Densification and anticorrosion performances of vacuum evaporated aluminium coatings on NdFeB magnets

Al coated NdFeB magnets obtained by vacuum evaporation technique were densified by high energy ball milling method.The surface morphology,metal composition and micro structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The anticorrosive properties were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and neutral salt spray test.The pores in the Al coatings of columnar crystals(Al) induced by the evaporation technique,were apparently filled in the following ball milling process,leading to the densification of Al coatings and the evident improvement of the anticorrosive performances.When treated with ball milling for 30 min,the sample achieves the best anticorrosive performances with the self-corrosion potential of-0.87 V,self-corrosion current density of 1.65 μA/cm~2 and the neutral salt spray(NSS) time of 144 h(red rust).The improvement of the anticorro sive performances of vacuum evaporated Al coating mainly lies in the densification effect of the coating,which depends on different loading conditions of ball milling process.     

烧结钕铁硼磁体表面CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的制备及其耐蚀性能

采用浸涂方式在烧结钕铁硼磁体表面制备CeO2/硅烷复合涂层,研究了硅烷水溶液中纳米CeO2颗粒掺杂量对复合涂层性能的影响,通过扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、动电位极化曲线及中性盐雾试验对所制备的CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的形貌、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明:纳米CeO2颗粒的添加增强了涂层的硬度,提高了硅烷涂层的屏蔽性能,延长了腐蚀溶液渗入硅烷涂层的腐蚀通道,复合涂层耐中性盐雾试验能力可达24 h。但由于纳米颗粒只是机械的镶嵌到复合涂层中,不会改变硅烷涂层在固化过程中醇基之间脱水缩合反应的本质,在NaCl溶液中,复合涂层依然会形成高低不同的交联密度区,CeO2/硅烷复合涂层失效的主要原因依然是在交联密度低的区域首先水解溶解导致的。     

钕铁硼化学镀防护及在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

采用化学镀方法在钕铁硼表面分别制备Ni-P合金镀层、Ni-Mo-P合金镀层、Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层和Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层,并研究了不同化学镀层在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:Ni-P合金镀层、Ni-Mo-P合金镀层、Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层和Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层都完整覆盖钕铁硼表面,它们的粗糙度差别不大,在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀失重都低于钕铁硼的腐蚀失重,容抗弧半径增大且电荷转移电阻有不同程度的提高。与Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-Mo-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层和Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层具有优良的耐腐蚀性能,原因在于PTFE颗粒较均匀的沉积在镀层表面增加一道屏蔽层,也起到阻碍腐蚀介质渗透腐蚀的作用。尤其是Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层,其表面更致密,PTFE颗粒沉积更均匀,能更有效延缓腐蚀介质与钕铁硼接触,显著提高钕铁硼在模拟海洋大气环境中的耐腐蚀性能。     

NdFeB磁性材料表面化学镀Ni-W-P合金研究

通过不同的化学镀工艺配方,在NdFeB永磁体表面获得4种不同W含量的化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金镀层。利用SEM对镀层的微观组织观察与分析表明:镀层表面形貌呈致密胞状结构,Ni、W、P元素分布均匀。进一步的衍射分析和硬度测试表明:随镀层中W和P元素含量的不同,镀层结构分别由纳米晶态、混晶态和非晶态组成,镀层的硬度随镀层结构从非晶态-混晶态-晶态的转变而增加。     

室温磁制冷机永磁磁场的设计

根据室温磁制冷机用永磁磁场的特点,用磁库仑定律法推导出一套永磁磁路计算公式,该公式可计算各种室温磁制冷机用永磁磁路的磁感应强度(B),计算值与实际测量值符合得较好.采用聚磁技术设计了磁制冷用的大于1.8 T的永磁磁场,并根据往复式和旋转式磁制冷机的特点,设计了室温磁制冷机用的几种永磁磁场.     

