Li、Na、K基蒙脱石的基因特性与其水化膨胀特性的关系

为了研究 Li，Na，K 基蒙脱石的基因特性对水化膨胀特性的影响，采用氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾对离心提纯后的怀俄明型钠基蒙脱石进行改型处理，制备出 Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石样品，并进行了水化膨胀试验，之后采用 ICP、FTIR、XRD、NMR 等方法分析了 Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石的元素含量、官能团种类、水化膨胀状态下层间距变化及水分赋存状态。结果表明，Li 基蒙脱石的羟基伸缩振动峰和羟基弯曲振动峰强度高于 Na 基和 K 基蒙脱石，改型蒙脱石的水化膨胀能力由强到弱排序为：Li 基＞Na 基＞K 基，Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石在水化膨胀状态下均有结合水和自由水 2 种水分，含水量排序为：Li 基＞Na 基＞K 基，水化膨胀后 Li 基蒙脱石的层间距增加最多，K 基蒙脱石的层间距增加最少。研究结论为揭示蒙脱石的结构内水赋存机理和综合利用提供了重要的理论基础。     

A density functional theory study on the interaction between UO_2~(2+) and the carbamoylphosphoramidic acid ligand for uranium extraction from seawater

Phosphorylurea molecules, which contain both phosphoryl and carbonyl groups, are considered efficient extractants for UO_2~(2+). This study aims to explain the complexation of UO_2~(2+)with carbamoylphosphoramidic acid(CPO), a simple model for phosphorylurea, for ligand design for uranium recovery from seawater using density functional theory calculations, natural bond order analysis,and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The results showed that, when CPO acts as a monodentate ligand, the affinity of phosphoryl for UO_2~(2+)is stronger than that of carbonyl, and CPO coordinates with UO_2~(2+)through the phosphoryl oxygen atom. When CPO serves as a bidentate ligand, both the phosphoryl and carbonyl oxygen atoms connect to UO_2~(2+), and the U–O(carbonyl) bond plays a more important role than the U–O(phosphoryl) bond in the interaction between UO_2~(2+)and CPO. This paradox may be caused by the significant charge transfer from the U–O(carbonyl) p bond orbital to the C–N σ antibond orbital of the bidentate CPO. The NH spacer between the phosphoryl and carbonyl groups could ensure the delocalization of the electron system of the molecule. The bidentate binding motif is favored by entropy and opposed by enthalpy, while the monodentate binding motif is favored by enthalpy and opposed by entropy. Ultimately, the bidentate binding motif is more favorable than the monodentate one. As expected, the interaction between UO_2~(2+)and the deprotonated CPO is stronger than that between UO_2~(2+)and the neutral CPO. Comparing the interaction between UO_2~(2+)and CPO with that between UO_2~(2+)and Nphenylcarbamoylphosphoramidic acid(Ph CPO), formed by replacing one hydrogen atom from the terminal nitrogen atom of CPO with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituent at the terminal nitrogen atom of Ph CPO shows a slightly negative effect on the interaction between UO_2~(2+)and Ph CPO.     

频谱分析中的微分法与微分方程法

本文讨论了应用于傅里叶变换的微分性质的隐含假设,并叙述了信号不满足隐含假设时的修正方法。本文还给出了作为信号生成系统的微分方程描述,它使信号谱成为其生成系统的频率传递函数,指出了微分方程法的隐含假设。最后还给出了信号违反此假设时进行修正的方法。     

溶蚀下碱溶液在多孔介质中的传质规律研究

将溶蚀反应的溶蚀速率常数和多级反应级数引入到碱溶液传输方程中,建立了碱溶液在地层矿物多孔介质中含多级反应动力学的传输方程,并计算了碱溶液在地层矿物中一维浓度的分布.结果表明,物理模拟和数值模拟的一致性较好.该计算方法可以用作碱溶液传输过程的机理分析和实际驱替过程的模拟.分析了影响碱溶液在地层多孔介质中浓度分布的因素,如吸附、扩散系数、注入量、驱替速度和溶蚀等.该模型可用于预测碱耗、优化碱溶液浓度和注入量等参数,改善碱水驱或含碱复合驱的驱油效果,提高地层原油采收率.图5表1参16     

时栅传感器在铣床数控改造中的应用

为了实现对普通铣床的数控化改造,采用时栅传感器作为位置反馈传感器,通过以ARM为微处理器的嵌入式系统实现对铣床的运动轴进行闭环控制.并为铣床的工作台增加了一个内部安装有圆时栅的数控转台.论文介绍了改造过程以及利用数控转台加工直线、圆弧和椭圆的方法,并对其加工误差进行了分析.实践证明,改造后的铣床数控系统不仅提高了加工精度和效率,而且还提高了加工的灵活性.新型的时栅传感器为企业技术改造和数控加工系统的生产提供了一种高精度、低成本的解决途径.     

