一种水性多功能木材保护剂

分析了影响木材变色、腐烂的因素。介绍了一种水性多功能木材保护剂,具有成本低廉、施工简便的特点,能为木材提供防腐、防霉、抗黄变等多项保护。     

羊绒保护剂在白绒漂白中的应用研究

在碱性条件下,用双氧水对白绒进行漂白,并在漂白过程中加入羊绒保护剂,以改善漂白后羊绒纤维的性能。通过单因素试验,重点分析了白绒漂白过程中各助剂用量对漂白效果的影响,以漂白后纤维的白度、碱溶解度等指标来评价各因素对漂白效果的影响,得出白绒漂白的最优工艺为:双氧水70%(omf),氧化稳定剂25%(omf),羊绒保护剂4%(omf),氨水1%(omf),浴比1︰20,55℃,85 min。普通白绒的白度为48.73%,碱溶解度为12.35%,单纤维强力为4.96 c N,经上述工艺漂白后的白度为66.52%,碱溶解度为13.83%。     

Isofuranodiene-based nanoemulsion: larvicidal and adulticidal activity against tenebrionid beetles attacking stored wheat

The resistance of insect populations to the existing insecticides grows fast due to their continuous use. Thus, the need for new and effective formulations is increasing. Isolated compounds of botanical origin may represent a promising solution for green pest management strategies. In this study, isofuranodiene derived from Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae) essential oil (EO), was nanoemulsified (3% w/w) to treat wheat kernels with two concentrations (500 and 1000 ppm) against adults and larvae of three tenebrionid beetles attacking stored products, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, and the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. Mortality rates were calculated after 4, 8 and 16 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. The isofuranodiene-based nanoemulsion (NE) exhibited high adulticidal effects against T. molitor, and larvicidal activity against T. castaneum and T. confusum, reaching 98.6, 97.4 and 93.5% at 1000 ppm after 7 days of exposure, respectively. On the other hand, the NE caused low mortality rates on adults of T. castaneum and T. confusum, as well as on larvae of T. molitor, not exceeding 26.2, 10.0 and 15.6% at 1000 ppm, 7 days post-exposure, respectively. Overall, the 3% (w/w) isofuranodiene-based NE developed here has a significant potential to protect stored wheat from tenebrionid beetle infestations.     

面包酵母冻干粉保护剂筛选及其生物活性分析

目的:优化真空冷冻干燥过程中保护剂配方,得到发酵性能较好的面包酵母3G-28冻干粉。方法:在对脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、吐温?80、阿拉伯胶、β-环状糊精、甘油单因素实验基础上,采用响应面实验对复合冻干保护剂的配方进行了优化,并对酵母冻干粉的发酵力、海藻糖含量、蔗糖酶活力以及发酵液中的风味物质进行了研究。结果:各因素对面包酵母冻干粉活菌数量影响顺序为:甘油浓度 > 蔗糖浓度 > 脱脂奶粉浓度 > β-环状糊精浓度;最佳复合冻干保护剂的配方为:甘油4.7%,脱脂奶粉20%,β-环状糊精15%,蔗糖5%;面包酵母冻干粉活菌数量为36.89×109 个/mL。面包酵母3G-28冻干粉的发酵能力为214 mg/h/g干酵母,海藻糖含量为44.22 mg/g干酵母,蔗糖酶活力20.27 U/g干酵母,与市售酵母菌冻干粉和初始菌株酵母冻干粉相比表现出较高的生物活性。在风味物质方面,面包酵母3G-28冻干粉与其它两者相比醇类的含量最高,表现出了良好的实用性。结论:本文探讨了面包酵母3G-28冻干粉的最佳冻干保护剂配方,得到了生物活性较优的面包酵母冻干粉,在改善面包产品品质及微生物工业化应用中具有很好的前景。     

稻谷自然低温辅助通风保鲜技术的研究总论

稻谷自然低温辅助通风保鲜技术主要研究房式仓储存稻谷的通风降温系统,得出高效能、低能耗、低成本的配套设计参数,优选出适合我国储粮要求的几种风道。并采用通风防热保冷的低温技术和通风与保护剂相结合的防虫技术等有效措施,延缓储粮生化变化,以保持营养成分和新鲜度。     

用半衰期理论指导最佳保护剂及其施用剂量的选用

本文以谷物保护剂在储粮中降解而使药效降低的事实为议题,简要阐述了一级反应的半衰期理论及国外对这一理论的研究应用概况.笔者认为,结合我国不同地区的气候条件,借鉴于国外的研究成果,开展半衰期理论的研究与应用,是为今后指导选用最佳保护剂,确定其施用剂量、控制储粮条件的科学依据.     

