CH4、CO2与稀有气体溶解度的估算模型及其地质应用

CH₄、CO₂、稀有气体的溶解度模型在地球科学领域应用广泛。它们的溶解度模型在研究流体包裹体的均一化压力、古气温变化、天然气运移与聚集规律、富氦天然气成藏、储层中气—水体积比等方面发挥着重要作用。主要综述了纯水与NaCl水溶液中CH₄、CO₂、稀有气体溶解度研究的新进展。重点介绍了精度高且适用性广的模型的建立过程及其适用范围,并给出了部分模型的计算结果。包括：①0~250 °C、0.1~200 MPa、0~6.0 mol/kg NaCl溶液中CH₄的溶解度模型;②0~450 °C、0.1~150 MPa、0~4.5 mol/kg NaCl溶液中CO₂的溶解度模型;③0~80 °C范围内大气稀有气体溶解度与亨利常数的计算模型;④纯水中稀有气体亨利常数计算模型;⑤0.1 MPa、0~65 °C、0~5.8 mol/kg NaCl溶液中稀有气体的溶解度模型。CH₄与CO₂的溶解度模型复杂,但精度高,适用范围广。稀有气体溶解度模型的精度相对较低,适用范围相对较小,有待进一步提高与改进。CO₂—稀有气体—水体系中,低密度的CO₂对稀有气体溶解度的影响较小,而高密度的CO₂对稀有气体的溶解度有较大的影响。目前还无法判断CH₄—CO₂—稀有气体共存时对彼此溶解度的影响程度,其混合气的溶解度模型需要加强研究。     

纳米化对Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag合金抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能的影响

利用磁控溅射的方法在Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag(at．％)合金上溅射相同成分的纳米晶涂层，以研究纳米化对Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag合金抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能的影响，氧化实验在800℃～1000℃进行，腐蚀试验在盐和水蒸气综合条件下进行．结果表明：900℃氧化，Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag涂层显示了较低的氧化速率，因为生成保护性氧化铝膜，而铸态合金则在局部区域生成TiO2 Al2O3混合氧化膜．1000℃氧化，涂层和铸态合金生成保护性Al2O3膜，均具有很好的抗氧化性能．但溅射涂层在1000℃的氧化速率高于铸态合金，因为涂层球状表面和柱状晶结构，提供了更多的有效氧化面积．在600℃～700℃，盐和水蒸汽综合作用下，TiAlCrAg合金表面形成Al2O3 TiO2混合氧化膜，显示了较差的抗腐蚀性能．溅射纳米晶涂层在局部区域生成氧化铝保护膜，抗腐蚀性能大大改善．     

NaCl水溶液中AZ91与A3钢的接触腐蚀

研究了NaCl水溶液中AZ9l镁合金与A3钢的接触腐蚀特性。试验结果表明，NaCl水溶液中，镁合金与A3钢接触时发生严重的接触腐蚀，腐蚀主要集中在镁合金与A3钢接触部附近；点蚀的平均孔深和腐蚀质量损失随NaCl浓度的增加和浸泡时间的延长而增加；镁合金接触腐蚀的主要腐蚀产物为Mg(OH)2，MgCO3和MgAl2O4，产物中还检测到因基体腐蚀而脱落的第二相Mgl7Al12。     

TEM Study on the Internal Oxidation and Nitriding of Dual Phase Fe–Mn–Al–C Alloy AfterNaCl-Induced Corrosion

A dual-phase Fe–Mn–Al–C alloy was oxidized at 750°C in air with 2 initial mg/cm² NaCl deposits. After 9 hr of exposure a fine-void zone was observed in the middle subscale and a coarse-void layer in the inner subscale. The fine-void zone formed due mainly to the interaction between selective oxidation of manganese and the oxidation of metal chlorides, while the formation of the coarse-void layer was caused by chlorination. The product remaining in the fine-void zone was mostly Al₂O₃, and the structure of the substrate in this zone is oxidation-induced ferrite, where nitriding of aluminum occurs forming AlN. Fine Fe₃O₄ particles fill in the coarse voids and the structure of the substrate in this layer is secondary austenite. The mechanism of the formation and growth of the internal oxidation and nitriding in the void zones of the subscale are discussed.     

The influence of TiAlN and enamel coatings on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in the presence of solid NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C

The corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy with solid NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C has been investigated. Serious corrosion occurred. In order to improve the corrosion resistance, TiAlN and enamel coatings were prepared, and their effectiveness and corrosion resistance were evaluated. The results indicated that both coatings were effective in protecting the alloy against corrosion induced by NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C. The protection mechanisms of these two coatings were also studied.     

