全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35704篇 |
免费 | 3906篇 |
国内免费 | 2442篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 963篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 4691篇 |
化学工业 | 2446篇 |
金属工艺 | 899篇 |
机械仪表 | 1528篇 |
建筑科学 | 9182篇 |
矿业工程 | 1691篇 |
能源动力 | 547篇 |
轻工业 | 1077篇 |
水利工程 | 1396篇 |
石油天然气 | 5967篇 |
武器工业 | 524篇 |
无线电 | 1711篇 |
一般工业技术 | 4203篇 |
冶金工业 | 1428篇 |
原子能技术 | 616篇 |
自动化技术 | 3181篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 70篇 |
2023年 | 402篇 |
2022年 | 983篇 |
2021年 | 1210篇 |
2020年 | 1268篇 |
2019年 | 1090篇 |
2018年 | 1073篇 |
2017年 | 1070篇 |
2016年 | 1283篇 |
2015年 | 1336篇 |
2014年 | 2152篇 |
2013年 | 2092篇 |
2012年 | 2571篇 |
2011年 | 2983篇 |
2010年 | 2148篇 |
2009年 | 2222篇 |
2008年 | 2060篇 |
2007年 | 2269篇 |
2006年 | 2156篇 |
2005年 | 1948篇 |
2004年 | 1600篇 |
2003年 | 1355篇 |
2002年 | 1207篇 |
2001年 | 1028篇 |
2000年 | 748篇 |
1999年 | 637篇 |
1998年 | 490篇 |
1997年 | 379篇 |
1996年 | 355篇 |
1995年 | 290篇 |
1994年 | 257篇 |
1993年 | 210篇 |
1992年 | 184篇 |
1991年 | 167篇 |
1990年 | 123篇 |
1989年 | 93篇 |
1988年 | 59篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 42篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1964年 | 19篇 |
1963年 | 19篇 |
1960年 | 19篇 |
1959年 | 29篇 |
1957年 | 21篇 |
1956年 | 22篇 |
1955年 | 27篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
高面板坝的变形对面板的安全运行有着特别重要的影响,国内外已建的高面板坝工程中,因坝体变形大导致防渗面板挤压破损,坝体渗漏量大的实例较多,不得不降低水库水位进行修复处理,造成较大的经济损失乃至给大坝的长期运行留下安全隐患。通过发生挤压破损的实例分析,发现变形控制缺乏系统性是发生面板挤压破损的主要因素,为预防面板破损,系统提出了“控制坝体总变形,转化有害变形,适应纵向变形”的坝体变形控制方法,并在使用软硬岩混合料筑坝的董箐面板堆石坝中得到的应用,取得了良好效果,该工程运行至今达十余年,未见面板有挤压破损迹象,该方法对建设200 m以上乃至300 m级超高面板坝具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
南水北调中线总干渠无在线调蓄水库,对藻类生态调度过程中出现的问题开展生态调度实现策略和实施方式研究。主要实现策略包括:划定自身的调蓄区,隔离生态调度对下游的影响;采用高效的渠池运行方式,减少生态调度时蓄量的反复调整;综合考虑安全、快速、平稳等需求,设定生态调度实施进程和方式。具体实施方式包括:将总干渠划分为流速调控区、调蓄区和正常运行区,分别实施等体积、控制蓄量和闸前常水位方式运行;将生态调度过程划分为充水阶段和泄水阶段,基于流速调控目标值、持续时长和水位降幅约束条件,确定各阶段时长和各分区的闸门群调控方案等。基于2018年3月输水工况,采用明渠一维非恒定流模型,仿真总干渠上游15个渠池的藻类生态调度过程。结果表明,生态调度可在3.5 d内完成,各渠池的平均流速由0.48 m/s增至0.93 m/s,持续时间超过2 h。在整个生态调度过程中,水位变化平稳,水位变幅符合安全阈值要求,下游渠道的正常运行未受生态调度明显影响。 相似文献
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24592-24598
Single-phase Al4SiC4 powder with a low neutron absorption cross section was synthesized and mixed with SiC powder to fabricate highly densified SiC ceramics by hot pressing. The densification of SiC ceramics was greatly improved by the decomposition of Al4SiC4 and the formation of aluminosilicate liquid phase during the sintering process. The resulting SiC ceramics were composed of fine equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 2.0 μm and exhibited excellent mechanical properties in terms of a high flexure strength of 593 ± 55 MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.9 ± 0.2 MPa m1/2. Furthermore, the ion-irradiation damage in SiC ceramics was investigated by irradiating with 1.2 MeV Si5+ ions at 650 °C using a fluence of 1.1 × 1016 ions/cm2, which corresponds to 6.3 displacements per atom (dpa). The evolution of the microstructure was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The breaking of Si–C bonds and the segregation of C elements on the irradiated surface was revealed by XPS, whereas the formation of Si–Si and C–C homonuclear bonds within the Si–C network of SiC grains was detected by Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献
5.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(3):103450
In the present investigation, systematic grinding experiments were conducted in a laboratory ball mill to determine the breakage properties of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The population balance modeling technique was used to study the breakage parameters such as primary breakage distribution (Bi, j) and the specific rates of breakage (Si). The breakage and selection function values were determined for six feed sizes. The results stated that the breakage follows the first-order grinding kinetics for all the feed sizes. It was observed that the coarser feed sizes exhibit higher selection function values than the finer feed size. Further, an artificial neural network was used to predict breakage characteristics of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The predicted results obtained from the neural network modeling were close to the experimental results with a correlation of determination R2 = 0.99 for both product size and selection function. 相似文献
