中频炉烧结钍钨坯条技术研究

为了解决中频炉烧结钍钨坯条密度偏低的问题，对中频炉进行了炉底、炉体、顶盖技术改造，改造后提高了工装的隔热效果，使中频炉耐热温度由2 300 ℃提高到2 800 ℃，然后进行钍钨坯条的烧结，研究了中频烧结钍钨坯条的工艺参数，结果表明：2 300 ℃烧结密度只有16.94 g?cm-3，提高烧结温度到2 800 ℃此时接近氧化钍的熔点（3 220 ℃），烧结后密度提升较大达到18.70 g?cm-3，达到后续加工要求，2 800 ℃烧结延长高温烧结时间和增加保温平台的方式对钍钨坯条的烧结密度影响不大。     

小方坯高拉速结晶器铜管温度的测量

阐明了小方坯结晶器铜管温度测量试验的方法与过程,通过在铜管内弧、外弧和侧面不同位置埋设的32支热电偶,对浇铸150 mm×150 mm过程中铜管温度进行在线检测,记录了不同工况下铜管温度随浇注时间的变化关系,分析了各种工艺参数对结晶器铜管温度分布的影响。结果表明,生产过程中结晶器铜管温度场是不稳定的,各点温度都在做非周期性、无规律的起伏变动;拉速越快,铜管四面的温度不均匀倾向越大;梅花型铜管各处温度要高于普通铜管,证明其换热效率更高,更适合高拉速的生产。     

2号连铸机矩形坯断面改造与生产实践

福建罗源闽光根据三钢（集团）发展规划需要,在2号连铸机150 mm×150 mm断面的基础之上,增加160 mm×230 mm矩形坯断面。通过设备改造和工艺参数优化,在满足铸坯质量的前提下,达到炉机匹配与快速切换断面的双目标,满足了生产要求。     

Hot cracking tendency test and simulation of 7075 semi-solid aluminium alloy

The hot cracking tendency of 7075 semi-solid alloy under different conditions was studied by critical diameter method. The experiment and simulation results show that the dendrite arms of the rod grow from the edge to the center. The smaller the diameter of the rod is, the more obvious the directional growth of dendrite is, and the greater the tendency of hot cracking is. Compared with ordinary melt, for semi-solid slurry, increasing mould temperature or decreasing pouring temperature can significantly decrease hot cracking tendency of 7075 alloy, decreasing hot cracking grade from 256 to 100 mm². Furthermore, based on the RDG criterion, the effects of solidification conditions on the hot cracking tendency were discussed combined with simulation. At the same time, the application and development of RDG criterion were also researched.     

High temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of wrought nickel-based superalloy GH4037 in solid and semi-solid states

Cylindrical samples of Ni-based GH4037 alloy were compressed at solid temperatures (1200, 1250 and 1300 °C) and semi-solid temperatures (1340, 1350, 1360, 1370 and 1380 °C) with different strain rates of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 s⁻¹. High temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH4037 alloy were investigated. The results indicated that flow stress decreased rapidly at semi-solid temperatures compared to that at solid temperatures. Besides, the flow stress continued to increase after reaching the initial peak stress at semi-solid temperatures when the strain rate was 1 s⁻¹. With increasing the deformation temperature, the size of initial solid grains and recrystallized grains increased. At semi-solid temperatures, the grains were equiaxed, and liquid phase existed at the grain boundaries and inside the grains. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) characterized by grain boundary bulging was the main nucleation mechanism for GH4037 alloy.     

Effect of clad ratio on interfacial microstructure and properties of cladding billets via direct-chill casting process

Numerical simulation and experiments were introduced to develop AA4045/AA3003 cladding billets with different clad-ratios. The temperature fields, microstructures and mechanical properties near interface were investigated in detail. The results show that cladding billets with different clad-ratios were fabricated successfully. Si and Mn elements diffused across the bonding interface and formed diffusion layer. With the increase of clad-layer thickness, the interfacial region transforms from semisolid–solid state to liquid–solid state and the diffusion layer increased from 10 to 25 μm. The hardness at interface is higher than that of AA3003 side but lower than that of the other side. The bonding strength increased with the clad-layer thickness, attributing to solution strengthening due to elements diffusion. The cladding billets were extruded into clad pipe by indirect extrusion process after homogenization. The clad pipe remained the interfacial characteristics of as-cast cladding billet and the heredity of clad-ratio during deformation was testified.     

ZL104铝合金连杆半固态挤压铸造工艺实验研究

研究了传统液态挤压铸造与半固态挤压铸造成形ZL104铝合金连杆的充填状态、微观组织及力学性能。结果表明:传统液态挤压铸造成形连杆充填饱满,但其抗拉强度及伸长率低于半固态挤压铸造成形连杆。对于半固态挤压铸造成形,浇注温度高于565℃时,铸件充填性能良好;平均晶粒尺寸及形状因子随浇注温度的升高而逐渐增大;连杆抗拉强度及伸长率先增加后减小。挤压压力高于25MPa时,铸件均充填饱满;挤压压力升高,平均晶粒尺寸不断减小且形状因子不断增大,连杆机械性能不断提高。模具预热温度升高,平均晶粒尺寸和形状因子不断增大,连杆机械性能逐渐提高。但当模具预热温度超过300℃时,平均晶粒尺寸进一步增大而其形状因子减小,导致连杆的机械性能下降。     

半固态等温处理Mg-Zn-Y合金微观组织演变

研究了挤压Mg-2Zn-x Y(x=0.5,1,2,at%)合金在半固态等温处理过程中的微观组织演变规律。结果表明:3种Mg-2Zn-x Y合金中,挤压Mg-2Zn-1Y合金中α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸最小,挤压Mg-2Zn-2Y合金中出现了大量的孪晶;当半固态等温时间为10 min时,随着等温温度的升高,Mg-2Zn-x Y合金中α-Mg固相晶粒均逐渐趋于球化,且α-Mg固相颗粒逐渐分离,晶界处的液相和晶内液池体积分数均明显增加;随着580℃等温时间的延长(≤30 min),Mg-2Zn-0.5Y合金微观组织演变以Ostwald熟化机制为主,而Mg-2Zn-1Y和Mg-2Zn-2Y合金微观组织演变过程中Ostwald熟化机制和固相颗粒熔化机制同时起主导作用。     

38MnSiVS5非调质钢转向节的热锻成形数值模拟

以丰田IMV皮卡转向节的热锻工艺为研究对象,采用Deform-3D软件对38MnSiVS5非调质钢转向节的热锻成形过程进行有限元模拟,分析了该转向节辊锻毛坯头部直径的尺寸设计对成形载荷、坯料成形充模效果的影响,研究了阻力墙在热锻成形过程中对锻坯中金属流动和充填的作用。模拟结果表明:适当增加辊锻坯料的头部直径有助于金属充模,但直径过大会导致成形载荷急剧上升;为了促进转向节头部5个叉的成形,并避免辊锻坯料直径过大,有必要通过设置阻力墙迫使金属向合理方向流动。热锻成形试验表明,优化工艺后的转向节成形锻件的充填效果得到明显改善。