基于移动窗口法的城市遥感生态质量评价研究

为进一步提高城市生态监测的精确度，在前人开展的城市生态遥感监测研究的基础上引入“区域尺度”的概念，充分考虑小区域范围内不同地物间的交互作用，并利用移动窗口模型(Moving Window-Remote Sensing Ecology Index, MW-RSEI)对沈阳市浑南区的遥感影像进行逐像元分析。实验结果表明，MW-RSEI模型和生态遥感监测模型（Remote Sensing Ecology Index, RSEI)在整体生态评价趋势上表现出一致性。但MW-RSEI模型对城市生态中的细节区域表征更明显。考虑到建筑及裸地周围植被的影响，其较差生态区域的占比仅为6%，生态评价为优的区域占比为11%。研究区生态评价结果表现得较为连续，并未出现明显的断层现象。该结果具有现实意义且与实际生态分布更为符合。MW-RSEI模型在城市生态监测中更为适用，可为相关部门提供一定的技术参考。     

Novel energy-saving window coating based on F doped TiO2 nanocrystals with enhanced NIR shielding performance

To reduce the energy consumption of cooling in the hot summer days, searching for novel NIR shielding materials for buildings is of great value. In this report, monodispersed F doped TiO₂ nanocrystals with an average size of 8.6 nm were synthesized as novel solar shielding materials for energy-saving windows. All the products adopted an anatase TiO₂ structure. After doping of F ions, the morphology of TiO₂ was transformed from an irregular shape to a pseudospherical shape. The Raman shift and XPS depth analysis confirmed the successful doping of F⁻ ions into the lattice oxygen sites in the TiO₂ structure. The introduction of F⁻ ions generated free electrons and bulk Ti³⁺ in TiO₂ crystals, which activated a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption in the NIR region. Correspondingly, the NIR shielding performance of the TiO₂ films improved with increasing F doping amounts. The NIR shielding value of the films increased from 1.3% to 43.2% when the molar ratio of F to Ti increased from 0 to 0.3. The reason can be attributed to the enhanced NIR absorption induced by the increased electron concentration after doping of fluorine ions. The F–TiO₂ films showed superior visible transmittance (90.1–96.7%). Moreover, the F–TiO₂ films lowered the indoor temperature of the heat box by 5.3 °C in the thermal tests. Overall, the prepared F–TiO₂ nanocrystals show a great potential to be used for energy-saving windows.     

基于LBT-SA的LoRaWAN信道接入方法研究

标准LoRaWAN协议中定义的纯ALOHA信道接入方法在网络负载较大时会造成大量碰撞，使LoRa网络的可扩展性和可靠性受到极大挑战。为此提出了一种将先听后说与模拟退火相结合（Listen Before Talk combined with Simulated Annealing，LBT-SA）的LoRa信道接入方法。该方法通过在设备发送之前先监听信道，降低信道被同时接入的概率，并以成功传输所需退避时间为初始值，搜索更小的退避时间。仿真结果表明，LBT-SA和基于二元指数退避算法的先听后说（Listen Before Talk，LBT）方法在包成功传输率方面保持了高度的一致，并且LBT-SA在周期传输过程中逐渐减少了不必要的退避时间，从而减少了时延。在多达10 000个终端接入单个网关的场景中，该算法的平均退避时间至少降低了16.38%。     

Window Detection in Facades Using Heatmap Fusion

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Window detection is a key component in many graphics and vision applications related to 3D city modeling and scene visualization. We present a novel...     

Greatly improved NIR shielding performance of CuS nanocrystals by gallium doping for energy efficient window

In this work, gallium doped copper sulfide (Ga-doped CuS) nanocrystals were prepared using a solvothermal method. The effects of Ga doping on the crystal structures, chemical composition, morphology, optical properties and thermal performance of copper sulfide (CuS) were investigated. The Ga-doped CuS nanocrystals had a hexagonal structure comparable to that of pure CuS. The Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ ratio first decreased and then increased with increasing Ga³⁺ doping. Both CuS and Ga-doped CuS exhibited nanoplate and nanorod morphologies. The visible transmittance of the Ga-doped CuS films was in the range of 61–77.1%. Importantly, the near-infrared (NIR) shielding performance of the films can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of the Ga dopant. The NIR shielding value of the optimal Ga-doped CuS film was 72.4%, which was approximately 1.5 times as high as that of the pure CuS film. This can be ascribed to the enhanced plasmonic NIR absorption that resulted from an increase in the hole concentration after doping with Ga³⁺ ions. In the thermal performance test, the Ga-doped CuS film lowered the interior temperature of the heat box by 9.1 °C. Therefore, the integration of good visible transmittance and high NIR shielding performance make the Ga-doped CuS nanocrystals a promising candidate for energy-efficient window coatings.     

