An effective framework using identification and image reconstruction algorithm for train component defect detection

Applied Intelligence - Under long-term high-speed movement, the precision components of trains are extremely prone to defects, which could potentially endanger the safe operation of the train....     

Low-Power Design of Ethernet Data Transmission

For the reliability and power consumption issues of Ethernet data transmission based on the field programmable gate array （FPGA）, a low-power consumption design method is proposed, which is suitable for FPGA implementation. To reduce the dynamic power consumption of integrated circuit （IC） design, the proposed method adopts the dynamic control of the clock frequency. For most of the time, when the port is in the idle state or lower-rate state, users can reduce or even turn off the reading clock frequency and reduce the clock flip frequency in order to reduce the dynamic power consumption. When the receiving rate is high, the reading clock frequency will be improved timely to ensure that no data will lost. Simulated and verified by Modelsim, the proposed method can dynamically control the clock frequency, including the dynamic switching of high-speed and low-speed clock flip rates, or stop of the clock flip.     

Application Aware Topology Generation for Surface Wave Networks-on-Chip

The networks-on-chip （NoC） communication has an increasingly larger impact on the system power consumption and performance. Emerging technologies, like surface wave, are believed to have lower transmission latency and power consumption over the conventional wireless NoC. Therefore, this paper studies how to optimize the network performance and power consumption by giving the packet-switching fabric and traffic pattern of each application. Compared with the conventional method of wire-linked, which adds wireless transceivers by using the genetic algorithm （GA）, the proposed maximal declining sorting algorithm （MDSA） can effectively reduce time consumption by as much as 20.4% to 35.6%. We also evaluate the power consumption and configuration time to prove the effective of the proposed algorithm.     

光学遥感对地成像过程中的邻近效应模拟分析

光学遥感的邻近效应可以看作大气点扩散函数(PSF)和地表辐射场的卷积,通过逆向蒙特卡罗法模拟大气PSF,利用辐射传输模型MODTRAN计算地表辐射场,获得遥感器入瞳处的辐亮度值.开展不同对比度目标背景物在典型条件下的邻近效应模拟与分析,结果显示:目标和背景的反射率分布对邻近效应影响很大,背景反射率越大,邻近效应占总辐射的比例越高;暗目标在亮背景下的邻近效应明显大于亮目标在暗背景下的邻近效应;固定成像高度和区域,空间分辨率越高,邻近效应越明显;地面气象视距对邻近效应的影响非常显著,气象视距增大,邻近效应减弱;太阳天顶角增大,邻近效应减弱.模拟结果为高分辨率光学遥感成像系统高精度建模和邻近效应校正算法研究提供了依据.     

中孔炭的水玻璃模板法制备、结构调控及球形功能化

以廉价水玻璃为原料, 通过控制水解条件, 合成出具有不同尺寸的SiO₂溶胶, 并与间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)溶胶形成均相的凝胶复合物, 经常压干燥、炭化、酸洗, 得到具有可控结构的中孔炭材料。考察了水解温度、水解时间和反应物组成对孔结构的影响, 并通过氮气吸附、扫描电镜和透射电镜对材料的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明: 中孔炭的孔隙反相复制于SiO₂凝胶网络, 其平均孔径随水解时间的延长或水解温度的升高而增大, 并在6~12 nm范围内精细调控, 而其总孔隙率可以通过改变炭、SiO₂前驱体比例调节。对液相复合溶胶通过悬浮聚合法和喷雾干燥法处理, 分别制备出毫米级和微米级的中孔炭球, 进而实现了中孔炭在宏观形貌上的调控。本工作为中孔炭的低成本制备、精细结构调控以及球形功能化提供了重要参考。     

基于稀疏表示的KCCA方法及在表情识别中的应用

在面部表情识别中,由于图像特征中存在与情感语义无关的信息及噪声干扰等因素,在一定程度上影响表情识别的准确性。传统的基于核典型相关分析的识别方法难以有效克服这些因素的影响。为尽可能排除这些影响表情识别的因素,提出一种基于稀疏表示的核典型相关分析方法,并将其应用于表情识别中。该方法的基本思想是应用稀疏学习方法来自动选择表情特征矩阵中的关键特征谱成分进行表情特征与情感语义特征之间的相关性建模,然后通过建立的模型完成对待测表情图像的语义特征估计,并用于表情的分类识别。为验证所提方法较传统的基于核典型相关分析方法的优越性,选取国际标准表情数据库JAFFE进行实验,实验结果证实了所提方法的有效性。     

