煤泥燃烧过程中汞的迁移行为研究

采用在线汞测试方法，以山西省低热值煤电厂中掺烧的煤泥为研究对象，利用实验室小型流化床，研究煤泥中汞的热转化行为差异及共性特征、影响煤泥热转化过程中汞迁移的关键因素，以揭示煤泥热转化过程中汞污染物的迁移机理。结果表明，同一种煤泥，相同气氛，800、900、1 000 ℃下，燃烧温度对煤泥中的汞的释放比例没有变化；相同温度，汞的释放比例为氮气>空气>氧气。3种煤泥在相同燃烧条件下，汞的释放特征相似，元素汞的释放量和释放比例差异较大。释放量与煤泥中的汞含量正相关，释放比例与煤泥中汞的赋存形态有一定关系。     

A thermoelectric generator comprising selenium-doped bismuth telluride on flexible carbon cloth with n-type thermoelectric properties

Carbon cloth was used as a flexible substrate for bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) particles to provide flexibility and improve the overall thermoelectric performance. Bi₂Te₃ on carbon cloth (Bi₂Te₃/CC) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction with various reaction times. After over 12 h, the Bi₂Te₃ particles showed a clear hexagonal shape and were evenly adhered to the carbon cloth. Selenium (Se) atoms were doped into the Bi₂Te₃ structure to improve its thermoelectric performance. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing Se-dopant content until 40% Se was added. Moreover, the maximum power factor was 1300 μW/mK² at 473 K for the 30% Se-doped sample. The carbon cloth substrate maintained its electrical resistivity and flexibility after 2000 bending cycles. A flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) fabricated using the five pairs of 30% Se-doped sample showed an open-circuit voltage of 17.4 mV and maximum power output of 850 nW at temperature difference ΔT = 30 K. This work offers a promising approach for providing flexibility and improving the thermoelectric performance of inorganic thermoelectric materials for wearable device applications using flexible carbon cloth substrate for low temperature range application.     

Essential (Mg,Fe, Zn and Cu) and Non-Essential (Cd and Pb) Elements in Predatory Insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): A Molecular Perspective

The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.     

载气热提取法测定熔敷金属中扩散氢收集条件的探究

探究了GB/T 3965—2012《熔敷金属中扩散氢测定方法》中载气热提取法收集条件对测定扩散氢含量的影响,并与水银法进行了对比。研究结果表明,样本炉温设定为400℃,A型试块的内部温度大约在51 min时稳定在358℃左右,B型试块内部温度大约在27 min时稳定在391℃左右;载气热提取法电信号曲线收集结束点的电信号及斜率均接近0时获得的结果与水银法具有较好的一致性。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定辣椒镉含量中不确定度的评估

摘要：目的 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定辣椒中镉（Cd）含量，及评估测定过程产生的不确定度，以提高定量分析结果的可靠性。方法 建立数学模型，分析识别试样称量、试样定容、标准物质、标准溶液的配制、标准曲线的拟合、重复测量、回收试验等不确定度来源，量化各不确定度分量，计算合成标准不确定度。结果 辣椒中镉含量不确定度测定结果为：。结论 测定过程不确定度主要来源于标准溶液配制和标准曲线拟合。电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定辣椒中镉含量准确度高，重复性好，建立的不确定度评估能保证分析结果的质量。     

Reduced texaphyrin: A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin, texaphyrin. Upon metal complexation, a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to green. Although long employed for synthesis in organic media, we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous media. Exposure to In(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 min. This process is selective for Hg(II) under conditions of competitive analysis. Furthermore, among the subset of response-producing cations, In(III) proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features, including an overall increase in intensity. The cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents, where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be prepared. The formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.     

