我国3～12岁儿童家长食品安全知识现状及其影响因素分析

了解我国儿童家长的家庭食品安全知识知晓情况及其影响因素，对开展精准食品安全宣教，减少家庭食源性疾病具有积极意义。本研究在7个城市的13 923名3～12岁儿童家长中开展问卷调查，收集基本信息、家庭食品安全知识知晓情况及需求。家长家庭食品安全知识平均得分为18.6分(总分29分)，及格率为68.7%。易错知识点包括熟食室温存储时间、食品保质期、易引起中毒的食物以及食品贮存环境等。多因素logistics回归分析显示:家长家庭食品安全知识及格率受地区、文化程度、职业、家长类型、是否关注食品安全、孩子是否讲过食品安全知识以及是否阅读孩子带回来资料的影响。家长最关心的前三位内容为滥用食品添加剂(84.9%)、卫生状况不合格(82.9%)、农药/药物残留(82.7%)。受家长信任的信息来源主要为电视/广播/广告(76.1%)、书籍/报纸/期刊(70.4%)、微博/微信等新媒体(57.7%)。家长的家庭食品安全知识仍存在短板，需利用传统媒体和新媒体结合的方式以及小手牵大手形式开展精准专题宣传，并特别关注文化程度低，从事食品行业的家长以及孩子父亲和保姆。     

Theoretical investigation of intrinsic point defects and the oxygen migration behavior in rare earth hafnates

In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE₂Hf₂O₇ (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO₂ excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE₂O₃ excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the V_O48f - V_O48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity.     

建筑用气密膜相关强度性能试验研究

气密膜是被动房和超低能耗建筑气密性处理的常用材料,由于试验设备及方法等原因,国内对建筑用气密膜性能的试验研究较少,从施工应用角度出发,针对国内外无纺布基气密膜的相关强度性能开展试验研究,为气密膜的工程应用提供参考.     

Dual effect synergistically triggered Ce:(Y,Tb)3(Al,Mn)5O12 transparent ceramics enabling a high color-rendering index and excellent thermal stability for white LEDs

Ce:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramics (TCs) with appropriate emission light proportion and high thermal stability are significant to construct white light emitting diode devices with excellent chromaticity parameters. In this work, strategies of controlling crystal-field splitting around Ce³⁺ ion and doping orange-red emitting ion, were adopted to fabricate Ce:(Y,Tb)₃(Al,Mn)₅O₁₂ TCs via vacuum sintering technique. Notably, 85.4 % of the room-temperature luminescence intensity of the TC was retained at 150 °C, and the color rendering index was as high as 79.8. Furthermore, a 12 nm red shift and a 16.2 % increase of full width at half maximum were achieved owing to the synergistic effects of Tb³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions. By combining TCs with a 460 nm blue chip, a warm white light with a low correlated color temperature of 4155 K was acquired. Meanwhile, the action mechanism of Tb³⁺ ion and the energy transfer between Ce³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions were verified in prepared TCs.     

聚乙烯催化剂用烷氧基镁载体的研究进展

基于烷氧基镁载体的Ziegler-Natta聚乙烯催化剂具有活性高、氢调性能好等优点,是目前聚烯烃工业中的研究热点。介绍了烷氧基镁载体的发展进程,综述了烷氧基镁载体的制备及改进方法,分析了烷氧基镁载体在催化剂制备过程中的作用,并对开发适用于乙烯聚合的烷氧基镁载体提出了展望。     

Toughness and R-curve behaviour of laminated Si3N4/SiCw ceramics

Laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics were successfully prepared by tape casting and hot-pressing. Its mechanical properties were measured and the impact resistance was discussed. The toughness of the laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was 13.5 MPa m^1/2, which was almost 1.6 times that of Si₃N₄/SiC_w composite ceramics, namely 8.5 MPa m^1/2. Moreover, the indentation strength of laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was not sensitive to increasing indentation loads and exhibited a rising R-curve behaviour, indicating that the laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics had excellent impact resistance. The improved toughness and impact resistance of laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was attributed to the residual stress caused by a thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the different layers, resulting in crack deflection and bridging of SiC whiskers in the interface layer, thus consuming a large amount of fracture work.     

Magnetically Guidable Proteinaceous Adhesive Microbots for Targeted Locoregional Therapeutics Delivery in the Highly Dynamic Environment of the Esophagus

The esophagus is a tubular-shaped muscular organ where swallowed fluids and muscular contractions constitute a highly dynamic environment. The turbulent, coordinated processes that occur through the oropharyngeal conduit can often compromise targeted administration of therapeutic drugs to a lesion, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, magnetically guidable drug vehicles capable of strongly adhering to target sites using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) to achieve localized delivery of therapeutic drugs against the hydrodynamic physiological conditions are proposed. A suite of highly uniform microparticles embedded with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (MAP@IO MPs) is microfluidically fabricated using the genipin-mediated covalent cross-linking of bioengineered MAP. The MAP@IO MPs are successfully targeted to a specific region and prolongedly retained in the tubular-structured passageway. In particular, orally administered MAP@IO MPs are effectively captured in the esophagus in vivo in a magnetically guidable manner. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded MAP@IO MPs exhibit a sustainable DOX release profile, effective anticancer therapeutic activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the magnetically guidable locomotion and robust underwater adhesive properties of the proteinaceous soft microbots can provide an intelligent modular approach for targeted locoregional therapeutics delivery to a specific lesion site in dynamic fluid-associated tubular organs such as the esophagus.