疏水性微生物对细粒煤的絮凝试验研究

在对疏水性微生物草分枝杆菌的生物学特性研究基础上,利用草分枝杆菌对煤炭进行了絮凝试验。并与传统的无机电解质凝聚剂和有机高分子絮凝剂所进行的对比试验。结果表明,草分枝杆菌对细粒煤具有良好的絮凝作用效果。由于该菌还具有无毒无害以及可生物降解等许多环境友好的特点。因此,将为绿色高效煤炭絮凝剂的研究和开发探索了一条有极大发展前景的新途径。     

旋流-静态微泡浮选柱净化含油废水试验研究

为了提高含油废水处理效果、简化处理工艺,提出了以旋流一静态微泡浮选柱为核心的水处理工艺,在自行研制的试验装置系统上,研究了循环泵压力、柱体过流速度、混凝剂种类及投加量、表面活性剂投加量、油水pH值等主要工艺参数对模拟含油废水除油效果的影响.结果表明:以上因素均对脱油率有较大影响,在优化条件下,除油率可达95.7%,旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对含油废水有较高的净化能力.     

快速加热预处理对煤粘结性影响研究评述

分析世界及中国的一次能源的资源结构与消费结构后得出煤快速加热是实现能源可持续发展的有效技术途径,回顾了煤快速加热工艺的研究开发历程,从前人研究中得出将原煤快速加热到软化熔融温度(400～500℃)可以大大提高其粘结性.详细介绍了超级炼焦技术SCOPE21. 表明通过对原煤的快速加热预处理,结合低温出焦,可以在保证焦炭质量不降低的前提下,将不粘煤或弱粘煤的配煤量提高到50%.和现有炼焦工艺相比,生产效率提高1.4倍,节能20%左右.     

脱硫菌磁化培育及生物浸出脱除煤中黄铁矿硫的研究

将磁化技术用于煤炭脱硫菌种的培育，研究了磁化培育下的中国煤系与非煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌对煤中黄铁矿硫的脱除效果。研究表明，磁化环境对矿质化学营养脱硫菌氧化亚铁硫杆菌的生长具有促进作用，一定磁化培育条件下的煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌对小于0．075mm的煤样浸出24d的最大脱硫率（86．16％）高于非煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌的最大脱硫率（82．56％），磁化培育下的煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌具有更好的脱除煤中黄铁矿硫的效果。     

Preparation of activated carbon with low ash content and high specific surface area from coal in the presence of KOH

An activated carbon with ash content less than ]0% and specific surface area more than 1600 m^2/g was prepared from cool and the effect of K-containing compounds in preparation of cool-based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co-carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K-containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over cool carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K-containing compounds such as K2CO3 and K20 remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K-containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal-based activated carbon.     

脱硫微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌遗传特性的分子生物学试验

利用现代生物学研究方法和手段，对煤系与非煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传特性进行了质粒抽提和琼脂糖凝胶电泳等分子生物学水平的基础性探索试验，对于质粒在硫杆菌中普遍存在的观点提出了质疑.研究结果表明，氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe²⁺，S等的氧化能力可能只是与拟核染色体DNA有关，而氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传物质就是拟核染色体DNA.     

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification of moist raw coal

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. Pilot tests showed that air classification efficiencies varied from 74. 85% to 93.84% at cut-size 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0. 5 mm when free moisture of coal is in the range of 1.7% to 9. 5%, and ash contents of fine coal products were 2% ～ 3% lowerthan those of the same size fractions in feed, and 4% ～10% lower than those of feeds for most cases because of the density differences between coal and waste, which is beneficial to producing lower ash fine coal from raw coal as fuel of blast furnaces or pulverized coal firing boilers. A commercial unit of 100 t/h has been in smooth operation, and several 300 ～400 t/h units are in plan or construction.     

粉煤灰微观特征与干法脱炭实验

采用透射电镜研究了粉煤灰的微观特征 ,提出了降低粉煤灰残余炭含量并提高粉煤灰活性的干法脱炭思路。摩擦电选实验表明 :干法脱炭是有效的 ,这将为解决我国粉煤灰的综合利用提供有益的借鉴     

煤中黄铁矿表面细菌氧化的XRD及SEM/TEM研究

借助于XRD和SEM/TEM 等表面分析测试技术,对煤中黄铁矿表面经氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用前后的表面微观结构的变化进行了研究.作为对比,同时采用了氧化剂（H2O2）对黄铁矿表面进行氧化试验.结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在黄铁矿表面的氧化形式与氧化剂（H2O2）在黄铁矿表面的氧化形式不同.从黄铁矿表面微观结构的变化来看,氧化剂氧化的结果多出现钮扣状的片起,表现为较为剧烈的直接强氧化作用,而氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化则呈现坑蚀,表现为相对缓和的吸附氧化作用.这为研究细菌对煤中黄铁矿表面的作用机理提供了一定的参考.     

粉煤灰微珠表面包覆机理研究

描述了微珠-氢氧化钙溶液体系中复合微珠的制备和表征方法.探讨了95℃恒温状态下氢氧化钙含量、微珠中活性组分随反应时间的变化规律.分析了体系温度和反应时间对包覆层生长过程的影响,结果表明：体系温度和反应时间是加速氢氧化钙对微珠产生水化作用的重要参数,两者之间具有协同效应;体系温度越高,所需反应时间越短,反之亦然.根据反应体系中氢氧化钙最强衍射峰强的变化规律,研究了微珠表面包覆层生长机制和包覆机理.结果表明：包覆层生长过程经历了诱导期、加速期、稳定期和颗粒快速生长期4个阶段.