全文获取类型
收费全文 | 88905篇 |
免费 | 8079篇 |
国内免费 | 5643篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 10906篇 |
技术理论 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 8836篇 |
化学工业 | 10934篇 |
金属工艺 | 3622篇 |
机械仪表 | 4234篇 |
建筑科学 | 12355篇 |
矿业工程 | 4292篇 |
能源动力 | 3304篇 |
轻工业 | 6574篇 |
水利工程 | 4863篇 |
石油天然气 | 4422篇 |
武器工业 | 932篇 |
无线电 | 4188篇 |
一般工业技术 | 6229篇 |
冶金工业 | 4282篇 |
原子能技术 | 1076篇 |
自动化技术 | 11574篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 241篇 |
2023年 | 1203篇 |
2022年 | 1855篇 |
2021年 | 2393篇 |
2020年 | 2560篇 |
2019年 | 2310篇 |
2018年 | 2147篇 |
2017年 | 2480篇 |
2016年 | 2857篇 |
2015年 | 3026篇 |
2014年 | 5096篇 |
2013年 | 4928篇 |
2012年 | 6042篇 |
2011年 | 6553篇 |
2010年 | 5032篇 |
2009年 | 5425篇 |
2008年 | 4897篇 |
2007年 | 6081篇 |
2006年 | 5564篇 |
2005年 | 4909篇 |
2004年 | 4117篇 |
2003年 | 3545篇 |
2002年 | 3021篇 |
2001年 | 2588篇 |
2000年 | 2357篇 |
1999年 | 2016篇 |
1998年 | 1527篇 |
1997年 | 1390篇 |
1996年 | 1157篇 |
1995年 | 1044篇 |
1994年 | 837篇 |
1993年 | 670篇 |
1992年 | 627篇 |
1991年 | 402篇 |
1990年 | 323篇 |
1989年 | 319篇 |
1988年 | 203篇 |
1987年 | 126篇 |
1986年 | 103篇 |
1985年 | 104篇 |
1984年 | 92篇 |
1983年 | 86篇 |
1982年 | 59篇 |
1981年 | 60篇 |
1980年 | 42篇 |
1979年 | 40篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1959年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
Mengru Liu Weihai Zhang Limin Ma 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2022,36(1):69-87
The article investigates the finite-time adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with output constraint and input dead-zone. First, by skillfully combining the barrier Lyapunov function, backstepping design method, and finite-time control theory, a novel adaptive state-feedback tracking controller is constructed, and the output constraint of the nonlinear system is not violated. Second, the fuzzy logic system is used to approximate unknown function in the nonlinear system. Third, the finite-time command filter is introduced to avoid the problem of “complexity explosion” caused by repeated differentiations of the virtual control signal in conventional backstepping control schemes. Meanwhile, a new saturation function is added in the compensating signal for filter error to improve control accuracy. Finally, based on Lyapunov stability analysis, all the signals of the closed-loop are proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood region of the origin in a finite time. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness for the proposed control scheme. 相似文献
2.
本文主要总结了新冠疫情期间作者的电磁场理论课程在线教学经验。对比分析了录播和直播的优缺点后,选择录播教学方式。基于超星网络教学平台,展示了录播网络教学的具体措施,包括网上答疑和学习效果检查以及在线批改作业等。给出了网络教学可以为线下教学继续使用的方法和手段,为疫情结束后的正常教学提供了新的网络教学补充措施。 相似文献
3.
Yuhang Xing Ruyi Li Lu Xue Mianhong Chen Xuli Lu Zhihao Duan Wei Zhou Jihua Li 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(8):5268-5279
Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W1/O/W2 emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL−1. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W1/O/W2 emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin. 相似文献
4.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2022,14(5):1470-1485
In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently, which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure (EWP). By means of a three-dimensional (3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system (TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system (ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice, including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 kPa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test. 相似文献
5.