苏云金杆菌可望作为粮食保护剂

本文叙述了苏云金杆菌的基本形态和杀虫机理,总结了苏云金杆菌的使用方法及应用范围,讨论了苏云金杆菌的稳定性及用于储粮害虫防治的可能性.     

枯草芽孢杆菌Prob1822复合抗热保护剂的研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）Prob1822为研究对象,以热诱激处理（55 ℃热处理10 min）稳定期菌体存活率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面法研究枯草芽孢杆菌Prob1822复合抗热保护剂的组成。结果表明,单一抗热保护剂以海藻糖、蔗糖及脱脂奶粉抗热保护效果较好;利用响应面法优化复合抗热保护剂配方为海藻糖9.0%、蔗糖5.0%和脱脂奶粉6.8%。在此最优条件下,菌体存活率为（95.24±0.84）%。糖类与蛋白质联用作为复合抗热保护剂比单一保护剂抗热保护效果更好,可减轻喷雾干燥对菌体亚细胞结构及生物大分子损伤,实现枯草芽孢杆菌的抗热保护。     

Spinosad: A new natural product for stored grain protection

Spinosad is a reduced-risk insecticide derived by fermentation from the soil actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz & Yao. Spinosad is currently registered in several countries as a grain protectant at a maximum labeled use rate of 1 ppm (1 mg a.i./kg of grain) and with the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) or tolerance on grains set at 1 or 1.5 ppm. Global launch of spinosad as a grain protectant is expected in the near future, pending final acceptance of international residue tolerances for spinosad by major grain importing and exporting countries. Spinosad effectively controls economically important beetle and moth pests associated with stored grain and is also effective against certain psocid species. Spinosad provides grain protection through control of adult and/or immature life stages of pest insects. The pest spectrum of spinosad under commercial grain storage conditions is still being defined, but it is clear from available laboratory and field evaluations on various grains that the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn); rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr); red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val; Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner); rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton); Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier); almond moth, Cadra cautella Walker; and the psocid species Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein and Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) are susceptible to spinosad and complete control is to be expected. Other pest species such as the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky; rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) are susceptible to spinosad to varying degrees, but their overall level of control remains to be verified under commercial grain storage conditions. Spinosad residues are highly stable on grains stored in bins, with a length of protection ranging from 6 months to 2 years. Numerous factors have been shown to impact the overall performance of spinosad, including insect pest species, pest life stage, grain type, grain variety, and formulation type. Spinosad possesses a unique mode of action in insects and controls insect strains resistant to other grain protectants. When launched globally, spinosad will represent a valuable new addition to the limited arsenal of grain protectants and can positively impact global food security. Its combination of high efficacy, broad insect pest spectrum, low mammalian toxicity, and sound environmental profile is unique among existing products currently used for stored-grain protection.     

深冷冻技术在益生菌生产中的应用

深冷冻主要是利用低温制冷剂(液氮、液态、CO2等)为冷却介质,通过热量的对流和传导使冻品快速冻结达到低温处理的目的。冻品以足够快的冷却速度实现玻璃态,从而降低菌体细胞损伤。在益生菌生产中,深度冷冻效果好、菌体失活少、生产效率高、设备投资维护费用低,优于传统的冷冻干燥。益生菌生产中主要利用颗粒滴冻式设备,比传统冷冻装置有更多优点。深冷冻过程中主要存在胞外冻结和胞内冻结伤害两方面,但结合使用合理的保护剂可以降低细胞伤害,保护剂分为渗透性和非渗透性两大类。