Surface modification of nanodiamond in aqueous medium

1　INTRODUCTIONTheresearchandpracticeofnanodiamond (dia mondofnano scale ,insomearticlesultrafinedia mond (UFD )orultradisperseddiamond (UDD )iscalled)synthesishasstartedbothintheUnitedStatesandtheformerUSSRinearlier 1980s[1,2 ] .Afterthat,reportsabouttheresearchandsynthesisofthisnano scalematerialpresentthemselvescontinuously .TheproductsofthiskindcomeforthinJapan ,Ger many ,GreatBritainandFranceaswell[3,4 ] .Scien tistsinlandhavealsoshowntheirinterestandinten sivestudieshavealsob…     

橄榄石型结构LiFePO4锂电池正极材料实用化的障碍和途径

橄榄石型结构LiFePO4因其结构特征和潜在的低成本而有望成为下一代锂离子电池正极材料.但是要使LiFePO4商业化必须开发出适于规模化生产高性能LiFePO4正极材料的工艺.本文在综合分析LiFePO4制备方法、导电性改善及填充密度提高途径的基础上,认为可借鉴Ni-MH电池正极材料球形Ni(OH)2制备技术发展经验,从理论上深入研究LiFePO4的形成过程,通过控制橄榄石型结构LiFePO4材料的结晶度、晶粒大小及形貌、元素分布、界面结构来满足高容量、大比功率及长循环寿命的要求.     

激励方式对锆钛酸铅钡锶压电陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用扎膜工艺和固相反应法制备了(Pb0.70Ba0.26Sr0.04)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PBSZT)压电陶瓷。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射表征PBSZT陶瓷的结构和物相组成,用电容介损测试仪表征压电陶瓷的介电性能与激励场强,通过自建电路集成直流电源、标准电容,在低频频率特性测试仪上得到偏场强度对压电陶瓷介电性能的影响关系。结果表明:压电陶瓷材料的介电性能随着加载的电场强度的增大先逐渐升高,而后出现拐点开始降低;在偏压电场中,自由电容CT随正向偏场强度的增加逐渐减小,但随着反向偏场强度的增加逐渐增大。tanδ则随着正、反偏场强度的增加均呈现上升;压电陶瓷的机电耦合系数kp与偏场强度的关系是以0点为界,随着负偏场增强,kp略显下降,反之,随正偏场增强,kp缓慢增大。因此,压电陶瓷应用时应避开强场损耗高点;并在环境中施加正向偏场,有助于抑制压电陶瓷性能衰减。     

含纳米金刚石的复合镀研究

介绍了纳米金刚石在复合镀中的作用；重点评述了含纳米金刚石复合镀对传统镀层性能的改善，含纳米金刚石复合镀的一些种类的研究进展，以及需要解决的关键问题；展望了含纳米金刚石复合镀的应用前景。     

提高氧化铝陶瓷断裂韧性的先进途径

评述了近几年来提高氧化铝陶瓷力学性能的各种途径。认为通过优化纳米α-Al2O3粉体制备技术,引入金属相、纤维、晶须复合工艺来控制氧化铝陶瓷界面结构及微观结构,是提高氧化铝陶瓷力学性能的有效方法。     

Numerical Simulation of Macroscopic Mixing in a Rushton Impeller Stirred Tank

The macroscopic mixing in a stirred tank with different tracer injection locations, impeller speeds and impeller positions is simulated numerically by solving the transport equation of the tracer based on the whole flow field in the baffled tank with a Rushton disk turbine numerically resolved using the improved inner-outer iterative procedure. Predicted mixing time is compared well with the literature correlations. The predicted residence time distribution of the stirred tank is very close to the present experimental results. The effect of the installation of a draft tube on the mixing time and residence time distributions is addressed.     

Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Composite Ni_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Pb(Zr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48))O_3 Nanofibers by Electrospinning

One-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure materials are promising building blocks for electromagnetic devices and nanosystems.In this work,the composite Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(NZFO)/ Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) nanofibers with average diameters about 65 nm are prepared by electrospinning from poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and metal salts.The precursor composite NZFO/PZT/PVP nanofibers and the subsequent calcined NZFO/PZT nanofibers are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT- IR) ,X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The magnetic properties for nanofibers are measured by vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The NZFO/PZT nanofibers obtained at calcination temperature of 900 °C for 2 h consist of the ferromagnetic spinel NZFO and ferroelectric perovskite PZT phases,which are constructed from about 37 nm NZFO and 17 nm PZT grains.The saturation magnetization of these NZFO/PZT nanofibers increases with increasing calcination temperature and contents of NZFO in the composite.     

橄榄石型结构LiFePO4锂电池正极材料实用化的障碍和途径

橄榄石型结构LiFePO4因其结构特征和潜在的低成本而有望成为下一代锂离子电池正极材料。但是要使LiFePO4商业化必须开发出适于规模化生产高性能LiFePO4正极材料的工艺。本文在综合分析LiFePO4制备方法、导电性改善及填充密度提高途径的基础上，认为可借鉴Ni-MH电池正极材料球形Ni（OH）2制备技术发展经验，从理论上深入研究LiFePO4的形成过程，通过控制橄榄石型结构LiFePO4材料的结晶度、晶粒大小及形貌、元素分布、界面结构来满足高容量、大比功率及长循环寿命的要求。     

反应沉淀-焙烧法制备球形LiFePO4颗粒及其微结构表征

以FeSO4, H3PO4, LiOH和氨水为原料,采用反应沉淀-焙烧法制备了球形LiFePO4颗粒. 利用XRD和SEM对Fe3(PO4)2和Li3PO4、前驱体及其焙烧产物进行了表征;利用TG-DSC分析了Fe3(PO4)2和Li3PO4反应形成LiFePO4的过程. 结果表明,LiFePO4的形成过程及其微结构与两反应物的结构特征及其混合状态有关,制备的Fe3(PO4)2微球由片状或棒状微晶沿径向有序排列叠砌而成,内部呈辐射状构架,密度高、分散性和流动性好. 由球形Fe3(PO4)2和Li3PO4均匀混合的前驱体在700℃下于N2和H2气氛中焙烧3 h得到晶粒细小、无其他杂相、多孔的LiFePO4球形粉体,粒径为1~13 mm,粉体振实密度为1.25 g/cm3. 该粉体有望用作动力型绿色锂离子电池正极材料.     

锰锌铁氧体陶瓷纤维的制备与磁性能研究

以柠檬酸及金属盐为原料,采用有机凝胶.热分解法制备了Mn0.5zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体陶瓷纤维.通过FTIR、TG/DSC、XRD、SEM分别对前驱体凝胶的结构、热分解过程及热处理产物的物相和形貌进行了表征,用VSM对纤维的磁性能进行了检测.结果显示所得Mn0.5zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体陶瓷纤维由9.7～12 nm晶粒组成,直径从1μm到20μm,长径比可达1×103.纤维的晶粒大小在400～580℃范围内随焙烧温度的升高而增大.这些铁氧体纤维显示出了超顺磁性,超顺磁程度与组成纤维的晶粒大小有关.