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1.
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are an important for fire extinguishing, and their key ingredient is fluorinated surfactant. In recent years, traditional long-chain fluorinated surfactants have been banned by most countries because of their persistence, bio-accumulation and toxicity. Therefore, increased attention has been paid to the research and development of short-chain fluorinated surfactants. As is well known, the introduction of hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups in a surfactant affects its surface activity, and therefore, the fire extinguishing performance of AFFFs. In this work, a series of short-chain fluorosurfactant-based AFFFs with different hydrophobic chain lengths were prepared. The physicochemical performance of mixed systems (fluorinated surfactant plus sodium hexanesulfonate), including surface activity, spreading ability, foam expansion, drainage time, and the fire extinguishing and burn-back performance of AFFFs were studied. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension (γCMC) at the CMC of mixed systems at 25°C are lower than 7.68 mmol/L and 16.51 mN/m, respectively. For mixed systems, the average spreading rate is more than 1.09 cm/s, the foam expansion is over 7.1, and the drainage time is greater than 3.28 min. The fire extinguishing time of AFFFs on fuels is less than 51 s while the burn-back time is more than 15.18 min. The results imply a potential application prospect of the short-chain fluorinated surfactants in AFFFs. 相似文献
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Shin-ichi Miyoshi Naomi Okubo Satoko Mitsumori 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2022,25(4):521-525
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE) are the major surfactants in washing detergents. In the present study, we isolated surfactant-resistant bacteria from soil samples collected from a sports ground and a farm field. The samples were treated with 2.0% LAS or POLE at 25°C for 30 min and cultivated on agar plates at 25°C for several days, after which manifold bacterial colonies were isolated. Thereafter, we tested the ability of each bacterial isolate to resist the antibacterial activity of the surfactant. Ten LAS-resistant strains were isolated, and all were found to be Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. On the other hand, 18 POLE-resistant strains were isolated, of which 14 were Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus and Microbacterium. Notably, one POLE-resistant strain was identified as Bacillus cereus, a potential causative agent for foodborne illness. The genera of LAS- and POLE-resistant bacteria did not overlap. Therefore, the combination of LAS and POLE could be more effective to eliminate soil bacteria from clothes and/or daily necessities. 相似文献
4.
Macrophages act as immune scavengers and are important cell types in the homeostasis of various tissues. Given the multiple roles of macrophages, these cells can also be found as tissue resident macrophages tightly integrated into a variety of tissues in which they fulfill crucial and organ-specific functions. The lung harbors at least two macrophage populations: interstitial and alveolar macrophages, which occupy different niches and functions. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the multiple roles of alveolar macrophages while unraveling the distinct factors which can influence the ontogeny and function of these cells. Furthermore, we will highlight pulmonary diseases, which are associated with dysfunctional macrophages, concentrating on congenital diseases as well as pulmonary infections and impairment of immunological pathways. Moreover, we will provide an overview about different treatment approaches targeting macrophage dysfunction. Improved knowledge of the role of macrophages in the onset of pulmonary diseases may provide the basis for new pharmacological and/or cell-based immunotherapies and will extend our understanding to other macrophage-related disorders. 相似文献
5.
Sarah Demand Simon Egger Patrick Degen Paul Salmen Michael Paulus Metin Tolan Heinz Rehage 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2019,22(3):597-611
This publication is focused on the structural origin of viscoelasticity in Langmuir monolayers. To improve the understanding of the structural origin of viscoelasticity of surfactant films, we systematically studied interfacial films of different sorbitan esters with saturated (Span 60 and 65) and unsaturated (Span 80 and 85) paraffin chains by means of surface rheology, Langmuir isotherms, X-ray reflectometry (XRR), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The results of two-dimensional shear rheological measurements revealed the existence of temporarily cross-linked networks. In dynamic BAM experiments, we observed a swinging motion of the monolayers as a result of a sudden externally initiated mechanical perturbation. The viscoelastic film response, which relaxed with time as the external force vanished, could be traced back to the presence of foam-like supramolecular structures that interlinked solid-condensed domains. The temperature dependence of the elastic response implied that the solid domains decomposed at temperatures close to the bulk melting point of Span 60 and Span 65. We concluded that insoluble surfactants formed solid domains at the interface, which were linked with each other by nonsolid areas, giving viscoelastic films. These newly discovered insights into coherent film formations could provide new opportunities for designing mechanically stable surfactant interfaces. 相似文献
6.
