Cultivation and downstream processing of microalgae and cyanobacteria to generate protein-based technofunctional food ingredients

Abstract

Microalgae are unicellular microorganisms that can be rich in proteins and are therefore a valuable ingredient in different foods. So far microalgae are mainly utilized in foods in low concentrations as a whole-cell ingredient even though it is known that proteins extracted from microalgae can possibly posess various technofunctional properties, such as high protein solubility, emulsification, foaming, and gelation properties. The widespread usage of protein-rich ingredients obtained from microalgae is for the most part prevented by the high price of the biomass, the lack of efficient downstream processes, and the adverse taste. The aim of this review is to give insights into the fundamental properties of the growth and processing of microalgae, highlight the advantages of microalgae ingredients and show potential applications based on the technofunctional, nutritional and sensory properties that were reported. Moreover, the existing challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder the application of microalgal proteins in foods are discussed.     

从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺研究

为确定从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件,以山西省临汾市菜西瓜为材料,采用酸法进行了提取果胶的试验研究。正交试验结果表明:在萃取时间为45min的前提下,从瓜瓤中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件是加水量为原料重量的4倍,85℃下,添加原料重量0.3％的多聚磷酸钠,果胶得率可达2.03％;从外果皮中提取果胶,加水量为原料重量的4倍,75℃下,添加原料重量0.7％的多聚磷酸钠,果胶得率可达2.98％。     

Further compositional analyses of flax: Mucilage,trypsin inhibitors and hydrocyanic acid

Registered Canadian cultivars of flax, and laboratory-prepared and commercially obtained samples of linseed meal (LM), were used to determine extract viscosity and mucilage, trypsin inhibitors and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) concentrations. The mucilage readily leached out from the seed coat (hull) fragments soaked in water, leaving behind pentagon-shaped cells that could be seen clearly in scanning electron micrographs. Extract viscosity significantly varied in the laboratory-prepared (23–48 cS) and commercially obtained (30–68 cS) samples of LM and may be used to obtain an indirect, qualitative estimate of flax mucilage. Mucilage was extracted from whole seed in 5.0–5.3% yields and contained 20–24% protein (about 10% ash and 30% total carbohydrates). Laboratory-prepared LM (raw) contained 42–51 units of trypsin inhibitor activity, commercially obtained samples, 14–37 units, and raw rapeseed and soybean meals, 99 and 1650 units, respectively. Picric acid tests (qualitative) showed only traces of HCN in ten cultivars of freshly ground flax. The acid silver nitrate titration procedure measured HCN quantitatively, but showed its presence only in three of the five cultivars investigated. HCN was conveniently measured by a colorimetric procedure (barbituric acidpyridine reaction), which may be used to screen flax cultivars. HCN content of flax was significantly influenced by environments (growth location and season) and, to a less extent, by cultivar.     

香荚兰豆专题系列之六-影响香荚兰豆萃取物品质的因素及掺假的鉴别

本文主要叙述了作者在十多年来香荚兰豆萃取物的生产研究和学习心得,在我国卷烟、食品、香料香精工业中对香荚兰豆萃取物的加工及应用日益增多的今天,具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

基于神经网络的硬质合金刀片槽型断屑范围的预报

本文是在神经网络理论的基础上，对硬质合金刀片槽型进行了三维特征提取，并详细介绍了各类槽型的待征简化规则及依据，最后用神经网络进行预报，给出几种典型刀片的预报区域图。     

基于ESB的实时ETL系统的设计与实现

随着数据仓库技术的应用发展,企业对数据的处理要求更短的延迟,具有一定的实时需求,而目前的大部分系统都不具备该特性。提出了一种基于ESB平台的实时ETL解决方案,通过在ESB平台上运行的组件实现ETL功能,利用实时分区加载和更新实时数据。实验表明,该设计方案能够实现实时ETL功能,并具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。     

粮食行业数据仓库构建*

在充分考虑粮食企业业务运行系统的现有状况和深入分析用户决策需求的前提下,借鉴数据仓库技术的基本组成,研发了一个ETL（Extract,Transform and Load）程序,与Businessobjects,Sybase等产品共同构建了粮食行业数据仓库。     

基于网站用词调查的现代维吾尔语词干提取和应用研究

通过对维吾尔文网站的词干应用状况调查,进而对现代维吾尔文词干的提取和应用进行研究。陈述调查使用的语料媒体来源、应用领域、采集的语料时间跨度与统计方法;介绍词干概念;讨论现代维吾尔语词干提取系统;研究词干在网络媒体语料中应用形式;介绍和讨论词干分布结果,最后总结以上内容。     

汉英短语翻译对的自动抽取

介绍从平行语料库中如何抽取双语短语翻译对。首先用统计模型正则期望从汉语专利语料库中抽取汉语短语。抽取的短语利用统计知识和语言学知识来过滤,使得过滤后汉语短语的正确率较高;其次,利用词对齐工具Giza++从汉英平行语料库中抽取词汇对齐,在词汇对齐的基础上利用开源工具Moses抽取汉英短语对齐,根据短语对齐与抽取出的高质量汉语短语的交集来抽取候选的汉英互译的源语言短语;接着使用停用词、对数似然估计法LLR和上下文熵来对英语短语翻译进行过滤。实验结果表明,过滤后,抽取的汉语短语准确率为97.6%,汉英短语翻译对的准确率为92.4%。     

树结构在几种特殊签名中的应用研究

树结构的层次性和链式的存储方式使其在数据查找的实现中体现出很高的效率,在数据插入和删除等操作的实现中无需移动大量节点,因而不仅在计算机科学领域具有广泛的应用,在实现特殊的信息安全方面也具有独特的作用。文章研究如何将树结构应用于仅增签名、前向安全签名、递增签名、可修订签名、内容抽取签名等特殊签名方案的问题,比较分析基于树结构的方案与普通方案在功能和效率上的差异。