High-efficiency simultaneous extraction of rare earth elements and iron from NdFeB waste by oxalic acid leaching

Iron can not be recovered at high value because only rare earth elements are effectively recovered from NdFeB waste via oxidation roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching process.In this study,a new method for leaching NdFeB waste with oxalic acid was developed.The high-efficiency,simultaneous and high-value recovery of rare earth elements and iron was realized to simplify the process and improve the economic benefit.Results of the oxalic acid leaching experiments show that under the optimum leaching conditions at 90℃ for 6 h in the aqueous solution of oxalic acid(2 mol/L) with a liquid-solid ratio of60 mL/g,the iron leaching efficiency and precipitation rate of rare earth oxalate reach 93.89% and 93.17%,respectively.Rare earth oxalate and Fe(C₂O₄)3^3- were left in the residue and the leaching solution,respectively.The leaching mechanism was further analyzed by characterising the leach residues obtained through X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Results of the leaching kinetics study indicate that the process of oxalic acid leaching follows the shrinking nucleus model,and the leaching kinetics model is controlled by the mixed factors of diffusion and chemical reaction.The leaching residue was calcined at 850℃ for 3 h and then decomposed into rare earth oxide,which can be directly used to prepare rare earth alloy via molten salt electrolysis.For the leaching solution,ferric oxalate solution was reduced using Fe powder to prepare the ferrous oxalate(FeC₂O₄-2H₂O).     

钕铁硼在CuCl-EMIC离子液体中 电沉积铜层的研究

目的 开发一种新型的环保型钕铁硼表面镀铜技术。方法 采用CuCl-EMIC离子液体,对钕铁硼基体进行阳极活化前处理,在其表面电沉积铜。通过电化学工作站测试CuCl-EMIC离子液体的循环伏安曲线和镀铜样品的动电位极化曲线,运用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和X射线粉末衍射仪,考察钕铁硼基体和铜镀层的微观形貌、成分组成和相结构,利用粗糙度仪和拉拔试验仪检测钕铁硼表面的粗糙度和其上铜镀层的结合力。结果 物质的量之比为2∶3~3∶2的CuCl-EMIC离子液体在室温下熔融,可在其中电沉积得到晶态铜。物质的量之比为1的CuCl-EMIC离子液体有更大的还原峰值电流密度。钕铁硼基体经过20~ 30 mA/cm2的电流密度阳极活化后,表面变得平整,孔洞减少,活化后钕铁硼表面的铜镀层均匀致密,结合力达9.2 MPa以上。钕铁硼表面铜镀层的孔隙率随着镀层厚度的增加而减小,当厚度为6 μm时,镀铜试样的腐蚀电位与纯铜相近,孔隙率为0.005 23%。结论 采用物质的量之比为1的CuCl-EMIC离子液体,可以通过阳极活化得到平整、孔洞少和无氧化膜的钕铁硼基体表面,在其上电沉积可得到致密均匀且结合力好的薄铜层。     

Zn基钎料钎焊烧结NdFeB与DP1180钢接头微观组织及性能

采用Zn-5Sn-2Cu-1.5Bi(ZSCB)钎料实现了烧结NdFeB永磁材料(NdFeB)与DP1180钢的钎焊连接。在惰性气氛控制的高频感应炉中进行钎焊,采用OM、SEM、EDS、微区XRD和NIM-2000H磁性测试仪等手段分析了接头界面的微观组织结构、NdFeB的磁性能和接头剪切强度。结果表明,NdFeB与ZSCB钎料形成Nd-Fe-Zn和Fe-Zn冶金结合,FeZn13和Fe3Zn10相在DP1180钢侧的界面处形成。焊接温度对NdFeB的磁性能影响较小。与传统方法的粘接相比,接头的剪切强度从32.50MPa提高到44.00MPa,提高了35.38%。由于NdFeB和ZSCB钎料之间的热膨胀系数差异很大,在接近NdFeB的反应层处产生较高的残余应力,导致接头从NdFeB界面处断裂。     

NdFeB系纳米晶双相稀土永磁材料研究进展

综述了近几年各国学者在NdFeB系纳米晶双相稀土永磁材料方面的研究进展,重点分析了掺杂元素和处理工艺对永磁材料各方面性能的影响,指出了几种可以有效改善永磁材料综合性能的方法.     

溅射功率对NdFeB薄膜形貌的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备出厚度约400nm的NdFeB薄膜,使用不同的溅射功率,利用扫描电镜分析不同溅射功率对薄膜微观组织的影响,并采用真空退火使之晶化,使用XRD衍射仪、扫描电镜分析晶化情况及组织变化,以期得到最佳的制备工艺.通过对30,50,100 W三组样品进行对比,得出以下结论:在30W功率下溅射,...