浅圆仓磷化氢环流熏蒸生产性杀虫试验

主要介绍了浅圆仓环流熏蒸生产性杀虫试验效果.试验表明对不同虫情的粮食,其熏蒸浓度应控制在100～200mL/m3范围,密闭15～25d,可取得较好的杀虫效果.此外,在采用环流熏蒸时,还要考虑产气方式的简便性、经济性等问题.     

钢筋砼立筒仓两种施药方法熏蒸效果的比较

针对气密性较差的钢筋砼立筒仓 ,选择了AlP自然潮解环流熏蒸和PH3与CO2 混合环流熏蒸两种技术 .从PH3浓度变化、CT积和试虫死亡情况对比分析 ,对经气密性测试 (从 5 0 0Pa降至 2 5 0Pa)半衰期不足 2 5s的钢筋砼立筒仓 ,AlP自然潮解环流熏蒸效果优于PH3与CO2 混合环流熏蒸 .     

Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Toxicity of the fumigant propylene oxide (PPO) alone and in combination with low pressure (100 mm Hg) or 92% CO₂ to all life stages of Tribolium castaneum using short exposure times (4 and 8 h) at 30°C was studied. Results indicated that PPO was moderately toxic with Ct products ranging from 120 to 608 mg h/l required to obtain complete mortality of the different life stages. A marked difference in susceptibility between life stages was recorded. Eggs were the most sensitive with a LD₉₉ value of 30.1 mg/l for 4 h, whereas pupae were the most tolerant with a LD₉₉ value of 146.5 mg/l. It was shown that an increase in exposure time from 4 to 8 h resulted in 23%, 42%, 48% and 47% reductions of LD₉₉ values for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults, respectively.There was no or very limited mortality of all stages except the egg (53% to 62%), when exposed to either 100 mm Hg or 92% CO₂ for 4 h. However, when 100 mm Hg or 92% CO₂ were combined with PPO, the LD₅₀ and LD₉₉ values for PPO in all stages except the egg were significantly reduced. Combinations of PPO with 100 mm Hg or 92% CO₂ produced equal reductions in the LD₉₉ value from 146.5 to about 22 mg/l for the most tolerant pupal stage. Both combinations also produced significant reductions in the LD₉₉ values for larvae and adults (6.3- to 6.6-fold) compared with those exposed to PPO alone. These results indicated that 100 mm Hg and 92% CO₂ each had a synergistic effect on the toxicity of PPO to T. castaneum. The combination of PPO with vacuum or CO₂ can thus provide a potential alternative to methyl bromide.     

储粮中书虱的熏蒸防治

分析了储粮书虱防治中存在的问题.综述了书虱的发生特性,包括储粮中发生的书虱种类、与防治相关的生物学特性、储粮中书虱的发生特点等.讨论了书虱对磷化氢的耐受力和抗性研究情况.介绍了采用磷化氢熏蒸书虱时的技术要点和磷化氢混合熏蒸的一些经验等.     

Monitoring of particulate pollution —an inexpensive technique

Air quality monitoring has become a very important task. Conventional methods for monitoring particulate matter are tedious and require considerable effort and manpower. This paper provides the results of investigations in developing an inexpensive technique to monitor air pollution due to particulate matter. Three plants (i) Pedilanthus tithymaloides, (ii) Pedilanthus varigatum and (iii) Nephrolepis exaltata are selected for the study.

From the investigations, it is found that the inexpensive technique is very useful in developiong and under developed countries. It is also established that certain types of plants are quite effective in arresting particulate matter.     

储粮熏蒸过程中磷化氢浓度的分布模型及验证研究

谷物在长期储存过程中会受到害虫的侵扰,通常需要使用诸如磷化氢等适量的熏蒸剂对仓储粮食进行熏蒸,从而杀死害虫,同时又要避免害虫产生耐药性和熏蒸剂的残留。本研究首先建立和验证了熏蒸剂(磷化氢)的对流扩散和吸附模型,并采用计算流体动力学方法对圆筒仓内谷物熏蒸过程中磷化氢质量浓度进行了数值预测,分析了熏蒸过程中磷化氢的质量浓度分布规律,得出熏蒸过程中磷化氢质量浓度分布是不均匀的,并且受到谷物吸附和不可逆化学反应的双重影响。     

NO熏蒸调控冷藏枸杞鲜果活性氧代谢减轻褐变

为探明NO熏蒸降低冷藏枸杞鲜果活性氧代谢减轻褐变,以“宁杞七号”枸杞鲜果为试验材料,采用300 μL/L（0 μL/L NO为对照）的NO气体对“宁杞七号”熏蒸处理3 h,贮藏于3±0.5 ℃条件。结果表明：NO熏蒸处理能显著抑制枸杞鲜果褐变度的上升（p<0.05）。在贮藏末期,NO熏蒸处理组枸杞鲜果还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力分别较对照组高32.65%、0.03%、0.21%;氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、超氧阴离子（O2-）生成速率及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力分别较对照组低18.97%、28.21%、42.99%、0.08%;与贮藏第0 d相比,对照组抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活力上升5.33%,处理组下降29.39%,对照组谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活力下降31.52%,处理组上升1.22%。且在整个贮藏过程中,NO处理组枸杞鲜果中还原型抗坏血酸（ASA）含量及GSH/GSSG值均显著高于对照组（p<0.05）。综合以上结果说明,300 μL/L NO熏蒸处理加快了活性氧自由基清除速率,维持细胞膜的完整性,从而延缓了枸杞鲜果的褐变进程。     

立筒储粮仓内环流熏蒸杀虫技术初探

军粮城机米厂在大型钢筋水泥立简仓,进行全仓密封改造和安装环流管道,使用溴甲烷环流熏蒸,杀虫效果达到百分之百。自1984年开始试验,1986年9月通过专家鉴定,直至目前,每年都要进行多次熏蒸,已成为一种不可缺少的安全、有效的杀虫方法,不但提高了杀虫效果,节约了费用,还极大地缩短了处理时间和节省了劳力。     

CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣的疗效

目的：探讨CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣的临床疗效。方法将80例多发性跖疣患者按治疗方法的不同分为3组：对照组（20例）、治疗1组（30例）和治疗2组（30例）。3组均在局部麻醉下行CO2激光治疗。在此基础上,治疗1组采用匹多莫德片治疗。治疗2组采用匹多莫德片治疗,同时采用中药熏洗治疗。观察3组的临床疗效及复发率情况。结果治疗1组有效率、复发率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（70．0％、20．0％比55．0％、25．0％,均P＞0．05）。与对照组、治疗1组比较,治疗2组有效率明显升高,复发率明显降低（96．7％、3．3％比55．0％、25．0％,70．0％、20．0％,均P＜0．05）。结论CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣可显著提高有效率,降低复发率,减少不良反应,值得临床应用。