Influence of Se and Te substitutions at Tl-site of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu2O7 superconductor on the AC susceptibility and electrical properties

The Sr and Ba bearing Tl-1212 phase, Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ is an interesting superconductor. The Sr only bearing TlSr₂CaCu₂O₇ is not easily prepared in the superconducting form. The Ba only bearing TlBa₂CaCu₂O₇ on the other hand does not show improvement in the transition temperature with elemental substitution. In this work the influence of multivalent Se (non-metal) and Te (metalloid) substitutions at the Tl-site of Tl_1-xM_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ (M = Se or Te) superconductors for x = 0–0.6 was studied. The samples were prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction method. XRD patterns showed a single Tl-1212 phase for x = 0 and 0.1 Se substituted samples. The critical current density at the peak temperature, T_p of the imaginary (χ”) part of the AC susceptibility (χ = χ’ +χ”), J_c-inter(T_p) for all samples was between 15 and 21 A cm⁻². The highest superconducting transition temperature was shown by the x = 0.3 Se-substituted sample (T_c-onset = 104 K, T_c-zero = 89 K, T_cχ’ = 104 K and T_p = 80 K). Te suppressed the superconductivity of Tl-1212 phase. The order of highest transition temperatures are as follows: Tl_1-xTe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl_1-xSe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇. This work showed that Se was better than Te in improving the transition temperature and flux pinning of the Tl-1212 phase. The roles of ionic radius of Se and Te on the superconductivity of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ are discussed in this paper.     

Temperature dependent negative permittivity in solid solutions Sr2Mn1-xSnxO4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5)

A few compositions of the system Sr₂Mn_1-xSn_xO₄ (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5) were synthesized in the air by the solid-state ceramic route. A change in the sign (positive to negative) of the permittivity above a particular temperature (T_C) is observed at all the measured frequencies. The negative permittivity was analyzed by the Drude-Lorentz model. It was found that negative permittivity is caused by the plasma oscillations of thermally excited free charge carriers. Analysis of XPS spectra confirmed the presence of mixed-valence states of both Mn (Mn⁴⁺ and Mn³⁺) and Sn (Sn⁴⁺ and Sn²⁺) ions. The UV–vis.-IR spectroscopy results indicated generation of a large number of defect states in the forbidden bandgap region of Sr₂MnO₄ on the substitution of Sn at Mn site. Synthesized samples are promising metamaterials for radio frequency (10 Hz -2 MHz) region applications due to the high-temperature plasmonic behavior.     

Full AC analysis of value of DER to the grid and optimal DER scheduling

This paper presents part of the work ComEd and Quanta Technology have performed to quantify the locational and temporal value of DER to avoid distribution grid upgrade investments. It focuses on the formulation of a robust and efficient algorithm for DER optimal dispatch on a distribution feeder to mitigate the violation of current and voltage limits using the allocated cost of capacity and locational marginal value of real and reactive DER injection/withdrawal.     

基于平面复合降阻材料的杆塔基础接地降阻研究

杆塔基础自然接地作为输电线路重要的接地装置,能减少外延接地及降阻施工成本。针对特高压输电线路杆塔基础接地提出基于平面复合降阻材料的塔基外敷接地降阻策略,首先,采用CDEGS仿真计算软件建立特高压杆塔单根浇注桩接地计算模型,分析均匀土壤、多层土壤、混合土壤三种条件下的外敷接地降阻效果;然后,通过单个塔基外敷计算模型分析外敷材料不同敷设方式的降阻效率;最后,计算完整杆塔基础外敷接地降阻效率和散流分布特征,并与水平人工外延接地降阻方式进行对比。结果表明,外敷接地降阻效率与土壤条件、敷设位置等因素有关,在高土壤电阻率条件下,塔基外敷接地降阻效率超过22%,与水平人工外延接地相比,塔基外敷接地降阻的散流比超过96%,接地材料利用率高,可减少征地和二次接地施工成本。     

Power flow calculation for a distribution system with multi-port PETs: an improved AC-DC decoupling iterative method

Recently, power electronic transformers (PETs) have received widespread attention owing to their flexible networking, diverse operating modes, and abundant control objects. In this study, we established a steady-state model of PETs and applied it to the power flow calculation of AC–DC hybrid systems with PETs, considering the topology, power balance, loss, and control characteristics of multi-port PETs. To address new problems caused by the introduction of the PET port and control equations to the power flow calculation, this study proposes an iterative method of AC–DC mixed power flow decoupling based on step optimization, which can achieve AC–DC decoupling and effectively improve convergence. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the iterative method and overcomes the overcorrection and initial value sensitivity problems of conventional iterative algorithms.     

Algorithms useful for calculating multi-component equilibria,phase diagrams and other kinds of diagrams

Phase diagrams are important in materials science. They consist of lines separating regions with different sets of stable phases and different kind of axes can be used. Many available phase diagrams are drawn directly from experimental information. However, they are closely related to the thermodynamic properties of the phases and can be calculated from thermodynamic models of the phases using the Calphad technique. This paper presents a set of algorithms to calculate equilibria and several kinds of diagrams using a very flexible set of conditions and axes. The algorithms can be applied to multi-component systems using model parameters in thermodynamic databases.     

一种交直流混合输电系统直流侧双极故障保护策略

为进一步分析含柔性直流输电(MMC-HVDC)的交直流混合输电系统的故障特征,基于交直流混合输电系统和模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的拓扑结构,推导了MMC的数学模型,研究了直流系统双极短路的故障机理和故障特征,针对含MMC-HVDC的交直流混合输电系统的双极短路故障,设计了限流电路及闭锁换流站与交流断路器跳闸相结合的故障保护方案。以厦门市柔性直流输电系统为例,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了交直流混合系统,并对保护方案进行了仿真验证。结果表明,提出的保护策略能有效地降低故障电流,提高系统稳定性。