电站锅炉构架现场加固的几个问题

本文针对电站锅炉构架的实际情况 ,对其中的一些问题进行具体的说明 ,可供锅炉制造厂和电厂的有关人员参考。在计算方法上不是采用现行《钢结构设计规范》中的极限状态设计法及其较繁的计算公式 ,而是采用锅炉行业过去习惯采用的许用应力设计法及其较简单的计算公式。许用应力对材料的最小屈服点大约有 1 5或者以上的安全系数     

An open trial of lisinopril (''ZESTRIL'') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria

The concept of transcultural nursing is relatively new to the nursing literature. It had been less than 30 years since Madeleine Leininger first began to develop a theory of transcultural nursing as part of a doctoral study in anthropology. Much has changed in that time, and nursing staff development and inservice educators need to provide educational offerings within a multicultural context in a timely manner. Cultural diversity is the standard in the mid-1990s, and those nursing staff development programs that are sensitive to this fact produce employees with advantages over those from settings that do not prepare staff for practice in a constantly changing world. This annotated bibliography about transcultural nursing details key references for staff development and inservice programs. It is not intended as an exhaustive review but rather focuses on the most relevant, timely, and useful of the ever increasing number of publications concerning this important subject. Six major books and four of the most pertinent recent journal articles are included. Conclusions and implications for nursing staff educators are offered.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations on Multiphase Flow in Mechanically Agitated Seed Precipitation Tank

The large-scale mechanically agitated tank has been widely used in the decomposition process of sodium aluminate solution in the alumina industry. The mixing process in three types of seed precipitation tanks (Robin, Ekato, and improved Ekato) stirred with multiple impellers was compared by using computational fluid dynamics, respectively. The flow field, solid distribution, mixing time, and power consumption were numerically simulated by adopting a Eulerian granular multiphase model and a standard k-ε turbulence model. A steady multiple reference frame approach was used to represent impeller rotation. Compared with the Robin tank, the Ekato tank can generate an axial circulation loop, which is better for fluid mixing and solid suspension; meanwhile about half of the power can be saved. With future improvements in the Ekato tank, the fluid mixing and exchanging can be enhanced under the interaction of a lengthened Intermig impeller coupled with sloped baffles. With a little increase in power consumption, the maximum of the relative solid concentration difference in the whole tank can be maintained within 3%, which meets the design requirement.     

Degradation of lead-contaminated lignocellulosic waste by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the reduction of lead toxicity

Lead, as one of the most hazardous heavy metals to the environment interferes with lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion and carbon cycles in nature. The degradation of lead-polluted lignocellulosic waste and the restrain of lead hazards by solid-state fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied. Phanerochaete chrysosporium effectively degraded lignocellulose, formed humus and reduced active lead ions, even at the concentration of 400 mg/kg dry mass of lead. The highest lignocellulose degradation (56.8%) and organic matter loss (64.0%) were found at the concentration of 30 mg/kg of lead, and at low concentration of lead the capability of selective lignin biodegradation was enhanced. Microbial growth was delayed in polluted substrate at the initial stage of fermentation, and organic matter loss is correlated positively with microbial biomass after 12 day fermentation. It might be because Phanerochaete chrysosporium developed active defense mechanism to alleviate the lead toxicity. Scanning electron micrographs with energy spectra showed that lead was immobilized via two possible routes: adsorption and cation exchange on hypha, and the chelation by fungal metabolite. The present findings will improve the understandings about the degradation process and the lead immobilization pathway, which could be used as references for developing a fungi-based treatment technology for metal-contaminated lignocellulosic waste.     

沃金黑牛母牛与阉公牛牛肉品质比较及影响因素分析

目的 对比沃金黑牛母牛与阉公牛牛肉品质, 分析其影响因素。方法 随机选取18头健康、无病、发育正常的30个月龄沃金黑牛(母牛9头, 阉公牛9头)为研究对象, 测定其背最长肌的水分、粗蛋白、肌内脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸、质构特性, 并基于主成分分析考察影响沃金黑牛肉肉质的因素。结果 母牛和阉公牛牛肉的水分、粗蛋白、肌内脂肪以及各氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。母牛牛肉必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)/总氨基酸(total amino acid, TAA)为39.74%, 阉公牛EAA/TAA为39.83%, 符合联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)的理想模式。母牛和阉公牛牛肉氨基酸评分(amino acid score, AAS)接近1, 化学评分(chemical score, CS)与标准蛋白的组成还有一定差距。母牛牛肉单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA)含量极显著低于阉公牛(P<0.01), 而多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)含量显著高于阉公牛(P<0.05)。母牛牛肉MUFA:饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid, SFA)极显著低于阉公牛(P<0.05), PUFA:SFA显著高于阉公牛(P<0.05)。母牛和阉公牛各质构指标均无显著差异, 咀嚼度、黏性、硬度、黏合力为影响肉质的主要因素, 且质构指标优先性强于营养指标。结论 阉公牛脂肪酸含量与母牛差异显著, 水分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、氨基酸含量与组成、质构指标之间差异均不显著。质构指标比营养指标更能影响沃金黑牛肉的品质。