流动条件下炔氧甲基季胺盐的缓蚀性能研究

利用交流阻抗(EIS)、线性极化、动电位极化和失重法，研究了炔氧甲基季胺盐对N80在常温CO2饱和的3％NaCl溶液中的电化学行为和缓蚀性能的影响．结果表明：空白溶液中N80的累计失重在4m／s以后急剧增大，即介质的临界流速为4～5m／s．动态下炔氧甲基季胺盐存在与静态下相同的浓度极值现象，流速低于5m／s时缓蚀剂的极值浓度与静态时相同，都为150mg／L，而流速高于5m／s后极值浓度有所增加．     

淬冷法研究NbCl5-NaCl和NbCl5-KCl二元系的热力学性质

用高温平衡淬冷方法,研究了NaCl-NbCl5和KCl-NbCl5二元系的热力学性质。结果表明:在580~680 K和0.06~0.12 MPa范围内,NaNbCl6(g)和KNbCl6(g)分别是惟一产物,且NaNbCl6(g)比KNbCl6(g)稳定。反应NbCl5(g) NaCl(s)NaNbCl6(g)的热力学函数是ΔH m=(-28.3±1.5)kJ/mol和ΔS m=(-73.0±2.0)J/(mol.K);反应NbCl5(g) KCl(s)KNbCl6(g)的热力学函数是ΔH m=(-37.6±1.5)kJ/mol和ΔS m=(-93.7±2.0)J/(mol.K)。     

时效状态对Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag-Zr合金在3.0%NaCl溶液中局部腐蚀的影响

研究了T8态峰时效及T6态峰时效Al 4.0Cu 1.0Li 0 .4Mg 0 .4Ag 0 .14Zr合金在 3.0 %NaCl溶液中的局部腐蚀行为及其电化学阻抗特征。结果表明 :T8态峰时效处理时合金的电荷转移反应电阻大于T6态峰时效时的相应值 ;合金腐蚀初期 ,主要发生沿Cu或Fe含量较高的第二相粒子边缘的孔蚀 ,后期由于亚晶界边缘贫Cu无沉淀带的阳极溶解而出现连续亚晶界腐蚀 ;时效前的预变形减少了贫Cu无沉淀带的宽度 ,可降低亚晶界腐蚀程度     

NaCl在A3钢大气腐蚀中的作用

研究了温度为25℃、相对湿度为80％时NaCl对A3钢大气腐蚀的影响．结果表明，A3钢腐蚀失重随NaCl沉积量的增加而增加，同时随暴露时间的延长也呈增加趋势；但暴露一定时间后，腐蚀失重增加趋缓．采用扫描电镜(SEM/EDAX)及光电子能谱(XPS)对腐蚀形貌及产物成分进行了分析，腐蚀表面呈现不均匀的凹凸形貌，腐蚀产物上有细微裂缝．探讨了该条件下A3钢的大气腐蚀过程．     

Effect of nitrogen on corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni duplex and microduplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni-O-0.34N duplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5-wt% NaCl solution at pH 2, 7, 10 and 27 °C was studied by the potentiodynamic method. Two types of microstructures were investigated: the as-forged duplex and microduplex (average austenite grain size 5-16 μm) structures. The austenite volume fractions of the tested steels were between 0.35 and 0.64. The nitrogen effect on corrosion behaviors of both duplex and microduplex stainless steels were the same. At pH 2, the corrosion potential increased when the nitrogen content increased, however, corrosion current density as well as corrosion rate decreased. At pH 7 and 10, the effect of nitrogen on corrosion potential and corrosion rate could not be observed. Corrosion potential at pH 10 was lower than at pH 7. Pitting potential increased when the nitrogen content in the tested steels increased at all tested pH. For the nitrogen effect on the passive current density, it seemed that only at pH 2, the average passive current densities reduced when the nitrogen content increased. Nitrogen may have participated in the passive film or has been involved in the reaction to build up passive film. The ammonium formation and nitrogen enrichment at the interface metal/passive film with adsorption mechanism were discussed. The dissolute nitrogen might have combined with the hydrogen ions in solution to form ammonium ions, resulting in increasing solution pH. The steel could then easily repassivate, hence the corrosion potential and pitting potential would increase. However, the ammonium formation mechanism could not explain the decrease of corrosion potential in basic solution. Nitrogen enrichment at the metal/passive film interface with adsorption mechanism seemed to be an applicable consideration in increasing pitting potential. However, this mechanism did not involve the ammonium ion formation. In general, for the duplex and microduplex stainless steels tested, nitrogen increased the general corrosion resistances in acid solution and pitting corrosion resistance at all solution pH. Metallographic observation in both tested duplex and microduplex steels after pitting corrosion at all tested pH revealed that, the corroded structure in the tested steels without nitrogen alloying was austenite, but those with nitrogen alloying was ferrite. Even though ferrite had a higher chromium content than austenite but higher dissolved nitrogen in austenite than in ferrite may have increased the pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) of austenite to be higher than that of ferrite.