Tomohiro Toigawa Yasuhiro Tsubata Takeshi Kai Takuya Furuta Yuta Kumagai Tatsuro Matsumura 《溶剂提取与离子交换》2021,39(1):74-89
ABSTRACT Absorbed-dose estimation is essential for evaluation of the radiation tolerance of minor-actinide-separation processes. We propose a dose-evaluation method based on radiation permeability, with comparisons of heterogeneous structures seen in the solvent-extraction process, such as emulsions forming in the mixture of the organic and aqueous phases. A demonstration of radiation-energy-transfer simulation is performed with a focus on the minor-actinide-recovery process from high-level liquid waste with the aid of the Monte Carlo radiation-transport code PHITS. The simulation results indicate that the dose absorbed by the extraction solvent from alpha radiation depends upon the emulsion structure, and that from beta and gamma radiation depends upon the mixer-settler-apparatus size. Non-negligible contributions of well-permeable gamma rays were indicated in terms of the plant operation of the minor-actinide-separation process. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(4):2279-2292
A new catalyst for both water reduction and oxidation, based on an infinite chain, {[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n, is formed by the reaction of NiCl2, 1,3-propanediamine (tn) and K3 [Fe(CN)6]. {[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n can electro-catalyze hydrogen evolution from a neutral aqueous buffer (pH 7.0) with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1561 mol of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour (H2/mol catalyst/h) at an overpotential (OP) of 837 mV {[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n also can electro-catalyze O2 production from water with a TOF of ~45 mol O2 (mol cat)?1s?1 at an OP of 591 mV. Under blue light (λ = 469 nm), together with CdS nanorods (CdS NRs) as a photosensitizer, and ascorbic acid (H2A) as a sacrificial electron donor, {[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n can photo-catalyze hydrogen generation from an aqueous buffer (pH 4.0) with a turnover number (TON) of 11,450 mol H2 per mole of catalyst (mol of H2 (mol of cat)?1) during 10 h irradiation. The average of apparent quantum yield (AQY) is as high as 40.96% during 10 h irradiation. Studies indicate that {[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n exists in two forms: a cyano-bridged chain ({[Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)4 (μ-CN)2]2}n) in solid, and a salt ([Ni(tn)2]3 [Fe(CN)6]2) in aqueous media; Catalytic reaction occurs on the nickel center of [Ni(tn)2]2+, and the introduction of [Fe(CN)6]3- can improve the catalytic efficiency of [Ni(tn)2]2+ for H2 or O2 generation. We hope these findings can afford a new method for the design of catalysts for both water reduction and oxidation. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(73):36301-36313
By choosing a triple block polymer, poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS), as the backbone and adopting a long side-chain double-cation crosslinking strategy, a series of SEBS-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) was successively synthesized by chloromethylation, quaternization, crosslinking, solution casting, and alkalization. The 70C16-SEBS-TMHDA membrane showed high OH− conductivity (72.13 mS/cm at 80 °C) and excellent alkali stability (only 10.86% degradation in OH− conductivity after soaking in 4-M NaOH for 1700 h at 80 °C). Furthermore, the SR was only 9.3% at 80 °C and the peak power density of the H2/O2 single cell was up to 189 mW/cm2 at a current density of 350 mA/cm2 at 80 °C. By introducing long flexible side chains into a polymer SEBS backbone, the structure of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic microphase separation in the membrane was constructed to improve the ionic conductivity. Additionally, network crosslinked structure improved dimensional stability and mechanical properties. 相似文献
8.
Residential natural gas consumption depends on several factors. Available tools and methods to identify, categorize, and validate effective factors have some limitations, making consumption modeling more complex. Once a comprehensive model of effective consumption factors is developed for residential gas consumers, it can predict consumption. In addition, such a model could be used to verify the accuracy of measuring devices in order to reduce unaccounted for gas (UFG). The key factors affecting residential gas consumption were identified based on previous studies and their mutual effects were analyzed using a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) method. The most significant factors and their effects on natural gas consumption in the residential sector were determined. In this study, for the first time, the expected consumption for each consumer was estimated using a consumption index. Generally, if the estimated consumption is significantly different from the amount recorded by the meter, it could suggest a potential source of UFG. The proposed method was applied to the data collected from the residential gas consumers of a small region in Iran (Dasht-e Arjan region, Fars province), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
9.
针对常见泥石流防治结构被冲击破坏的问题,基于“柔性消能”理念,结合张弦梁结构和竖向预应力锚杆技术,提出一种既能改善结构受力性能、增加结构整体抗冲击能力、保证结构安全可靠,又能减小结构构件截面尺寸、节约成本、便于现场施工组装和后期运营维护的新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝,并阐述其技术原理。根据泥石流荷载分布和新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的受力特征,给出其简化的内力计算方法;并利用SAP2000建立新结构有限元模型,分析了结构的整体受力,验证了构件简化计算方法的合理性;结合Python语言和Qt De? signer软件开发了相应的设计计算软件,对新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的内力进行求解。结果表明:提出的新结构抗冲击性能好,构件受力均匀;以后设计中应关注竖杆的剪切脆性破坏和立柱偏心受力情况,保证结构安全;变形协调仅使底层张弦梁与竖杆内力偏大,实际工程应用时,应着重验算底层构件,防止其破坏;文中提出的简化计算方法能较准确的反映结构的受力特性,具有一定的合理性,研究可为新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的设计计算和推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
10.
Developing the thermal stability of metal-based ceramic composites or their films has always been challenging and bottlenecks for the utilization of energy. In this paper, the novel mesh-like functional Al doped-MoO3 nanocomposite film with even distribution and high purity was firstly fabricated by the high-efficiency electrophoretic deposition and surface modification. The optimal suspension turned out to be the mixture of isopropanol and the additives of polyethyleneimine and benzoic acid. The microtopography, crystalline structure, environmental resistance and thermal stability were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), exposure and droplet-impacting test, DSC analysis and ignition test, respectively. The water contact angle and sliding angle of product can reach ~170° and <1°, indicating the excellent anti-wetting property. In addition, the high heat-release (~3180 J/g) of product all kept almost unchangeable after six months exposure experiments, demonstrating the outstanding thermostability. The exquisite design idea here can perfectly match microelectromechanical system (MEMS), providing the valuable reference for fabricating other metal-based high-energy composites with long lifespan for real industrial applications. 相似文献