茶多酚对急性镉(Ⅱ)暴露小鼠红细胞及肝脏损伤的拮抗作用

目的:旨在评价茶多酚(TP)对CdCl2诱导的小鼠急性红细胞损伤及肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法:以8周龄昆明小鼠为研究对象,首先通过单次腹腔注射CdCl2(30μmol/L Cd2+/kg)溶液建立急性镉暴露小鼠损伤模型,后续用TP(100 mg/kg)腹腔注射5 d进行干预。检测小鼠红细胞渗透脆性、红细胞形态、血液及肝脏中Cd(Ⅱ)水平。测定小鼠血清中转氨酶酶活,肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA),并进行肝脏病理切片的组织学检验。结果:与空白对照组相比,急性镉暴露后导致小鼠肝脏和血液中的镉元素含量、血清转氨酶活性和红细胞渗透脆性的显著增加,以及内源性抗氧化酶活性显著降低。然而,在急性镉暴露后用TP处理小鼠可减轻CdCl2的氧化损伤,维持红细胞细胞膜,显著提高抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性,降低MDA水平,防止肝细胞组织形态学的改变。结论:TP不仅与Cd螯合,而且发挥抗氧化作用来减弱CdCl2对小鼠红细胞及肝脏组织的损伤。TP的摄入会降低Cd对血液系统和肝脏组织的损伤。     

UV/TiO_2光催化氧化工艺脱汞的试验研究

UV/TiO_2光催化技术在TiO_2催化剂的作用下可将烟气中Hg~0氧化脱除。利用自制的UV/TiO_2氧化试验台研究了影响Hg~0去除率的相关因素,结果表明,在无催化剂和有紫外灯情况下可脱除少量Hg~0;Hg~0去除率随催化剂活性组分含量的增加而上升,但上升速率逐渐下降;在温度(50～200)℃范围内,Hg~0去除率无明显变化;Hg~0去除率随着Hg~0初始浓度的升高逐渐下降;Hg~0去除率随着烟气中氧含量先上升后趋于不变。UV/TiO_2氧化工艺脱汞可为燃煤电厂烟气脱汞提供理论指导。     

秦皇岛海域食用贝类重金属污染情况分析

为了解秦皇岛海域食用贝类中重金属的污染水平及其存在的健康风险。采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定了该地区15种常见贝类肌肉和内脏中As(无机砷和总砷)、Pb(铅)、Cr(铬)、Cd(镉)、Hg(甲基汞)的含量,并采用污染指数法、系统聚类法评价了各重金属的污染特征和分类。结果表明:海虹(贻贝,Mytilus edulis)、栉孔贝(Chlamys farreri)、生蚝(Ostrea gigas thunberg)和毛蚶子(Scapharca subcrenata)等的重金属综合污染(MPI)较高。根据NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准进行重金属评价。秦皇岛海域食用贝类六种重金属含量最高为Cd,均值为1.129 mg/kg,超出NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准,污染较严重,总As和无机As均值分别为0.161、0.021 mg/kg。Cr和Hg均值分别为0.107和0.013 mg/kg,均未受污染,Pb均值为0.188 mg/kg,污染较轻。但部分贝类Cd污染比较严重。其中内脏污染比肌肉部分严重,尤其是大小海螺(Busycon canaliculatu)。因此,需进一步研究秦皇岛海域可食用贝类中Pb和Cd的污染来源并进行有效防治。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鱼肉中甲基汞、乙基汞含量的不确定度评定

目的 评定采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(High performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, HPLC-ICP-MS)法检测鱼肉中甲基汞、乙基汞含量的不确定度。方法 分析整个检测过程中存在的不确定度因素，建立数学模型，分别从称样量、稀释体积、标准溶液、标准曲线拟合以及方法回收率等几个方面进行分析，对测量结果的不确定度进行评定。结果 影响测量结果的不确定度主要来源于样品前处理和标准曲线拟合。鱼肉样品中结果表示分别为：甲基汞含量（0.48±0.046） mg/kg；乙基汞含量为（0.34±0.051） mg/kg, k=2。结论 该方法准确度高，适用于鱼肉中甲基汞、乙基汞的检测，为提高数据准确性提供有效指导。