Single event soft error in advanced integrated circuit

As technology feature sizes decrease, single event upset (SEU), and single event transient (SET) dominate the radiation response of microcircuits. Multiple bit upset (MBU) (or multi cell upset) effects, digital single event transient (DSET) and analogue single event transient (ASET) caused serious problems for advanced integrated circuits (ICs) applied in a radiation environment and have become a pressing issue. To face this challenge, a lot of work has been put into the single event soft error mechanism and mitigation schemes. This paper presents a review of SEU and SET, including: a brief historical overview, which summarizes the historical development of the SEU and SET study since their first observation in the 1970's; effects prominent in advanced technology, which reviews the effects such as MBU, MSET as well as SET broadening and quenching with the influence of temperature, device structure etc.; the present understanding of single event soft error mechanisms, which review the basic mechanism of single event generation including various component of charge collection; and a discussion of various SEU and SET mitigation schemes divided as circuit hardening and layout hardening that could help the designer meet his goals.     

A post-2020 EU energy technology policy: Revisiting the strategic energy technology plan

With the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) expiring in 2020, the EU needs to revisit its energy technology policy for the post-2020 horizon and to establish a policy framework that fosters the achievement of ambitious EU commitments for decarbonization by 2050. We discuss options for a post-2020 EU energy technology policy, taking account of uncertain technology developments, uncertain carbon prices and the highly competitive global market for energy technologies. We propose a revised SET Plan that enables policy makers to be pro-active in pushing innovation in promising technologies, no matter what policy context will be realized in the future. In particular, a revised SET Plan should include a more technology-specific focus, provide the basis for planning and prioritization among decarbonization technologies, and should be based on a comprehensive approach across sectors. Selected technology targets and EU funding of innovation should be in line with the SET Plan prioritization.     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

一种基于电流阶梯波的相变存储器擦驱动电路

基于相变存储器的擦操作(SET)特性,设计了一种能够产生电流阶梯波的相变存储器擦驱动电路,采用130 nm标准CMOS工艺将其与128 kb的相变存储器实验芯片集成.相比传统的单一电流脉冲擦驱动电路,这种改进后的擦驱动电路能将相变存储单元的电阻均值从15 kΩ左右降至7 kΩ左右,并且存储阵列的阻值分布一致性也得到提升...     

南宁地区办公建筑冬季室内热舒适性及其对空调能耗的影响

本文以问卷调查和现场测试数据为基础,采用标准有效温度SET探讨了南宁地区办公建筑冬季室内热舒适性,并与国内其它地区的研究进行了比较。研究发现,满意率为80%时的热舒适范围为14.4～23.7℃/SET,热感觉中性温度为19℃/SET;居民对热环境的敏感度较国内其它地区低;在当地居民可接受的室内热舒适范围内,空调能耗随SET的升高而增大;若以热中性温度为室内计算参数,与采用国家和地方标准规定值相比,南宁地区空调系统能耗将降低6.4%。     

SET和Bertrams烧碱蒸发装置的工艺对比

比较了意大利SET公司和瑞士Bertrams公司的离子膜法烧碱蒸发装置工艺特点.     

Observation of Coherent Charge-State Mixing in Asymmetric Bloch Transistors

The reduced switching current of an excited energy band in a Bloch transistor can be used to detect microwave-induced interband transitions. Spectroscopic measurements of the band gap are performed by mapping the frequency dependence of the excitation threshold where the microwave photon energy and band gap are equal. This excitation threshold also provides a probe of charge-state mixing on the island of the transistor. Any asymmetry in the junctions of the transistor makes the coherent mixing of charge states appear as a finite gap splitting at the electrostatic degeneracy point between states differing by one excess Cooper pair on the island. The measured gap splitting in an asymmetric transistor clearly demonstrates the effect.     

基于SSL＆SET协议的在线支付模型探究

电子支付是电子商务交易活动中的一个重要环节,涉及到用户与商家和银行等多个部门的信息交互。如何实现安全、可靠、方便的电子支付,是电子商务发展中迫切需要解决的问题。本文对两种占主流地位的安全交易协议SSL和SET进行了比较,在此基础上,提出一种基于SSL＆SET的在线安全支付模型,并对其特色进行了分析和论证。     

移动支付安全协议的研究

文章分析了在WAP环境下基于SET协议的移动支付的交易流程不满足商品原子性和确认发送原子性。当商家得到正确支付后,SET协议不能保证他一定会发货给持卡者,也不能保证发送的就是持卡者订购的商品。同时基于SET协议的安全性和不可否认性也存在着不足。基于这些局限性,本文通过对协议的改进,完善了移动支付的整个交易过程,切实保护了各方的利益。     

南方民宅屋顶铁皮棚对室内外热环境的影响

为揭示南方民宅屋顶自发搭建附加铁皮棚对室内外热环境所产生的影响,以厦门集美兑山村民宅为研究对象,在盛夏天气对典型民宅进行室内外气候参数测试,对比分析"有无屋顶铁皮棚遮蔽的屋顶空间的地表温度、WBGT和SET值","有无屋顶铁皮棚遮蔽的房间室内热舒适度PMV值和顶棚表面温度"等热舒适指标。结果表明:铁皮棚下方遮蔽房的室内PMV平均值为2.84,比无遮蔽房低0.3;屋顶灰空间的WBGT值为安全范围,全天低于32℃,无遮蔽区域则超出32℃,不安全;灰空间SET值白天30~32℃,感觉温暖,而无遮蔽区域为36~38℃,感觉非常热乃至生理调节失效;结论证实民宅屋顶附加铁皮遮阳棚不仅能显著改善白天屋顶铁皮棚灰空间的热舒适度,而且具有改善其下方遮蔽房间热环境。