6.
Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) materials have been the focus of scientists’ efforts to address the rising need for earth-abundant materials solutions for energy technology and decarbonization of the economy. They are viewed as one of the most promising candidates to replace platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts in the fuel cell and energy conversion fields, including the application of oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction. In the effort to improve M-N-C materials properties and achieve atomic dispersity of the transition metal in the carbonaceous matrix, a re-pyrolysis process has been proposed. This secondary heat treatment process of already obtained primary pyrolysis-derived M-N-C materials has been widely reported to substantially improve the electrochemical performance and operational stability of the catalysts. Here, we report a systematic investigation of this process used on samples of templated M-N-C catalysts to obtain state-of-the-art catalysts via in situ heating X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) characterization methods. It is found that the re-pyrolysis of M-N-C materials could result in the partial amorphization of the carbonaceous substrate. It causes the rearrangement and transformation of multitudinous N moieties, leading to optimization of their morphological display and association with atomically dispersed transition metal dopants. Ultimately, the re-pyrolysis results in an increase in uniformity of the active Fe-Nx sites distribution without the formation of nano-crystalline phases (metallic or carbide) and with overall preservation of the morphology of the carbonaceous framework achieved during the first formative pyrolysis step of the templated synthesis. These observations provide confirmation that empirically established re-pyrolysis is recommended to be used on all M-N-C materials despite the different synthesis routes to obtain a practical advanced catalytic material. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(6):7885-7896
Al2O3 and honeycomb skeleton-Al2O3 composite coatings on Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. A laser ablation experiment on as-sprayed coatings was performed. In this paper, the laser damage resistance, microstructure, phase composition of Al2O3 coatings were examined. 3D Dimensional Confocal Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) characterized the laser damage morphology, microstructure, phase composition, and element analysis, respectively. The influence of the honeycomb skeleton on the laser ablation damage on as-sprayed coatings was investigated by a comparative analysis of the laser damage morphology with different laser ablation times and gas flow. The results show that the honeycomb skeleton raises thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, a “tower”-like dendrite was generated during the laser irradiation of the composite coating. The honeycomb skeleton refined the structure, suppressed crack propagation, and reduced the influence of gas flow on cracks. Under the same experimental laser ablation parameters, the laser damage area of the honeycomb skeleton-Al2O3 composite coating was smaller than that of the Al2O3 coating. It was demonstrated that the laser damage resistance of the honeycomb skeleton-Al2O3 composite coating was superior to that of the Al2O3 coating. 相似文献
8.
