Microstructure and some properties of powder-pack borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy with special attention to the microstructure at the interface TiB/substrate

The borided layer was prepared on the surface of the Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy by powder-pack boriding at 1000°C-10h. SEM, EPMA and TEM were used to investigate the effects of alloying elements (Al, V, Mo and Cr) on the growth of TiB whiskers in the borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy. Wear properties of borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy were investigated using dry reciprocating friction tests. SEM results show that the thickness of boride layer in Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy is thinner than that in the Cp-Ti. This is attributed to the enrichment of alloying elements especially V in TiB/substrate by TEM, which hinders the diffusion of B atoms, thus resulting in the short and thick TiB whiskers in Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy. Borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy has the better wear resistance than as-received alloy.     

Strategy to design high performance TiB2-based materials: Strengthen grain boundaries by solid solute segregation

TiB₂ exhibits a unique combination of excellent properties that make it promising candidate for applications in extreme environments, where retention of strength at high temperatures is essential. Tailoring grain boundary properties by segregation is believed a prominent way to design high-temperature performance of ceramics. In this work, segregation tendencies of solute elements, including Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, in TiB₂ grain boundaries and the strengthening/weakening effects induced by segregations are investigated by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that small atoms tend to segregate to grain boundary sites with local compression strains, while large atoms prefer grain boundary sites with local expansion strains. Deteriorated grain boundary strength is usually caused by additional expansion strain induced by segregation, while improved grain boundary strength results from either enhanced local bonding induced by segregation of small atoms or increased fracture strain due to segregation of large atoms. Cr and V, especially Cr, exhibit strong segregation tendency and improvement on grain boundary strength, which provides useful guidelines for the design of high performance TiB₂-based materials.     

固溶处理对TiB2/6061复合材料硬度及耐磨性的影响

采用氟盐法制备了TiB₂质量分数为3%的原位合成TiB₂/6061复合材料,研究了固溶温度和固溶时间对复合材料硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在6061铝合金基体中,明显细化6061铝合金基体晶粒。当固溶温度一定时,随固溶时间延长,复合材料的硬度和耐磨性可获得明显提高,但固溶时间在6~10 h时,复合材料的性能变化不显著。当固溶时间一定时,随固溶温度升高,复合材料硬度和耐磨性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3wt%TiB₂/6061复合材料经530 ℃×10 h固溶处理后,硬度和耐磨性能最佳,相较于铸态硬度值提高了79.5％,磨损量减少了59.1%。固溶处理后复合材料的磨损表面犁沟变细变浅,材料脱落现象减少。     

固溶处理对TiB2/7050Al复合材料组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对TiB₂/7050Al复合材料组织与性能的影响规律。结果表明,TiB₂/7050Al复合材料内的可溶性第二相主要为MgZn₂(η相)、AlZnMgCu(T相)和Al₂CuMg(S相)。η相在470℃已完全溶解,T相在476℃开始溶解,S相在491℃下可完全溶解。随固溶温度的升高,复合材料的强度整体呈上升趋势,但伸长率先增加后降低。在480℃固溶时,复合材料同时具备高强度和高塑性,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为658 MPa、719 MPa和11.3%;继续升高固溶温度至490℃,虽然可使铝基体内残余S相完全溶解,但也使基体再结晶晶粒异常长大,降低了复合材料的塑性。     

TiB_2颗粒在楔形铜模铸锭中的分布以及吞噬行为(英文)

通过楔形铜模铸造实验研究工业纯铝基体中TiB2颗粒的推移吞噬行为和颗粒或团聚体与液/固界面前沿之间的作用。实验结果表明:在整个楔形试样中,颗粒或团聚体的尺寸分别服从2个独立的分布,团簇被推移到楔形试样的中间区域,而单独的颗粒或小的团簇被楔形试样的边缘吞噬。在楔形试样的不同区域颗粒的团聚程度不同,在试样的边缘和中间区域,颗粒的团聚因子分别为0.2和0.6。颗粒的直径并不服从一般的正态分布,而是基本服从对数正态分布。更重要的是,在整个试样中,颗粒或团簇尺寸服从2个对数正态分布。     

