Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2 ceramic and TC11 alloy joint diffusion bonded with a Cu interlayer

Reliable joints of Ti₃SiC₂ ceramic and TC11 alloy were diffusion bonded with a 50 μm thick Cu interlayer. The typical interfacial structure of the diffusion boned joint, which was dependent on the interdiffusion and chemical reactions between Al, Si and Ti atoms from the base materials and Cu interlayer, was TC11/α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti₂Cu + TiCu/Ti₅Si₄ + TiSiCu/Cu(s, s)/Ti₃SiC₂. The influence of bonding temperature and time on the interfacial structure and mechanical properties of Ti₃SiC₂/Cu/TC11 joint was analyzed. With the increase of bonding temperature and time, the joint shear strength was gradually increased due to enhanced atomic diffusion. However, the thickness of Ti₅Si₄ and TiSiCu layers with high microhardness increased for a long holding time, resulting in the reduction of bonding strength. The maximum shear strength of 251 ± 6 MPa was obtained for the joint diffusion bonded at 850 °C for 60 min, and fracture primarily occurred at the diffusion layer adjacent to the Ti₃SiC₂ substrate. This work provided an economical and convenient solution for broadening the engineering application of Ti₃SiC₂ ceramic.     

Effects of the joining process on the microstructure and properties of liquid-phase-sintered SiC-SiC joints formed with Ti foil

The joining of liquid-phase sintered SiC (LPS-SiC) ceramics was conducted using spark plasma sintering (SPS), through solid state diffusion bonding, with Ti-metal foil as a joining interlayer. Samples were joined at 1400 °C, under applied pressures of either 10 or 30 MPa, and with different atmospheres (argon, Ar, vs. vacuum). It was demonstrated that the shear strength of the joints increased with an increase in the applied joining pressure. The joining atmosphere also affected on both the microstructure and shear strength of the SiC joints. The composition and microstructure of the interlayer were examined to understand the mechanism. As a result, a SiC-SiC joining with a good mechanical performance could be achieved under an Ar environment, which in turn could provide a cost-effective approach and greatly widen the applications of SiC ceramic components with complex shape.     

Surface modification of superfine SiC powders by ternary modifiers-KH560/sodium humate/SDS and its mechanism

SiC is a promising functional ceramic material with many great properties. High concentrated SiC slurry with excellent rheology and stability is required in some processes of ceramic forming. In this work, the dispersion of SiC powders was obviously improved by ternary modifiers: γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560), sodium humate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Modified SiC slurry showed the lowest viscosity of 0.168 Pa s at a solid content of 50 vol%. The maximum absolute value of zeta potential of SiC increased from 47.3 to 61.6 mV by modification. Sedimentation experiments showed that a highly stable suspension of modified SiC was obtained at pH 10. SiC green body with high density of 2.643 g/cm³ was prepared with modified powders by slip casting. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and thermogravimetry (TG) measurements indicated the adsorption of modifiers on SiC surface. Therefore, modified SiC powders could stably disperse in aqueous media due to the increase of electrosteric repulsion between particles. The novel strategy used in this study could further improve the dispersion of SiC powders.     

基于改进 abcd 模型的黄河源区径流变化与归因

为改进模型对高寒地区融雪径流模拟不足的缺陷，将融雪模块耦合到传统 abcd 模型。利用 1980—2018 年 逐月实测的径流数据和通过 AnuSpline 方法插值的格网气象要素，驱动改进后的abcd 模型，分析三江源生态保护 措施实施前后（1980—1999 年和 2000—2018 年）黄河源区径流的动态变化，并量化关键气象因素与人类活动对 径流变化的影响程度，即相对贡献。结果表明：耦合融雪模块的 abcd-snow 模型完善了高寒地区水文过程的模拟， 提高对径流的模拟性能，在黄河源区表现出较好的适用性；整个研究时段黄河源区的实测径流呈不显著减少趋势 （?0.80?mm/a，p>0.05），但 2000 年前径流则呈现显著下降趋势（?4.12?mm/a，p<0.05），2000 年后径流则呈显著增加 趋势（3.16?mm/a，p<0.05）；?归因分析表明气候变化是源区径流变化的主导因素。2000 年前，气候变化对径流减少 的相对贡献率为 62.8%，人类活动对径流的贡献为 37.2%；2000 年后，气候变化对径流增加的贡献率达到 120.0?%， 人类活动对径流的贡献为?20.0%。其中：降水的变化是决定径流变化主导因素；其他气候因素的相对贡献较小； 以人类活动为主的生态恢复可显著降低河川径流。本研究有助于理解气候变化和下垫面变化对黄河源区水资源 变化的系统驱动机理，并为流域水资源合理配置提供科学参考依据。     