颜料印染对当前印染行业的节能减排、降低能耗很有意义。但要将对纤维没有亲和力的颜料印染到纤维上,首先要制备润湿性、分散性良好的超细颜料粒子,这是至关重要、不可缺失的。重点阐述了利用各种表面活性剂和助剂制备出一种包覆阴离子超微粒子的稳定分散液,包括各种润湿剂、分散剂、黏合剂和纤维阴离子改性剂,还概述了相关基础理论。 相似文献
7.
将α-磺基脂肪酸甲酯钠盐(MES)产品(含活性物质70%)在加热熔融的状态下滴加到50~55℃低沸点水溶性有机溶剂中,经冷却、结晶、过滤和干燥,得到高纯MES粉剂产品。考察了低沸点水溶性有机溶剂种类、原料与溶剂的投料质量比、冷却温度和结晶时间等工艺条件对产品回收率、活性物质量分数和过筛率的影响,得到了最佳纯化精制工艺:以甲醇为溶剂,5 kg MES,MES与溶剂的投料质量比为1:3,冷却温度为5℃,结晶时间为120 min,干燥时间60 min,干燥温度45℃,溶剂使用3次。本工艺条件下,所制得MES粉剂产品回收率大于98%,含活性物质量分数大于93.0%,产品在40℃密封保存12 h后,过0.850 mm筛孔的筛,过筛率达100%。 相似文献
8.
Ahmed Labena Ahmed Hamed Eman H. I. Ismael Samy M. Shaban 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2020,23(5):991-1004
The Egyptian oil and gas industry is suffering from severe metal corrosion problems, particularly microbial-induced corrosion. There is limited knowledge on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steels in the presence of an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Therefore, in this study, novel Gemini cationic surfactants, in three forms depending on variation in alkyl chains of 8, 12, and 16 carbon atoms named FHPAO, FHPAD, and FHPAH, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The surface parameters and the thermodynamic of the synthesized surfactants were evaluated at three different temperatures, 20, 40, and 60 °C. The synthesized Gemini cationic surfactants were tested as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticandida agents. They evaluated as biocides and corrosion inhibitors against Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. FHPAD showed higher adsorption ability at the solution interface and higher affinity to construct micelles than FHPAO and FHPAH. Both adsorption and micellization processes were hydrophobic and temperature dependent. FHPAO, FHPAD and FHPAH exhibited wide-spectrum antimicrobial activities, and the highest activity and the lowest minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations were attributed to FHPAD. Furthermore, synthesized FHPAD demonstrated the highest metal corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.5% at 5 mM in comparison to 87.5% and 81.7% for FHPAO and FHPAH, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides novel synthesized cationic surfactants with many applications in the oil and gas industry, such as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors for acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. 相似文献
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10.
该文以废弃贻贝壳为原料制取食品级的纳米乳酸钙,将贝壳预处理后与乳酸中和反应生成乳酸钙,在重结晶过程中采用高速剪切结合微量表面活性剂的新方法,控制晶体粒径实现纳米化的同时保持分散性,最终纯化干燥可制得纳米乳酸钙。通过单因素和响应面试验,结合表征分析研究并优化整个过程的工艺条件。结果表明,当剪切速度7500 r/min、剪切时长240 s、表面活性剂吐温80最终反应浓度20μL/L时,可制成一种平均粒径为95.1 nm、纯度为99.5%,符合食品级添加剂国标要求的纳米乳酸钙。相较于现有方法,该生产工艺具有成本低、环境友好、产品质量安全可靠等优势。该文研究结果有望为废弃贝壳的综合利用提供一种新的有效途径。 相似文献