Cho-Yi Chen Masaoki Kawasumi Tien-Yun Lan Chi-Lam Poon Yi-Sian Lin Pin-Jou Wu Yao-Chung Chen Bing-Hong Chen Cheng-Hsien Wu Jeng-Fan Lo Rueyhung Roc Weng Yi-Chen Sun Kai-Feng Hung 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive program to cope with cellular stress that disturbs the function and homeostasis of ER, which commonly occurs during cancer progression to late stage. Late-stage cancers, mostly requiring chemotherapy, often develop treatment resistance. Chemoresistance has been linked to ER stress response; however, most of the evidence has come from studies that correlate the expression of stress markers with poor prognosis or demonstrate proapoptosis by the knockdown of stress-responsive genes. Since ER stress in cancers usually persists and is essentially not induced by genetic manipulations, we used low doses of ER stress inducers at levels that allowed cell adaptation to occur in order to investigate the effect of stress response on chemoresistance. We found that prolonged tolerable ER stress promotes mesenchymal–epithelial transition, slows cell-cycle progression, and delays the S-phase exit. Consequently, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased in stress-adapted cells, implying their acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Molecularly, we found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ubiquitination and the expression of polymerase η, the main polymerase responsible for translesion synthesis across cisplatin-DNA damage, were up-regulated in ER stress-adaptive cells, and their enhanced cisplatin resistance was abrogated by the knockout of polymerase η. We also found that a fraction of p53 in stress-adapted cells was translocated to the nucleus, and that these cells exhibited a significant decline in the level of cisplatin-DNA damage. Consistently, we showed that the nuclear p53 coincided with strong positivity of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) on immunostaining of clinical biopsies, and the cisplatin-based chemotherapy was less effective for patients with high levels of ER stress. Taken together, this study uncovers that adaptation to ER stress enhances DNA repair and damage tolerance, with which stressed cells gain resistance to chemotherapeutics. 相似文献
9.
多堆厂址一级概率安全评价(PSA)研究中,机组数目的增加使得建模工作量剧增,给整个核电厂的风险评估带来困难。结合已有基础,本文研究了多堆厂址始发事件分析的筛选方法,提出利用堆芯损伤频率(CDF)上下限值评估方法,分析厂址内不同机组数对厂址CDF的影响。结果表明,双机组厂址适合优先进行具体分析。针对双机组核电站,对多堆厂址内各始发事件进行筛选。结果表明,丧失厂外电、丧失热阱等事件适合建模分析,并对其他筛选结果给出后续分析建议,为多堆厂址一级PSA后续事故序列建模工作提供了重要基础。 相似文献
10.
Guglielmina Chimienti Anna Picca Flavio Fracasso Francesco Russo Antonella Orlando Giuseppe Riezzo Christiaan Leeuwenburgh Vito Pesce Angela Maria Serena Lezza 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Calorie restriction (CR) is the most efficacious treatment to delay the onset of age-related changes such as mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the sensitivity of mitochondrial markers to CR and the age-related boundaries of CR efficacy are not fully elucidated. We used liver samples from ad libitum-fed (AL) rats divided in: 18-month-old (AL-18), 28-month-old (AL-28), and 32-month-old (AL-32) groups, and from CR-treated (CR) 28-month-old (CR-28) and 32-month-old (CR-32) counterparts to assay the effect of CR on several mitochondrial markers. The age-related decreases in citrate synthase activity, in TFAM, MFN2, and DRP1 protein amounts and in the mtDNA content in the AL-28 group were prevented in CR-28 counterparts. Accordingly, CR reduced oxidative mtDNA damage assessed through the incidence of oxidized purines at specific mtDNA regions in CR-28 animals. These findings support the anti-aging effect of CR up to 28 months. Conversely, the protein amounts of LonP1, Cyt c, OGG1, and APE1 and the 4.8 Kb mtDNA deletion content were not affected in CR-28 rats. The absence of significant differences between the AL-32 values and the CR-32 counterparts suggests an age-related boundary of CR efficacy at this age. However, this only partially curtails the CR benefits in counteracting the generalized aging decline and the related mitochondrial involvement. 相似文献