准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理

综合利用岩心、测井、烃源岩热解、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜与高压压汞等分析测试的结果，对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理进行了研究。结果表明：吉木萨尔凹陷咸化湖盆型沉积地层富含有机质，是烃源岩层也是储层，页岩油藏具有“源储一体”的地质特征，存在粉砂岩类与泥岩类和白云岩类与泥岩类两类岩性组合类型。芦草沟组大面积整体含油、“甜点”富集且原油成熟度较低。页岩油赋存岩石的润湿性为亲油性，生烃增压是页岩油运聚的主要动力。微纳米孔喉、层理缝与构造裂缝形成页岩油的有利储集空间与渗流通道。页岩油整体为源内或近源聚集，并以游离态和吸附态赋存于芦草沟组“甜点”段与泥页岩层段中。     

西藏水电开发是应对治理揠塞湖的重要举措

西藏区域地质构造发育,又属于高震区,在局部强降雨强降雪等恶劣小气候条件下,自然灾害频发,在高山深谷的江河上尤其容易发生堰塞湖。2018年10月17日凌晨5:00左右,西藏林芝加拉村下游约6km处(大峡谷核心区、无人区)雅鲁藏布江(以下简称“雅江”)左岸发生大规模泥石流,造成干流断流,形成影响很大的雅江加拉村堰塞湖。堰塞湖的治理一直是个世界难题,本文从2018年10月17日治理分析加拉堰塞湖的实践,阐述从水电开发角度,在灾害区上游建设高坝大库拦水调蓄,水库下游再采取截弯取直方式引走来水,作为防治雅江大峡谷河段今后可能出现大型堰塞湖重要治理手段,防止大型堰塞湖造成水淹城乡和溃堰水淹下游灾难的发生,从而达到既推进雅江水电开发,又较好治理了大峡谷河段自然灾害,实现把水电开发建成“功在当代,利在千秋”的减灾防灾工程。     

三塘湖盆地中—下侏罗统煤层甲烷风化带划分

以三塘湖盆地中、低煤阶煤层含气量和主要气体成分为基础,结合盆地构造、沉积及水文地质特征,对汉水泉凹陷和条湖凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了划分,并对库木苏凹陷、马朗凹陷、淖毛湖凹陷和苏鲁克凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了预测。结果表明,三塘湖盆地甲烷风化带深度为400~1000 m.由于受东北冲断隆起带的影响,三塘湖盆地北部甲烷风化带浅于南部。沉积方面,盆地东部淖毛湖凹陷、马朗凹陷和条湖凹陷深湖—半深湖和辫状河三角洲成煤环境优于盆地西部汉水泉凹陷和库木苏凹陷扇三角洲成煤环境,盆地东部甲烷风化带普遍浅于西部;水文地质方面,条湖凹陷和马朗凹陷中开启性局部滞留水文地质单元形成的甲烷风化带浅于其他凹陷封闭性弱径流水文地质单元的甲烷风化带。初步预测马朗凹陷北部为下一步煤层气勘探开发的优势区块,条湖凹陷北部为下一步煤系气勘探开发的优势区块。     

高泉背斜地层压力测井多参数综合解释与异常高压成因

目前国内外地层压力测井解释方法较多,但大多数方法基于欠压实沉积理论并局限于单一的地层岩性,尤其是针对盆地边缘山前深层构造,单一测井参数确定地层压力误差较大,且无法解释沉积压实机制以外的异常高压。为此,将多种异常高压机制相关的测井参数进行综合解释,建立适合山前复杂构造的地层压力测井多参数计算模型,评价准噶尔盆地南缘高泉背斜高探1井的地层压力剖面,其计算结果与钻井实测数据吻合,相对误差小于3.00%.同时,基于原始沉积加载—卸载过程力学原理,利用地层压力测井多参数分析判别出高泉背斜深层各层系异常高压的形成机制。     

苛化提纯盐湖锂矿回收含氟碳酸锂的研究

主要论述了一种提纯盐湖锂矿和回收含氟碳酸锂的方法。工艺流程：盐湖锂矿（含氟碳酸锂）通过一次水洗涤除去其中所含的大部分可溶性杂质后,按一定配比将其投入到石灰乳料浆中加热到90~95 ℃反应4 h,过滤后得到氢氧化锂溶液,将氢氧化锂溶液在100~120 ℃下进行加压浓缩4 h精制得到钙镁离子和硅含量较低的氢氧化锂溶液;向精制后的氢氧化锂溶液中通入食品级二氧化碳沉锂得到工业级碳酸锂,或继续浓缩制备氢氧化锂;用以上工艺生产得到的工业级碳酸锂通过二次碳化、阳离子交换树脂除去钙镁离子、重结晶可得到硅含量为10×10^-6以内的高纯碳酸锂,或浓缩得到钙含量为5×10^-6、镁含量为2×10^-6以内的单水氢氧化锂。     

