th-^totalPb体系相对封闭; 采用电子探针U-Th-^totalPb化学定年法计算,矿化年龄可分为两组,加权平均年龄分别为(123.3±4.5)和(84.1±3.2)Ma,分别对应于角砾状、脉状两期铀矿化。综合前人定年结果,认为仙石铀矿床主要铀成矿作用与华南岩石圈伸展事件具有较好对应关系。下庄矿田乃至华南地区的主要铀成矿作用可能与古太平洋板块俯冲的地球动力学背景有关。     

Microstructure and properties of vacuum counter-pressure cast aluminum alloy

As a special casting process, counter-gravity casting has many advantages especially in producing thin-wall complicated castings and has widely been used in industry [1]. In recent ten years, various different counter-gravity casting processes have been continuously developed such as vacuum suction casting, low-pressure casting and counter-pressure casting [2-4] et al. Vacuum counter- pressure casting is a new kind of counter-gravity casting technology that was developed in recent years. It ha…     

Microstructure and properties of Mg-Al binary alloys

O ver the past decade, the large-scale development and application of magnesium alloys have been greatly stimulated by the demand for lightweight and environment- friendly materials in the automotive industry [1-4]. Most commercial casting magnesium alloys are mainly Mg-Al alloys, such as AZ91D, AM60B, AM50A, AE42, and AS21 alloys. Since AZ91D, AM60B and AM50A alloys contain relatively high Al content they offer a good combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and ca…     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DENSITY UNIFORMITY OF PRESSED PARTS BY LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPACTION

1.IntroductionElectromagnetic compaction is a kind of high-energy and high-speed forming method. Magnetic forces have been used for more than two decades in powder compaction[1,2]. Powder Electromagnetic compaction refers to a new efficient forming technology, which uses the strong pulse electromagnetic power to compact powder to pressed density. The corresponding principle is as follows: by dint of magnetism pulse equipments, capacitor groups discharge electricity to generate the pulse m…     

《航空高压直流供电系统中三相Vienna 整流器的控制策略研究》之一——基于新型开关表的Vienna 整流器直接电流控制策略

针对三相Vienna整流器中电压矢量选择少,不能同时满足交流电流和中点电位调节需求的问题,提出了一种优先调节交流电流,兼顾调节中点电位的新型开关表设计方法。首先,分析并确定了每个电流扇区的8个电压矢量对交流电流的dq分量(id、iq)、上下电容电压差的影响;然后,根据上述分析结论,在开关表的设计中,利用对交流电流影响相同,对中点电位影响相反的一对冗余小矢量代替了传统开关表中对应调节目标的电压矢量,在保持交流电流调节能力的前提下提高了中点电位的调节能力;最后借助仿真和实验平台验证了该新型开关表的有效性,结果表明设计的新型开关表具有良好的交流电流和中点电位调节能力。     

Theories and calculation methods for regional objective ET (evapotranspiration): Applications

The regional objective ET (evapotranspiration) is defined as the quantity of water that could be consumed in a particular region. It varies with the water conditions and economic development stages in the region. It is also constrained by the requirement of benign environment cycle. At the same time, it must meet the demands of sustainable economic growth and the construction of harmony society. Objective ET based water resources distribution will replace the conventional method, which emphasizes the balance between the water demand and the water supply. It puts focus on the reasonable water consumption instead of the forecasted water demand, which is usually greater than the actual one. In this paper, we calculated the objective ET of 2010 year level in Tianjin by an analysis-integration-assessment method. Objective ET can be classified into two parts: controllable ET and uncontrollable ET. Controllable ET includes the ET from irrigation land and the ET from resident land, among which the former can be calculated with soil moisture model and evapotranspiration model, while the latter can be calculated by water use ration and water consumption rate. The uncontrollable ET can be calculated with the distributed hydrological model and the remote sensing monitoring model. The two models can be mutually calibrated. In this paper, eight schemes are put forward based on different portfolios of water resources. The objective ET of each scheme was calculated and the results were assessed and analyzed. Finally, an optimal scheme was recommended. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Project) (Grant No. 2006CB403401) and the National Science Fundation of China (Grant No. 50721006)     

Thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of nuclear austenitic stainless steel

Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester was employed in the hot-compression investigation of as-cast nuclear 304 austenitic stainless steel under conditions: deformation temperature 950―1200℃; deformations 30% and 50%; deformation rates 0.01 and 0.1 s?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with temperature rise under the same strain rate and deformation, that the flow stress increases with deformation under the same temperature and strain rate, and that the flow stress increases with strain rate...