Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance,health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

This article presents an outcome‐based ventilation (OBV) framework, which combines competing ventilation impacts into a monetized loss function ($/occ/h) used to inform ventilation rate decisions. The OBV framework, developed for U.S. offices, considers six outcomes of increasing ventilation: profitable outcomes realized from improvements in occupant work performance and sick leave absenteeism; health outcomes from occupant exposure to outdoor fine particles and ozone; and energy outcomes from electricity and natural gas usage. We used the literature to set low, medium, and high reference values for OBV loss function parameters, and evaluated the framework and outcome‐based ventilation rates using a simulated U.S. office stock dataset and a case study in New York City. With parameters for all outcomes set at medium values derived from literature‐based central estimates, higher ventilation rates’ profitable benefits dominated negative health and energy impacts, and the OBV framework suggested ventilation should be ≥45 L/s/occ, much higher than the baseline ~8.5 L/s/occ rate prescribed by ASHRAE 62.1. Only when combining very low parameter estimates for profitable impacts with very high ones for health and energy impacts were all outcomes on the same order. Even then, however, outcome‐based ventilation rates were often twice the baseline rate or more.     

社区游憩设施密度对居民BMI的影响研究

基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用描述性分析、Logistic回归模型,探究了社区游憩设施密度对居民BMI的影响。研究发现社区游憩设施密度对城乡居民的BMI存在影响差异,游憩设施中的健身设施密度的增加可以显著降低城市居民的超重或肥胖几率,而对乡村居民并无显著作用,影响乡村居民BMI的关键因素是其收入水平。城乡居民的健康意识以及经济发展水平差异,造成了个体健康方面的差异。研究结果将对我国城乡社区规划具有一定的指导意义。     

生物工程在食品领域的研究与应用进展

随着人民生活水平的改善，对食品品质的要求不断提升，食品产业必须引入先进技术和理念才能应对新时代的市场需求。生物工程作为食品产业的核心技术之一，对食品原料加工、食品添加剂开发、食品防腐技术革新等产生重大影响。随着“健康中国2030”计划的实施，生物工程将在食品领域中扮演更加重要的角色，作者针对近年来食品生物工程领域的研究进展进行综述，为相关产业升级提供借鉴。     

Characteristics and nutritional value of biscuits fortified with debittered salmon (Salmo salar) frame hydrolysate

Effect of debittered salmon frame hydrolysate (DSFH) at various levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/100 g) on physicochemical, textural, sensory and nutritional properties of biscuits was investigated. The highest thickness was obtained for the sample with 25 g/100 g DSFH (P < 0.05). There was no difference in diameter among all the biscuit samples (P > 0.05). The samples added with DSFH had lower weight, water activity and moisture content than the control (CONT, without DSFH) (P < 0.05). DSFH at 15 g/100 g showed no detrimental effect on sensory properties of resulting biscuits (DSFH-15). The DSFH-15 biscuit showed reduction in cutting force and fracturability. Scanning electron microscopic and cross-sectional images showed that DSFH-15 biscuit had more porous structure, compared to the CONT. The biscuits fortified with 15 g/100 g DSFH had higher protein but had lower energy value, fat and carbohydrate content than the CONT.     

老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径分析

被关闭的低效率老旧煤矿,作为很多退休煤矿职工的家庭所在地,依然担负着为其提供正常生活条件和养老功能的任务。为了营造煤炭企业退休职工适老环境,对老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径进行了探讨。在分析健康老龄化的普遍性问题后,从公共服务、卫生健康服务、认同感、原有养老模式等方面论述了老旧煤矿存在的具体问题;针对现状及问题,从理顺养老服务管理机制和合理确定具体任务目标两方面提出了对策与建议。     

The built environment,transportation policy,and population health: a comparison of two cities

This preliminary study assesses the relationship between active transportation, the built environment, and population perceived health in two comparable cities in the Southeastern United States at different stages of improving infrastructure for active commuting. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed for Charlotte, NC, and Jacksonville, FL. The annual difference between the percentage of Charlotte respondents rating physical health as good compared to Jacksonville’s increased at a rate of 13% based on an exponential growth regression model (p = 0.02). Supportive urban and transportation policies aimed at facilitating healthy behaviors are associated with healthier communities.     

Role of unfamiliarity and information on consumers’ willingness to try new healthy foods

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of type of unfamiliarity and information on willingness-to-try unfamiliar healthy native foods in males and females. Specifically, the intuition of “healthy = not tasty” is investigated by probing into the effect of high and low taste expectations in the presence and absence of information on health benefits. Defining Type of unfamiliarity of a dish based on its ingredient and format is a unique contribution of this research. This paper uses a 3 * 2 * 2 full factorial experimental design (Type of unfamiliarity * Health Benefits * Taste Expectations; n = 367). ANCOVA was performed to analyse the quantitative data. Findings suggest that the information on health benefits or taste expectations does not have a main effect on willingness to try a new healthy native food, in both males and females. Type of unfamiliarity does not matter for males but females consider it important to try a new food. Males may possibly be inclined towards choosing healthy foods that set high taste expectations; however, providing information on health benefits may lower their interest levels.     

新建筑的呼唤--绿色和人文及健康

通过对“绿色建筑”、“人文建筑”、“健康建筑”的概念、意义及具体做法的介绍,体现新建筑的三大需求,展望建筑业的发展方向,从而加快建筑业的发展进程。     

人·健康建筑·建筑材料

给出了健康建筑和有病建筑的定义，提出了健康建筑的标准、实施办法及应开展的几项工作。     

后疫情时代武汉住区绿地健康景观 调研及建设思考

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎疫情引发了人们对公共健康深层次的思考。为了解武汉市居民对住区绿地景观与公共健康关系的认识、疫情前后住区绿地使用变化,以及对住区绿地健康景观建设的建议,2020年7—8月课题组开展了针对上述问题的调研。筛选武汉市2020年2月居家隔离期间15个首批“高风险”小区作为样本,采用“线上问卷+线下观察访谈”相结合的调研方法,发现:1)疫情前后,针对居民使用住区绿地的“频率”和“时长”,选择“增加”与“减少”的人数相当,与“无变化”人数比例近3:3:4;2)超半数居民解封后在住区绿地停留15min以上;3)住区绿地健康景观提升主要依托“绿地植物应用”和“健身设施及场所建设”;4)居民相对更喜欢开花的园林植物,并表现出了较明确的关于植物颜色、香型等的偏好。建议住区绿地健康景观应“关注住区弱势群体”需求,增加居民“全健康”效益,鼓励公众参与。最后指出研究的不足,并提出住区绿地健康效益有待全社会的关注和智慧贡献。