微波辐照气相法合成氮掺杂石墨烯

以天然鳞片石墨为原料, 采用Staudenmaier法先制备出石墨氧化物, 再经饱和碳酸铵溶液浸渍后生成NH₄⁺插层石墨氧化物. 在微波照射下, NH₄⁺分解生成的NH₃与剥离的石墨烯氧化物反应原位合成出氮掺杂石墨烯. 通过SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD、XPS和Raman测试手段对氮掺杂石墨烯进行了表征. 结果表明, 所合成的氮掺杂石墨烯呈透明绢丝状结构, 每个石墨烯片含有2~5层石墨层; 氮元素含量为1.56wt%, 其中N元素是以pyridinc N、 pyrrolic N和graphitic N形式掺入石墨层网格中.     

Three-point bending behavior of surface composite Al2O3/Ni on bronze substrate produced by vacuum infiltration casting

Al₂O₃/Ni surface infiltrated composite layer is a protective surface layer. It was fabricated on bronze substrate through vacuum infiltration casting technique using Ni-based powder and Al₂O₃ powder with different content as raw materials. With an appropriate choice of processing condition, a compact infiltrated layer is achievable as conformed through SEM observation. The infiltrated layer consists of surface composite layer and transition layer, and the thickness of transition layer decreases with increasing content of Al₂O₃. Metallurgical fusion formed at the interface between the surface infiltrated composite layer and substrate. Three-point bending tests were carried to investigate the mechanical and bonding properties of the surface infiltrated layer. It was found that load-holding circumstance appeared on the load–displacement curve of specimen with surface infiltrated layer comparing with that of the substrate. The peak load reduces with increasing content of Al₂O₃. The fracture extended to the substrate for specimen with Al₂O₃ content less than 20 (wt%). The fracture direction of specimen more than 30% with Al₂O₃ (wt%) is along with the interface of the surface composite and the substrate because of the thinner transition layer.     

分层实体制造中金属层片连接的扩散焊接工艺

基于分层实体制造中金属层片的连接问题, 采用金属层片间预置中间层(纯铜箔和镀铜层)工艺, 在870～1 020 ℃温度范围对0Cr18Ni9Ti 不锈钢薄板进行真空热压扩散焊接试验。结果表明, 随着焊接温度和压力的提高, 焊接头强度提高, 热变形增大;在不锈钢层片间预置铜箔, 其焊接头剪切强度高于无夹层试件, 并且焊接头剪切强度随中间层厚度减小而进一步提高。     

Batch and continuous biohydrogen production from starch hydrolysate by Clostridium species

In this study, hydrogen gas was produced from starch feedstock via combination of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and dark hydrogen fermentation. Starch hydrolysis was conducted using batch culture of Caldimonas taiwanensis On1 able to hydrolyze starch completely under the optimal condition of 55 °C and pH 7.5, giving a yield of 0.46–0.53 g reducing sugar/g starch. Five H₂-producing pure strains and a mixed culture were used for hydrogen production from raw and hydrolyzed starch. All the cultures could produce H₂ from hydrolyzed starch, whereas only two pure strains (i.e., Clostridium butyricum CGS2 and CGS5) and the mixed culture were able to ferment raw starch. Nevertheless, all the cultures displayed higher hydrogen production efficiencies while using the starch hydrolysate, leading to a maximum specific H₂ production rate of 116 and 118 ml/g VSS/h, for Cl. butyricumCGS2 and Cl. pasteurianum CH5, respectively. Meanwhile, the H₂ yield obtained from strain CGS2 and strain CH5 was 1.23 and 1.28 mol H₂/mol glucose, respectively. The best starch-fermenting strain Cl. butyricum CGS2 was further used for continuous H₂ production using hydrolyzed starch as the carbon source under different hydraulic retention time (HRT). When the HRT was gradually shortened from 12 to 2 h, the specific H₂ production rate increased from 250 to 534 ml/g  VSS/h, whereas the H₂ yield decreased from 2.03 to 1.50  mol H₂/mol glucose. While operating at 2 h HRT, the volumetric H₂ production rate reached a high level of 1.5 l/h/l.