Modeling occupant behavior of the manual control of windows in residential buildings

Window opening and closing is the most preferred behavior for occupants to control their indoor environment in homes. This study aims to identify driving forces for window opening and closing behavior in the home. The additional field survey was carried out for the cooling period after following the previous study. The state of windows and environmental variables for outdoor and indoor were continuously monitored in 23 sample homes over one year. The monitored data provide evidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between window opening behavior and outdoor temperature. The behavior of the occupant's manual control of windows can be described by seasonal effects, occupancy, and time of day. Indoor stimuli, such as such as temperature, humidity, and CO₂, can better account for the window opening behavior than can outdoor stimuli. There are clear differences in driving variables between window opening and closing behavior. The closing behavior is better described when the outdoor and indoor variables are combined. Finally, multivariate logistic regression models were developed to predict typical patterns of window opening and closing as a function of indoor and outdoor variables.     

严寒地区SiO2气凝胶玻璃窗传热分析

建立了二氧化硅(SiO_2)气凝胶中空玻璃窗传热数值模型,采用有限体积法分析了二氧化硅气凝胶厚度和位置对严寒地区玻璃窗传热的影响。结果表明:二氧化硅气凝胶厚度增加,能够提高玻璃窗内表面温度,降低其热流密度。二氧化硅气凝胶厚度为20 mm时,玻璃窗内表面热流密度为67.5 W/m~2。二氧化硅气凝胶位于室内侧能够更有效地减少建筑能耗,其总能耗为60 120 W。     

一种改进的合成流量法及其在水文预报中的应用

合成流量法对下游站流量作出预报的关键是确定各上游站流量到达下游站的时间。在实际中常采用平均传播时间,然而不同水情下真实传播时间与平均传播时间存在一定的差距,影响预报精度。对此,提出时间窗口概念,以平均传播时间为中心,向前、后各开一个时间窗口,用上游各站时间窗口内流量的线性组合表示其到达下游站的流量,以提高模型对不同水情的适应能力和预报精度。以三峡水库2009~2015年流量数据率定参数,以2016~2018年流量数据作为预报对象,试验结果表明时间窗口法能够显著改善预报精度。     

超级电容器用solvent-in-salt型电解液的研究进展

Solvent-in-salt (SIS)型电解液作为一类新型超浓缩电解液，主要由水或者有机溶剂和易溶盐组成，具有溶液溶剂化程度小、自由溶剂分子少、电化学窗口宽、电化学稳定性高等特点，在超级电容器中显示了独特的优势并展现了良好的应用前景。本文重点综述了SIS型电解液的原理和优势，梳理了近年来SIS作为超级电容器电解液的研究进展，总结了其存在的问题，同时展望了SIS型电解液未来的发展方向。     

Root cause analysis of the fracture of a sonar window caused by hydrostatic,hydrodynamic, and transient forces around a ship

Sonar systems are installed in naval vessels to inspect objects in the sea. When the system is installed at the bulbous bow of the ship, it can be vulnerable to fractures in rough seas due to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, such as fluid-induced forces, and transient forces, such as slamming and collision with submerged foreign objects. In this paper, root causes analysis (RCA) of the fracture of a sonar window of a typical naval vessel was performed. To identify the root causes of the fracture, a numerical analysis was performed of the stress distribution on a sonar window under various extreme conditions. The results of the analysis, together with hypotheses of the causes of the fracture, are presented. The results of the analysis were verified by measuring the stress on the sonar window under typical sailing conditions of ships. The RCA demonstrated that buckling in response to the hydrostatic forces applied under the typical operating conditions of a water management system (WMS), in addition to excessive slamming, can cause a sonar window to fracture. Based on this RCA, corrective actions to prevent sonar window fractures include changing the material of the window and the operating conditions of the WMS.