Multi-objective iterative optimization algorithm based optimal wavelet filter selection for multi-fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings

Rolling element bearings (REBs) play an essential role in modern machinery and their condition monitoring is significant in predictive maintenance. Due to the harsh operating conditions, multi-fault may co-exist in one bearing and vibration signal always exhibits low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which causes difficulties in detecting fault. In the previous studies, maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) has been validated as an efficient method to extract fault feature in the fault signals. Nonetheless, there are still some challenges when MCKD is applied to fault detection owing to the rigorous requirements of multiple input parameters. To overcome limitation, a multi-objective iterative optimization algorithm (MOIOA) for multi-fault diagnosis is proposed. In this method, correlated kurtosis (CK) is taken as a criterion to select optimal Morlet wavelet filter using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Meanwhile, to further eliminate the effect of the inaccurate period on CK, the update process of period is incorporated. After that, the simulated and experimental signals are utilized to testify the validity and superiority of the MOIOA for multiple faults detection by the comparison with MCKD. The results indicate that MOIOA is efficient to extract weak fault features even with heavy noise and harmonic interferences.     

基于改进奇异值分解滤波和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对含噪信号的有效奇异值个数难以确定的问题，提出了一种改进的奇异值分解降噪方法--奇异值累积法。该方法通过计算奇异值的实际下降值与奇异值平均下降速度累积量的差值，并取该差值最大值点的位置作为有效奇异值的分界点来确定有效奇异值的个数。在此基础上，提出了一种基于奇异值累积法与快速谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用奇异值累积法对原信号进行降噪处理，然后利用快速谱峭度确定滤波器中心频率及带宽，通过分析频段包络谱中明显的频率成分来诊断故障。该方法可以有效去除信号中的噪声，使得到的峭度值所反映的故障冲击更接近实际情况。对含内圈、外圈故障的滚动轴承实验数据进行分析，实验结果表明，相比快速谱峭度的故障诊断方法，该方法具有更好的故障识别效果。     

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases

There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases.     

基于MCKD和峭度的液压泵故障特征提取

液压泵早期故障信号具有非平稳性、强背景噪声、弱故障特征特点,故障特征难以有效提取。为此,提出基于自相关分析与最大相关峭度解卷积算法的齿轮泵故障特征提取方法,利用MCKD算法对采集信号去噪处理,增强信号中的原始冲击成分,提高信号的信噪比;基于峭度（或峭度绝对值,或峭度平方值）的特征信息提取方法,来度量机械信号的非高斯性程度,以表征机械设备的运行状态信息。试验结果证明：所提方法能够有效提取液压泵故障信号中的特征信息。     

基于EEMD的声阵列滚动轴承故障诊断

研究针对滚动轴承故障诊断中的类型和位置分析问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)的声阵列滚动轴承故障诊断分析方法。以EEMD分解信号的峭度和能量作为评价指标,提取包含故障信息的IMF分解信号,根据滚动轴承理论故障频率及其倍频分析对分解信号进行窄带滤波后通过Hilbert包络谱实现故障类型判断,通过对窄带滤波后的分解信号使用声阵列技术进行声像分析实现滚动轴承故障定位分析。最后通过试验进行了方法验证,结果表明过使用基于EEMD分解的阵列分析方法,可更为直观确定故障位置和故障类型,有利于有轨机车等多轴承驱动系统轴承故障的快速和实时诊断,对于确定检修、制定合理维修决策、改进维修质量具有十分重要指导意义。     

一种基于峭度累积量比例微分控制的盲源分离学习率

自然梯度算法由于良好的分离性能在盲源分离中占有重要的地位,但该算法基于固定步长时,无法很好兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差。本文借鉴自动化控制的PID （Proportion Integration Differentiation ）算法,提出一种与分离状态紧密结合的变步长学习率算法。由于完成分离的信号峭度累积量是一个固有值,分离过程的信号峭度累积量与固有值将有一个不断减小的误差值。该算法以指数函数值来体现该误差值。再利用该误差构成比例微分的变步长算法,其中的步长初始值就相当于控制误差的比例值,而误差的微分项则得到加速的调整值。该算法仿真实验结果与固定步长自然梯度盲源分离算法的仿真实验结果对比：对应于初始步长的一个最大值和一个最小值,该算法的两次迭代次数均低于采用固定步长算法的迭代次数,并且对于不同类型信号在两次迭代次数间的差值约10～40次,而两种算法的稳态误差是相同的。     

Fast ICA 盲分离算法在雷达抗主瓣干扰中的应用研究

压制干扰信号从主瓣进入雷达天线,会严重影响雷达的性能,通常的副瓣抗干扰技术难以奏效。文中首先给出了Fast ICA 应用于雷达抗主瓣干扰的信号模型;在高信噪比的均匀噪声环境中,利用基于寻找峭度的局部极值点的Fast ICA盲分离算法分离接收到的主瓣干扰混合信号,通过脉压找出目标信号。仿真验证了算法用于抗主瓣干扰的有效性,该算法具有良好的抗干扰性能,在分离效率上具有较明显的优势。     

滚动轴承故障监测诊断中的自适应滤波算法

针对滚动轴承故障分析诊断中的载波带选择过程进行研究,提出了基于峭度指标的自适应最优滤波算法,仿真和试验台的研究结果表明,此算法不仅能够准确地诊断出轴承故障,以全自动的方式实现滤波过程,而且自适应最优滤波算法的故障诊断效果远远优于固定滤波算法和基于小波包变换的滤波算法。     

基于WAEEMD和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对调制信号双谱（MSB）方法仅能处理平稳信号的不足,提出了一种基于加权平均集成经验模态分解（WAEEMD）和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,利用WAEEMD将滚动轴承的非平稳振动信号分解成一系列具有平稳特性的固有模态函数（IMF）;然后,开发了一种基于Teager能量峭度（TEK）的加权平均方法以强调敏感IMF的重要性,并将加权后的IMF重构为WAEEMD滤波信号;最后,应用MSB分解WAEEMD滤波信号中的调制分量并提取故障特征频率。仿真和实验结果表明,相对于快速谱峭度（FK）和EEMD-MSB方法,WAEEMD-MSB方法能更准确地获取故障特征,从而验证了WAEEMD-MSB方法的有效性。     

基于动态独立分量分析算法的谐波检测

介绍了一种基于峭度的非高斯极大的动态独立分量分析算法,并将其引入到谐波检测中。该算法在非高斯极大ICA算法的基础上,利用动态的递推关系公式计算得到当前的峭度值,并将峭度的非高斯极大作为独立性判据,从而实现谐波信号的盲分离。为了更好地逼近真实信号,对分离后的信号进行幅值修正,最终完成谐波的检测。仿真实验结果表明了该算法的正确性和可行性。