铸态和退火态A2B7型La—Mg—Ni系合金的电化学研究

为了改善铸态La3MgNi14合金的电化学性能,在0．3MPa氩气气氛下对La3MgNi14合金进行了10h退火处理,退火温度分别为1123,1223和1323K。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电化学实验研究了合金的微观结构和电化学性能。结果表明,铸态及1123K温度退火后的合金由LaNi5相、（La,Mg）2Ni7相以及少量的LaNi2相组成。1223K温度退火后合金含有LaNis,（La,Mg）2Ni7和（La。Mg）Ni3相。1323K温度退火后合金的主相为LaNi5和（La,Mg）Ni3相。与铸态合金相比,退火后合金组织更加均匀,晶粒长大。随着退火温度的增加,合金的一些电化学性能（如最大放电容量、放电效率、循环稳定性）以及动力学参数（如高倍率放电性能）增强,而电位差和电荷迁移电阻降低。在本研究范围内,为了放电容量和循环稳定性之问的平衡,铸态La3MgNi14合金的适宜退火温度为1323K。     

La2Ni7和LaMgNi7储氢合金电子结构的研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了La2Ni7和LaMg-Ni7储氢合金的电子结构,探讨了微观结构和合金宏观性能之间的关联性.结果表明,含Mg元素的LaMgNi7体系形成成键作用的Ni-Mg键,体系稳定性高于纯La2Ni7体系.同时LaMgNi7体系中的Ni-Ni键强度弱于La2Ni7体系中的相应键,降低了H进入体系的能量壁垒,改...     

Mg_(2.1)Ni与Mg_(1.6)La_(0.5)Ni合金的组织结构与吸放氢性能

采用SEM与XRD分析了Mg_(2.1)Ni与Mg_(1.6)La_(0.5)Ni合金的显微组织与相结构,用Sievert法测试了合金的活化性能以及吸放氢动力学。结果表明:Mg_(2.1)Ni合金的室温组织为脊椎状的Mg_2Ni相和层片状Mg_2Ni/Mg共晶组织,而Mg_(1.6)La_(0.5)Ni合金组织为块状La2Mg17相、长条状LaMg_3相镶嵌于Mg_2Ni基体相中;合金的吸氢活化性能与成分有关,Mg_(2.1)Ni合金的活化性能相对较差,而Mg_(1.6)La_(0.5)Ni合金的活化性能优异;合金的吸放氢动力学与La加入有关,Mg_(1.6)La_(0.5)Ni合金的吸放氢动力学优于Mg_(2.1)Ni合金,这归因于La加入使合金组织疏松、较多的晶界/相界、以及具有催化效应的La_4H_(12.19)相出现,但La_4H_(12.19)相具有较高的热稳定性,这降低合金氢化物的放氢率。     

储氢合金电极失效的机理分析及研究进展

分析了储氢合金电极失效的四种基本理论,即合金颗粒粉化、元素氧化、吸氢非晶化与释氢晶化、电化学腐蚀机制,并综述其研究进展,提出延缓合金电极容量衰减,改善其循环性能的有效控制途径.     

Effect of substitution of aluminum for nickel on electrochemical properties of La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.5–x)Co_(0.2)Al_x hydrogen storage alloys

La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5–xCo0.2Alx (x=0–0.09) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by induction melting and effect of Al substitution for Ni on phase constitution and electrochemical property was investigated.With the substitution of Al for Ni,LaNi5 and LaNi2 phases occurred and (La,Mg)2(Ni,Co,Al)7 phase with hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure replaced (La,Mg)2(Ni,Co)7 phase.The cell volumes of LaNi5 and (La,Mg)2(Ni,Co,Al)7 main phases increased with increasing Al content.Some electrochemical properties and kinetic parameters of the alloys,including discharge capacity,high rate discharge ability (HRD),loss angle (ψ),exchange current density (I0) and limiting current density (IL),decreased with increasing amount of substitution of Al for Ni.Substitution of Al for Ni could be favorable for positive shift in corrosion potential of the alloy electrode,and prolonged cyclic lifetime of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5–xCo0.2Alx (x=0–0.09) alloy electrodes.     

第一性原理计算CaNi_2和CaMgNi_4合金的相稳定性

利用第一性原理计算方法计算了CaNi2和CaMgNi4合金的相稳定性、弹性和电子结构。计算结果显示,由于原子间作用力得到释放,CaMgNi4更稳定。弹性系数计算结果显示,CaMgNi4的体模量远大于CaNi2。利用弹性系数、体模量的经验公式计算了合金的熔点,结果显示,CaMgNi4的熔点(1379.6K或1458.4K)大于CaNi2的熔点(1075.4K或979.37K)。     

“求真”与“求善”的统一:阿什比科技人文主义教育思想评析

阿什比科技人文主义教育思想是继承传统与应对现实的产物,英国悠久的人文主义传统、科技滥觞滋生的负面效应、大学人文教育的边缘化窘境等因素较大地影响了这一思想的形成.阿什比提出,要融人文精神于科学教育,通过"核心辐射"的课程模式,培养文理皆通的"完人".阿什比科技人文主义教育思想遵循了大学发展的内部逻辑与外部逻辑,体现了"求真"与"求善"的统一.     

Influences of stoichiometric ratio B/A on structures and electrochemical behaviors of Lao.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx （M=Ni,Co; x=0-0.6） hydrogen storage alloys

In order to investigate the influences of the stoichiometric ratio ofB/A （A： gross A-site elements, B： gross B-site elements） and the substitution of Co for Ni on the structures and electrochemical performances of the AB3.5-4.1-type electrode alloys, the La-Mg-Ni-Co system La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx （M=Ni, Co; x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6） alloys were prepared by induction melting in a helium atmosphere. The structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were systemically measured. The results show that the structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys are closely relevant to the B/A ratio. All the alloys exhibit a multiphase structure, including two major phases, （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNis, and a residual phase LaNi2, and with rising ratio B/A, the （La,Mg）2Ni7 phase decreases and the LaNi5 phase increases significantly. When ratio B/A-3.7, the alloys obtain the maximum discharge capacities. The high rate discharge（HRD） capability of the alloy （M=Ni） monotonously rises with growing B/A ratio, but that of the alloy （M=Co） first mounts up then declines. The cycle stability of the alloy （M-Co） monotonously increases with rising B/A ratio, but it first decreases slightly then increases for the alloy （M=Ni）. The discharge potential of the alloy （M=Ni） declines with increasing B/A ratio （x〉0.2）, but for the alloy （M-Co）, the result is contrary. The substitution of Co for Ni significantly ameliorates the electrochemical performances. For a fixed ratio B/A=3.7, the Co substitution enhances the discharge capacity from 365.7 to 401.8 mA.h/g, the capacity retention ratio （S100） after 100 charging-discharging cycles from 50.32% to 53.26% and the HRD from 88.65% to 90.69%.     

复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的退火研究进展

退火处理对复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的组织和电化学行为影响较大,介绍了近年来La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金退火后,合金中Mg含量、微观结构、压力-组成-温度(PCT)特性曲线以及电化学行为的研究状况.分析了复相La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的发展应用仍需解决的问题,旨在为提高贮氢合金的电化学性能提供思路和依据.