Thermal-mechanical fatigue simulation of a P91 steel in a temperature range of 400–600°C

Abstract

This paper deals with the identification of material constants to simulate the effect of cyclic mechanical loading and temperatures. A Chaboche viscoplasticity model was used in this study to model the thermal-mechanical behaviour of a P91 martensitic steel. A fully-reversed cyclic mechanical testing programme was conducted isothermally between 400 and 600°C with a strain amplitude of 0.5%, to identify the model constants using a thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) test machine. Thermo-mechanical tests of P91 steel were conducted for two temperature ranges of 400 – 500°C and 400 – 600°C. From the test results, it can be seen that the P91 steel exhibits cyclic softening throughout the life of the specimens, for both isothermal and thermal-mechanical loading and this effect can be modelled by the set of viscoplasticity constants obtained. Finite element simulations of the test specimens show good comparison to isothermal and TMF experimental data.     

Stress update algorithm for the combined viscoplastic and plastic behaviours of single‐crystal superalloys

A crystallographic constitutive model is developed, which accounts for both rate‐sensitive and rate‐insensitive flow. Single‐crystal plasticity and viscoplasticity are the limiting cases of the model, so that it properly reflects the material response over a wide temperature range. A non‐linear dynamic recovery is included to properly describe ratchetting. We provide a robust integration scheme based on generalization of the return‐mapping algorithm and of the procedure for active set search. The implicit integration and consistent tangent are implemented through the UMAT subroutine in the ABAQUS finite element program. The capability of the model to account for both high and low strain rates is demonstrated in numerical examples. Finally, the stability of integration scheme and quadratic convergence of the global Newton–Raphson equilibrium iterations are demonstrated on the example of a notched bar under tension. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on Integrated Thermal Cycle and Vibration Profile for HALT

Focusing on electronic products, this paper establishes a finite element model for printed circuit board （PCB） assembling with enhanced ball grid array（EBGA）component under vibration environment. Based on this model, it studies relations between fatigue rate of solder joint and temperature, vibration frequency. Moreover, it analyzes propagation of micro-crack produced by thermal cycle under vibration stress. The results offer a method to optimize the thermal cycle and vibration integrated profile and to combine vibration test and thermal cycling for highly accelerated life test （HALT）.     

Cyclic thermo-mechanical material modelling and testing of 316 stainless steel

A programme of cyclic mechanical testing of a 316 stainless steel, at temperatures of up to 600 °C under isothermal conditions, for the identification of material constitutive constants, has been carried out using a thermo-mechanical fatigue test machine (with induction coil heating). The constitutive model adopted is a modified Chaboche unified viscoplasticity model, which can deal with both cyclic effects, such as combined isotropic and kinematic hardening, and rate-dependent effects, associated with viscoplasticity. The characterisation of 316 stainless steel is presented and compared with results from tests consisting of cyclic isothermal, as well as in-phase and out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue conditions, using interpolation between the isothermal material constants to predict the material behaviour under anisothermal conditions.     

Development of a unified viscoplasticity constitutive model based on classical plasticity theory

The traditional unified viscoplasticity constitutive model can be only applied to metal materials. The study of the unified constitutive theory for metal materials has discovered the correlation between the classical plasticity theory and the unified viscoplasticity constitutive model, thus leading to the concepts of the classic plastic potential and yield surface in the unified constitutive model. Moreover, this research has given the continuous expression of the classical plastic multiplier and presented the corresponding constructive method, which extends its physical significance and lays down a good foundation for the application of the unified constitutive theory to the material analysis in more fields. This paper also introduces the unified constitutive model for metal materials and geo-materials. The numerical simulation indicates that the construction should be both reasonable and practical. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90410012)     

复合改性双基推进剂黏弹性-黏塑性-黏损伤本构模型研究

为描述复合改性双基(CMDB)推进剂复杂的力学性能,推导出黏弹性-黏塑性-黏损伤本构模型。进行一系列蠕变-回复试验,获得了本构模型参数。通过不同应力水平和不同加载时间下的蠕变-回复试验和恒加载率-回复试验,验证了本构模型的有效性。结果表明：黏弹性-黏塑性-黏损伤本构模型能够预测CMDB推进剂的蠕变-回复响应和恒加载率-回复响应;与黏弹性-黏塑性本构模型相比,黏弹性-黏塑性-黏损伤模型对CMDB推进剂力学性能的预测能力明显提高;损伤变量随着应变增大,在经过缓慢增大和快速增大后逐渐趋于稳定,应变变化越慢,损伤变量越大,黏弹性-黏塑性-黏损伤模型和黏弹性-黏塑性模型的预测结果差别就越大。     

岩体粘塑性模型参数的反分析

基于弹—粘塑性有限元方法,探讨了通过反分析来确定P.Perzyna粘塑性本构模型中反映岩体粘塑性变形的流动系数和屈服函数的函数的方法,并用实测数据检验了这一反分析方法的可行性。     

Simulating the propagation of displacement discontinuities in a regularized strain‐softening medium

A numerical model is developed which allows the inclusion of displacement discontinuities in a strain‐softening medium, independent of the finite element mesh structure. Inelastic deformations develop in the continuum and, when a critical threshold of inelastic deformation is reached, a displacement discontinuity is inserted. Discontinuities are introduced using the partition of unity concept which allows discontinuous functions to be added to the standard finite element basis. It is shown that the introduction of displacement discontinuities at the later stages of the failure process can lead to a failure mode that is fundamentally different than that using a continuum model only. This combined continuum‐discontinuous model is better able to describe the entire failure process than a continuum or a discrete model alone and treats mode‐I and mode‐II failure in a unified fashion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling of Constitutive Behavior for Epon 828/T-403 at High Strain Rates

Experimental results on the uniaxial compressive stress-strainbehavior of Epon 828/T-403 over a strain rate range from 1.1 × 10^–4 to 5.2 × 10³ s^–1were simulated using a viscoelastic viscoplastic constitutive modeldeveloped by Hasan and Boyce (1995). An optimal combination of materialparameters for the constitutive model was determined by curve-fittingthe experimental results. A comparison between the modeling andexperimental results shows that this model, with proper parameters, iscapable of capturing the strain-rate effects, as well as the typicalpolymeric compressive stress-strain behavior, of Epon 828/T-403, whichincludes the stages of linearly elastic, nonlinearly elastic, yield-like(peak) behavior, strain softening, and nearly perfect flow. For all thestress-strain behavior modeled over seven decades of strain rate span,the maximum error between modeling and experimental results is less than25%. The temperature increase induced by the dissipated plasticwork is also computed and found to be between 3 and8°C at these strain rates.     

振动拉伸的弹粘塑性模型

基于弹粘塑性本构关系 ,讨论了附加振动时单轴拉伸的应变及应力变化过程。分析结果表明 ,本文所给出的力学模型 ,再现了振动拉伸过程中的应力超调及平均应力降低等现象