Anthocyanin-fortified konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba: characteristics of texture,microstructure, in vitro release behaviour and antioxidant capacity

Konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba (KGM/SA-boba) with good taste is very popular in China, and it is an outstanding carrier for health potential ingredients. In this work, KGM/SA-boba were fortified with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPA), then characterised by the water distribution, texture, microstructure, in vitro release property of PSPA and antioxidant capacity. LF-NMR analysis demonstrated that the free water of KGM/SA-boba could transfer to tightly bound water with the addition of PSPA that made it with better water-binding ability, higher springiness and lower hardness. And the results of SEM and rheology showed that PSPA could stabilise the microstructure of KGM/SA-boba by forming more amorphous regions and hydrogen bonds proved by the results of DSC and FT-IR. Furthermore, 50% of PSPA in PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba can be released at the first hour in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. And the scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS of the PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba after digestion was higher than that of PSPA alone. Generally, PSPA could improve the texture while KGM/SA-boba in turn would make PSPA more stable in the gastrointestinal digestive system.     

火麻仁油微乳凝胶面膜的制备及初步评价

目的:制备火麻仁油微乳凝胶补水面膜并对其理化性质、保湿性和抗氧化活性进行评价.方法:通过伪三元相图确定火麻仁油微乳最佳处方,采用单因素及正交试验优化火麻仁油微乳凝胶处方,载入保湿活性物质制得火麻仁油微乳凝胶面膜并对其质量、稳定性、保湿性和抗氧化活性进行评价.结果:火麻仁油微乳最佳处方:火麻仁油0.2％、PEG-20氢化蓖麻油0.53％、1,3丙二醇0.27％.火麻仁油微乳凝胶最佳处方为卡波姆-940含量1％,丙三醇含量5％,稀释倍数30倍.制得的微乳凝胶澄清透明、涂展性较好、易清洗、不油腻;平均粒径为(30.91±0.31)nm,PDI为0.299±0.017,电位为(-3.54±0.43)mV;黏度为494725.15 mPa·s;pH值为5.50±0.01;保湿效果优于市售某凝胶面膜;火麻仁油微乳凝胶面膜对DPPH自由基清除率高于火麻仁油毛油,质量浓度为6 mg·mL-1时可达62.39％,IC50为3.71 mg·mL-1.结论:火麻仁油微乳凝胶面膜安全、稳定,制备工艺简单,对皮肤具有良好的补水和抗氧化效果,具备开发和推广的价值.     

Densification and joining of a (HfTaZrNbTi)C high-entropy ceramic by hot pressing

A bulk (Hf_0.2Ta_0.2Zr_0.2Nb_0.2Ti_0.2)C high-entropy ceramic (HEC) with a high density was prepared by hot pressing (HP), and through a robust joining technique, large-sized piece was fabricated. A hot-pressed carbide HEC with a single-phase and homogeneous composition was obtained at the sintering temperatures from 1800 to 1950 °C for 30 min under a pressure of 30 MPa. The influence of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the HEC was investigated, and the flexural and compressive strengths were reported. Additionally, the feasibility of active brazing of this HEC was studied and solid joints with high shear strength were obtained by atomic diffusion and chemical reaction at the interface, providing a key approach to fabricate complex components of HECs.     

Zinc doped Fe2O3 for boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation to ammonia under mild conditions

Artificial nitrogen fixation is emerging as a promising approach for synthesis of ammonia at mild conditions. Inspired by biological nitrogen fixation based on bacteria containing iron, zinc doped Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are proposed as an efficient and earth abundant electrocatalyst for converting N₂ to NH₃. In neutral media, it achieves a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.4% and a large NH₃ yield rate of 15.1 μg h^?1 mg^?1_cat. at ?0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. This catalyst also exhibits excellent selectivity and stability. Theoretical calculations suggest the reaction follows the associative enzymatic mechanism and it has a barrier of as low as 0.68 eV.     

Controlled Secure Direct Communication Protocol via the Three-Qubit Partially Entangled Set of States

In this paper, we first re-examine the previous protocol of controlled quantum secure direct communication of Zhang et al.’s scheme, which was found insecure under two kinds of attacks, fake entangled particles attack and disentanglement attack. Then, by changing the party of the preparation of cluster states and using unitary operations, we present an improved protocol which can avoid these two kinds of attacks. Moreover, the protocol is proposed using the three-qubit partially entangled set of states. It is more efficient by only using three particles rather than four or even more to transmit one bit secret information. Given our using state is much easier to prepare for multiqubit states and our protocol needs less measurement resource, it makes this protocol more convenient from an applied point of view.