大柳塔煤矿五盘区5-2煤层DDF2断层特征

大柳塔煤矿五盘区5-2煤层在三维地震资料解释中发现存在一条影响较大、伸展较远的断层（DDF2断层）横切5-2煤层。综合研究表明，DDF2断层为走向为东南—西北方向（111°～291°）、倾向为西南方向（201°）的高角度正断层。该断层为坳陷盆地形成后控制部分煤层沉积:在D306钻孔和D307钻孔所在区域形成时间较早，形成于5-2煤层沉积之后，结束于4-3煤层形成之后，控制5-2煤与4-3煤之间的地层沉积，为同沉积断层；该断层在D304钻孔和D305钻孔所在区域形成时间较晚，形成于4-2煤层沉积之后，结束于3-1煤层形成之后，局部控制4-2煤层与3-1煤层之间沉积，为准同生沉积断层。DDF2断层形成于东南方向，逐渐向西北方向迁移、加剧到最后尖灭。     

A comparative study of 3E (energy,exergy, and economy) analysis of various solar stills

In this paper, an experimental study of the conventional solar still (CSS), the conventional solar still with glass cooling (CSSGC), the conventional solar still with basin heating (CSSBH), and the conventional solar still with glass cooling and basin heating (CSSGCBH) was carried out on the basis of the distilled water production, the energy efficiency (EnE), the exergy efficiency (ExE), and economic analysis. The CSSGC and CSSBH contain Peltier modules for cooling the glass and heating the basin. The evaporative heat transfer coefficient for all the experimental stills was calculated. The values of daily distilled water production from the CSSGCBH, CSSBH, CSSGC, and CSS were 4.56, 3.79, 2.49, and 1.89 kg/m², respectively. The daily distilled yield of the CSSBH and CSSGCBH were increased by 58.55% and 50.13%, respectively, as compared with the CSS. Moreover, the daily EnE and ExE of the CSSGCBH were 27.03% and 3.5%, respectively, whereas the EnE and ExE of the CSS were 10.88% and 1.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the cost of distilled water production was found to be 0.26, 0.35, 0.53, and 0.64 $/day for the CSS, CSSGC, CSSBH, and CSSGCBH, respectively, if the selling price of the distilled water was Rs10.     

3D-modelling of Lake Kivu: Horizontal and vertical flow and temperature structure under spatially variable atmospheric forcing

With the increasing extraction of methane from Lake Kivu, there is a growing need to evaluate the effect of such operations on the lake’s permanent density stratification. This requires understanding of the spatial structure and variability of flow velocities and constituents in Lake Kivu. In this study, we develop a 3D hydrodynamic model of Lake Kivu, set-up within DELFT3D at a 750 m grid spacing and forced by COSMO-CLM atmosphere model results at a 2.8 km grid spacing. Validation shows that the model correctly reproduces the generation and breakdown of the temperature stratification in the upper mixed layer and predicts flow velocity magnitudes and directions similar to measurements both at the surface and at greater depth. Analysis of currents reveals a surface current pattern with two clockwise circulations, one around the whole lake and a smaller one in the northern part, with velocities around 0.1 m/s. This pattern is consistently present over an (ensemble-)averaged day, both in the wet and in the dry season, while day-by-day variations are large. Time-averaged deep currents are found to be a few mm/s at maximum. However, the variations can be substantial, with standard deviations up to 2 cm/s for the currents at 220 m depth, attributed to internal seiches. The temperature stratification, present during the entire wet season, is found to first break down in the dry season in the southern part of the lake. This is explained by the spatial differences in the wind stress and the evaporation heat fluxes during the dry season.     

金沙江上游水电站应对白格堰塞湖灾害的措施及经验

2018年10月、11月,西藏自治区昌都市江达县白格村两次发生山体滑坡造成金沙江断流并形成白格堰塞湖,给金沙江上游沿岸人民生产生活设施造成巨大安全威胁和超过百亿元的经济损失。华电金沙江上游水电开发有限公司组织所属企业及参建单位快速应对,采取撤离避让、工程防护、人工干预、生产恢复,推动后续处置、风险评估等措施,最大限度减轻了对金沙江上游叶巴滩、拉哇、巴塘、苏洼龙等在建水电站的灾害损失和后续影响,为类似灾害的处置提供借鉴经验。