Effect of Mo on corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in air with NaCl–KCl–CaCl2 vapor at 570°C

The effect of Mo on the corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in an oxidizing chlorine-containing atmosphere using air mixed with the salt-vapor mixture of NaCl–KCl–CaCl₂ at 570°C was investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion performance of the Ni20Cr alloys in the oxidizing chlorine atmosphere was improved by Mo addition of up to 3 wt%. The Mo-free alloy formed a potassium chromate during corrosion as a result of the reaction between the Cr₂O₃ scale and KCl vapor. The chromate formation increased the chlorine potential at the scale surface and induced the breakdown of the protective Cr₂O₃ scale, resulting in internal chromium chloride precipitates and a Cr-depleted zone. In contrast, the presence of Mo resulted in the formation of a NiO scale, which did not react with the salt vapors and, therefore, prevented the formation of chromates. The beneficial effect of Mo on the high-temperature chlorination of Ni–Cr alloys in salt-vapor-containing atmospheres was ascribed to the suppression of chlorine generation due to NiO scale formation.     

规整有机分子自聚集体对铜的高效缓蚀的研究

通过多步法合成了离子型含双苯并三氮唑环的目标分子，4，4'-{苯-1，3-二基二[(1E)-3-羰基丙-1-烯-1，3-二基]}二[2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯醇酸]二钾。在室温条件下，目标分子在3.5%（质量）NaCl/DMSO（二甲基亚枫）混合溶液 （体积比：40/60） 中能够发生分子自组装产生纳-微米级的自聚集体。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR）、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱 （XPS） 的表征，证实了所形成的目标分子自聚集体能够对铜表面产生强烈的化学吸附作用，在铜表面形成自组装膜。利用电化学方法测定了目标分子自聚集体吸附在铜表面形成自组装膜后，在3.5%（质量）NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明目标分子自聚集体在NaCl溶液中能高效地抑制铜腐蚀。     

Innovative method to produce large-area freestanding functional ceramic foils

Using thick and thin films instead of bulk functional materials presents tremendous advantages in the field of flexible electronics and component miniaturization. Here, a low-cost method to grow and release large-area, microscale thickness, freestanding, functional, ceramic foils is reported. It uses evaporation of sodium chloride to silicon wafer substrates as sacrificial layers, upon which functional lead titanate zirconate ceramic films are grown at 710?°C maximum temperature to validate the method. The freestanding, functional foils are then released by dissolution of the sacrificial sodium chloride in water and have the potential to be integrated into low-thermal stability printed circuits and flexible substrates. The optimization of the sodium chloride layer surface quality and bonding strength with the underlying wafer is achieved thanks to pre-annealing treatment.     

Sc添加对铸造Al-3Cu-1Li合金在酸性NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

在2 mol/L NaCl酸性溶液中,研究少量Sc对铸态Al-3Cu-1Li合金腐蚀行为的影响。通过XRD对铸态Al-3Cu-1Li-xSc（质量分数）合金进行相分析,用FE-SEM/EDS和TEM观察了Al-3Cu-1Li合金和Al-3Cu-1Li-0.5Sc合金的显微组织;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、电化学噪声（EN）和浸泡法对合金的腐蚀行为进行了研究,并探讨腐蚀机制。结果表明：含Sc的Al-3Cu-1Li合金晶内富Cu球形相减少,晶界析出W相。随Sc含量的增加,合金腐蚀反应的活化能降低,阴极析氢速率增加,自腐蚀电流密度增加,合金的耐蚀性降低。添加Sc后,合金在空气中形成的表面膜保护作用减弱至消失,使含Sc合金的阻抗谱低频感抗弧逐渐消失。在EN测量期间,不含Sc和含0.1%Sc的合金表面处于“膜破裂-再钝化”状态;含0.3%Sc和0.5%Sc的合金发生严重的局部腐蚀（晶间腐蚀）,且与W相有关。     

混凝土盐结晶破坏的研究

以混凝土剥落量、膨胀率和强度损失率为评价指标,研究了干湿循环条件下Na2SO4和NaCl盐结晶对混凝土的破坏,并与在Na2SO4和NaCl盐溶液中浸泡的混凝土的化学侵蚀破坏结果进行对比.研究表明,混凝土在干湿循环条件下发生的盐结晶破坏明显比化学侵蚀破坏严重;盐结晶产生的混凝土膨胀和剥蚀破坏随着盐浓度和干湿循环次数的增加明显增大,且超过一定干湿循环次数后,混凝土经干燥后非但不收缩,反而继续膨胀;盐晶体刚开始主要起密实与增强作用,只有当盐晶体量超过一定值后,才会引起混凝土发生膨胀和破坏;引气可以显著降低和延缓混凝土的盐结晶破坏.     

干湿循环作用下氯离子在混凝土中的侵蚀过程分析

干湿循环和氯盐浸泡对比试验表明,在干湿循环作用下,氯离子在混凝土中的传输速度远大于饱水混凝土内外氯离子浓差引起的离子扩散速度,氯离子在上部非饱水混凝土中和在饱水混凝土中的传输机理不同。对上部非饱水混凝土中氯离子的渗透行为进行了机理分析,并建立了干湿循环作用下氯离子传输速度模型,可为准确地预测实际工况混凝土结构的使用寿命提供参考。