Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50–300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave. The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment (HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed. The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT. Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure, and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50–250 nm and shell thickness of 15–30 nm. The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.     

Wet friction performance of C/C-SiC composites prepared by new processing route

C/C-SiC composites with SiC island distribution were prepared via a new processing route. The fabrication process mainly included silicon infiltration by ultrasonic vibration, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), siliconizing, liquid phase impregnation and carbonization. The wear and friction properties were tested by an MM-1000 wet friction machine. The results show that SiC phases are mainly distributed between carbon fibers and pyrocarbons as well as among the pryocarbons. The dynamic friction coefficient of the composites decreases gradually from 0.126 to 0.088 with the increase of the surface pressure from 0.5 to 2.5 MPa at the same rotary speed. Furthermore, under the constant surface pressure, the dynamic friction coefficient increases from 0.114 to 0.126 with the increase of the rotary speed from 1 500 to 2 500 r/min. However, the coefficient decreases to 0.104 when the rotary speed exceeds 4 500 r/min. During the friction process, the friction coefficient of C/C-SiC composite is between 0.088 and 0.126, and the wear value is zero after 300 times brake testing. Foundation item: Project(2006CB600901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(0991015) supported by Guangxi Science Found, China; Project(200808MS083) supported by Guangxi Education Department Found     

粉末冶金摩擦材料的应用现状及对原材料的要求

粉末冶金技术在中国的应用获得快速发展。系统介绍了粉末冶金摩擦材料在飞机刹车、坦克制动、离合器片、风电制动器主轴、高速列车制动闸片等领域的国内外应用现状,并对粉末冶金摩擦材料的原材料提出了具体要求,以期对粉末冶金技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

添加ZrO2对铜基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了高速列车用铜基摩擦材料,研究了添加ZrO2的量对材料的摩擦因数、磨损量的影响规律。结果表明:在添加ZrO2的材料中,含5%(质量分数,下同)ZrO2的材料摩擦因数较高,磨损量也较大;添加8%ZrO2的材料在高速下的摩擦因数较高,磨损率较小且变化平稳。材料的磨损在较低的速度下以粘着磨损为主;随着速度的上升,磨损也逐渐变成以剥层脱落和氧化磨损的混合机制为主。     

不同的钢纤维和芳纶浆粕配比对铝基制动盘用橡胶基摩擦材料性能的影响

本文设计三组不同钢纤维与芳纶浆粕的配比,使用冷压成型法制备铝基制动盘用橡胶基摩擦材料,并通过摩擦磨损试验、塑料洛氏硬度测试、冲击试验、压缩试验、密度实验等方法系统地测试不同配比下试样性能。实验结果表明：在3300r/min、3700r/min、4200r/min制动速度下,橡胶基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能在不同的钢纤维和芳纶浆粕的配比下会受到影响,在二者比例为16∶5时将会获得更好的摩擦磨损性能。     

CaC2-CCl4体系反应制备纳米碳球及其电化学性能

以碳化钙和四氯化碳为碳源,反应物通过无机化学反应在密封高压釜中制备了纳米碳球.用XBD、SEM、EDS、TEM、HRTEM和BET法对碳球的形貌和结构进行表征,并采用恒流放电法研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明:合成的纳米碳球具有棉花状结构,直径分布为80～250 nm,其d002为0.336～0.340 nm,属于无定形碳结构,BET比表面积为98 m2/g.纳米碳球作为负极材料首次充放电比容量分别为787 mA·h/g和390 mA·h/g,充放电效率为49.6%;5次循环后放电比容量衰减到239 mA·h/g,但效率均保持在95%以上.     

微量稀土La对Sn-Zn-Al无铅焊料性能的影响

采用真空熔炼技术成功制备Sn-(8.98-x)Zn-0.02Al-xLa(x=0.02～0.12)焊料。采用XRD衍射、DTA、SEM等手段分析了焊料的熔点、显微结构及焊料对Cu基板的润湿性等性能。结果表明,添加适量的稀土元素La能较好地提高Sn-Zn-Al基焊料熔点,改善焊料的铺展能力和组织均匀性。在Sn-(8.98-x)Zn-0.02Al-xLa焊料中,稀土La的最佳添加量为0.04%。     

DSC在自生TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备中的应用

采用差分扫描热分析(DSC)方法，测定了TiB2／Al-12VoSi的复合过程，并以热分析数据为依据，制备了TiB2／Al-12%Si复合材料，通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析了复合材料的增强相，考察了微观组织和力学性能的关系。结果表明：采用直接反应合成法制备该复合材料的最佳温度在830～860℃；半固态搅拌技术可使增强相在基体中的分布更加均匀；颗粒增强复合材料的力学性能有较大改善，抗拉强度由166MPa提高到184MPa，在热处理后达到336MPa，弹性模量由36．5GPa提高到43．9GPa，但伸长率从12％下降到了2．3％；利用DSC来制订颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备工艺是合理可行的。     

CR 200J用树脂基摩擦材料的正交试验及多指标加权优选

为制备CR 200J用高耐磨树脂基摩擦材料,采用正交试验法设计不同含量的减摩组分(鳞片石墨、石油焦)与增摩组分(NFJ高温黏结剂、腰果壳油摩擦粉)的树脂基摩擦材料配方。通过热压成型法制备出样品,在制动压力0.8 MPa和转速3 300、4 200、5 400 r/min下测试试样的平均摩擦因数,并计算试样的体积磨损率、热衰退性能及对偶质量磨损。对试样的平均摩擦因数、体积磨损率、热衰退性能及对偶质量磨损进行极差分析及均一化处理,使用多指标权重优选了综合性能优异的配方。结果表明：鳞片石墨在高转速下对材料的平均摩擦因数起稳定作用及降低材料的热衰退性能,而石油焦在低速制动过程中可稳定材料的平均摩擦因数;NFJ高温黏结剂对材料的各项性能影响不显著,而腰果壳油摩擦粉在高转速下表现出优异的黏弹性,有利于提高材料的平均摩擦因数,降低材料的体积磨损率及对偶质量磨损。使用多指标权重优选得到较好的配方,其中鳞片石墨、石油焦、NFJ高温黏结剂、腰果壳油摩擦粉的质量分数分别为1%、4%、3%、6%。     

CaC2-CHCl3体系制备纳米碳球的反应热力学

利用CaC2-CHCl3体系反应合成纳米碳球,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的物相、形貌和显微结构进行分析.对该体系进行吉布斯自由能和反应热效应计算,结合实验结果,研究采用无机化学反应法制备微纳米碳球的中间态成碳机理.结果表明:从理论上证实CaC2-CHCl3体系热解产物可能为石墨、金刚石和C3原...