7075-TiB_2原位铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能

采用动电位极化试验研究了7075-TiB2铝基复合材料的腐蚀行为。结果表明,该复合材料的腐蚀率与TiB2颗粒的比例成对应关系,而这主要与由原位TiB2颗粒引起的位错密度的增加有关。选择性点蚀具有晶粒间非对称的特点,主要归因于由TiB2颗粒与铝基体的热膨胀系数错配所致的局部位错密度不同。晶间腐蚀易于发生于大角度晶界,而特殊晶界和小角度晶界则表现出耐腐蚀性。晶内TiB2颗粒及其与铝基体的界面均无腐蚀发生。沿晶TiB2颗粒与晶界交汇的界面受晶间腐蚀的影响。     

TC4合金渗硼层TiB和TiB_2价电子结构与渗层硬化

计算了TiB与TiB2的价电子结构,研究了TiB、TiB2的价电子结构与TC4合金渗硼层硬化的关系。研究发现:TC4合金渗硼层的TiB2和TiB相中B-B原子键合力最强,且远大于合金基体组成原子的键合力;TiB2相最强共价键的共价电子对数nTiB2为A 0.5554,TiB相最强共价键的共价电子对数nTiB A为0.4042,因此TiB2相对基体的硬化作用更强;TiB2相的原子状态组数σN为123,而TiB相的原子状态组数σN为19,所以TiB2相的稳定性更高;由相成键能力F的计算可知,从热力学角度看,渗层中TiB应比TiB2多;共价键空间分布决定了TiB晶体易沿[010]晶向生长成短纤维状,而TiB2相易于生成高对称性的粒状或球状,故TiB2比TiB更有利于硬化基体。     

原位自生(TiB+La_2O_3)/TC4钛基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

利用钛与镧、硼单质之间的原位反应,经真空自耗电弧熔炼与后续的热加工工艺制备了增强体含量不同的(TiB+La2O3)/TC4钛基复合材料,并研究了它的显微组织和室温拉伸性能。结果表明:该复合材料的基体为网篮状组织,增强体分布均匀,其中TiB呈短纤维状并沿加工方向分布,La2O3呈短棒状或颗粒状;与基体TC4合金相比,复合材料的室温抗拉强度均有所提高,且随着TiB与La2O3增强体含量的增多而增大,增强体起到了较好的增强作用;复合材料的拉伸断裂方式均为韧性断裂。     

微量硼元素添加对Ti6Al4V-xB组织及性能的影响

采用高真空非自耗熔炼及吸铸方法制备不同硼含量的Ti6Al4V-xB(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.5,质量分数,%)合金,将合金在900℃下进行2 h保温退火。研究了不同微量硼元素添加对Ti6Al4V-xB的铸造显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,微量硼元素的添加影响了钛合金高温形核过程,在固-液前沿富集B元素阻碍初始β-Ti长大,有效细化钛合金晶粒,当硼含量超过0.1%时,则有TiB相的析出。Ti6Al4V-xB合金的强度极限随硼含量的增加单调上升,由893 MPa变为966 MPa,这是细晶强化和析出强化共同作用的结果;合金的塑性则是先升高后降低,Ti6Al4V-0.05B的塑性提高了15%,而Ti6Al4V-0.1B与Ti6Al4V-0.5B的塑性则降低了50%,是因为析出脆性的Ti B相,形成脆性断裂敏感带。     

偏压对磁控溅射制备Ni掺杂TiB2基涂层结构及力学性能的影响

采用双靶非反应磁控溅射,通过改变基底偏压,制备了一系列Ni掺杂TiB2基的涂层.通过X射线能谱仪确定其成分,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对涂层的结构进行分析,并通过纳米压痕、维氏压痕、划痕以及摩擦磨损分别对涂层的硬度、模量、断裂韧性、膜基结合力和摩擦学性能进行了表征.结果表明:此工艺下制备的TiB2-Ni涂层中均存在六方相的TiB2结构,并且生长结构非常致密,无明显的柱状生长结构,表面粗糙度低;硬度均大于40 GPa;涂层均具有较好的断裂韧性;且随着偏压增大断裂韧性和结合力都有所提高;同时所制备涂层摩擦系数均在0.5～0.6,磨损率在同一数量级.