Influences of the inner diameter of the solid shielding tube on the characteristics of the radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet

Active control of the local environment of the cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet is of great importance in actual applications since the CAP operates in an open atmosphere with the inevitable entrainment of the surrounding cold air. In this paper, the solid shielding effects of the cylindrical quartz tubes with different inner diameters on the characteristics of the CAP jets driven by a radio-frequency (RF) power supply are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the total length of the shielded plasma jet can be increased significantly by an appropriate combination of the quartz tube inner diameter and that of the plasma generator nozzle exit with other parameters being unchanged. This phenomenon may be qualitatively attributed to the loss of diffusion of the charged particles in the radial direction under different inner diameters of the quartz tubes. Compared with the plasma free jet, the plasma shielding jet is produced with optimized parameters including longer plasma jet length, higher concentrations of chemically reactive species, higher rotational, vibrational, and electron excitation temperatures when the inner diameters of the solid shielding tube and the generator nozzle exit are the same. A maximum plasma jet length of 52.0 cm is obtained in contrast to that of 5.0 cm of the plasma free jet in this study. The experimental results indicate that the solid shielding effect provides a new method for the active control of the local environment of the RF-CAP jet operating in an open atmosphere.     

新型卡板式外径千分表的设计应用

针对机车牵引电机转轴磨削测量中,对转轴轴承位尺寸超差的原因进行分析,设计制作机车牵引电机转轴新型卡板式外径千分表(实用新型:ZL201420477030.7)。实际应用表明,新型卡板式外径千分表保证了牵引电机转轴轴承位的磨削尺寸,避免了转轴轴承位尺寸超差现象,解决了机车牵引电机转轴轴承位磨削测量的工艺、质量问题。     

动态结冰孔隙结构三维建模方法

动态结冰内部呈现多孔结构特点，这一微观孔隙结构是影响其宏观物性的关键因素，然而传统方法难以对三维孔隙结构进行定量表征。为了客观刻画结冰微观结构特征，提出了基于结冰二维图像定量信息的三维微观结构建模方法。首先，研究并确定了真实结冰尺寸与建模区域之间的比例关系，分析比例尺对分辨率和建模的影响；其次，结合二维孔隙率和孔径分布函数，提出了三维孔隙数量及其孔径的推导方法，并给定了孔隙位置随机生成方法；基于此，最终建立了以0-1矩阵形式表征结冰三维微观孔隙结构的方法。实验表明，所生成三维结冰模型的二维孔隙定量信息与实验结果吻合度较高，建模方法准确可行，为动态结冰三维刻画、微观特征参数提取和相关微观仿真模拟提供了新途径。     

Reducing treatment zone diameter in orthokeratology and its effect on peripheral ocular refraction

PurposeTo determine whether orthokeratology (OK) induced treatment zone (TZ) diameter can be reduced by altering OK lens design, and if so the impact of modifying TZ diameter on relative peripheral refraction (RPR).Methods16 subjects (mean age 23.4 ± 1.5 years; 8 female) completed the study. Standard (Control) OK lens design (PJ, Capricornia, Australia) or a modified version (Test) where the back optic zone diameter was reduced, and back optic zone asphericity and intermediate lens curves were altered, were worn overnight only for 7-nights in a randomised double masked order, with a minimum 1-week wash out (no lens wear) between lens designs. Full correction of refractive error was targeted. Refraction; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); RPR (Shin-Nippon NVision-k 5001) along the horizontal and vertical meridians; and corneal topography (Medmont E300) were measured before starting lens wear and in the morning after lens removal after the seventh night of lens wear for both lens designs. TZ diameter and decentration was calculated from corneal topography.ResultsAfter 7-nights of wear both lens designs created -2.00D refraction effect with no significant difference in refractive effect or change to BCVA between the designs. The Test design created a significantly smaller horizontal (4.78 ± 0.37 vs 5.70 ± 0.37 mm, p < 0.001) and vertical (5.09 ± 0.51 vs 5.92 ± 0.51 mm p < 0.001) TZ diameter. The TZ was decentered inferior temporal with no significant difference between designs. There was no significant difference between the lens designs in RPR along the horizontal and vertical meridians at any measurement period.ConclusionsOK induced TZ diameter can be reliably reduced by altering OK lens design without detrimentally effecting lens centration or refractive effect. Reducing TZ diameter did not alter RPR, though measurement artifacts could be responsible for masking an effect. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether smaller TZ OK lens designs increase efficacy for slowing progression of myopia.     

Study on the relationship between the particle size distribution and the effectiveness of the K‐powder fire extinguishing agent

The relationship between the particle size distribution and the extinguishing effectiveness of the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent has been studied experimentally, to explore the reason of the great extinguishing efficiency exhibited by the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent on Class B fire (liquid fuel fire). The results of the experiment showed that the extinguishing effectiveness increased along with the decrease of the particle size distribution. In addition, a sharp discontinuity appeared around the limiting size, about 40 μm. The powder with the particle size below 40 μm exhibited highly effective extinguishing with the minimum effective extinguishing concentration C_xr = 23 g·m^?3, while the powder with the particle size above 40 μm exhibited little fire extinguishing efficiency. Compared with other fire extinguishing agents produced by different substances, the new K‐powder fire extinguishing has the bigger limiting size. That means, in the same particle size distribution, the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent contains more highly effective powder than others contain, and is more effective.     

浅析火力发电厂汽水系统中内径管与外径管的设计选择

按照管道加工工艺的不同,管道可分为内径控制管和外径控制管。通过热轧工艺生产的外径控制无缝钢管,可满足火力发电厂汽水系统中绝大部分管道的使用要求。对于超(超)临界机组的主蒸汽和高温再热蒸汽管道采用的P91/P92材质的大口径厚壁无缝钢管,由于对材料性能和加工工艺有特殊要求,因此宜采用内径控制管。     

大直径平底负压容器优化设计

通过对大直径平底负压容器平底板的设计计算,平底板计算厚度很厚。通过分析,提出了对平底板采取加强措施,从而减薄平底板计算厚度的方法。该容器在实际生产过程中性能可靠、稳定,对类似设备设计具有借鉴意义。     

大口径管道直管段制作技术应用

针对大口径管道施工过程中存在施工周期长,施工难度大,工程成本高等问题,提出一种新型优化管段分段技术和管段组对方案。结果表明:该制作技术能保证大口管道安装施工顺利进行;有效地解决现有大口径套管安装过程中的技术难题。该方法具有创新性、实用性、可靠性等优点,在工程建设的许多领域,具有推广应用价值。