水解蛋黄粉Bonepep对骨代谢的影响

在小鼠和人体预实验水平上,作者旨在研究源于鸡蛋蛋黄的水解蛋黄粉(Bonepep)对骨质代谢的影响。给SD小鼠喂食10 mg/(kg·d)和100 mg/(kg·d)的Bonepep,使小鼠胫骨伸长提高了4.5%和10.3%。SD小鼠在长时间高剂量喂食后,其喂食期间各项生理生化指标与对照组比较未发生显著变化。而摄食Bonepep的小鼠尿样中脱氧吡啶啉(Dpyr)含量与未喂食的对照组降低了84.6%,其大腿端部断面中海绵骨明显减少。女性志愿者连续服用5周水解蛋黄粉后,其尿样中反映骨吸收指标的脱氧吡啶啉(DPD)与、尿中I型胶原交联N末端肽(NTx)水平无显著变化,但反映骨形成指标的骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)活性则提高了14.6%。上述结果表明,水解蛋黄粉能够有效地抑制破骨分化和促进成骨生长。     

蛋黄来源的骨代谢改善物质-水解蛋黄粉的开发

鸡蛋是营养价值较高、营养齐全的食品。鸡蛋在温暖的条件下21d就孵化成小鸡。鸡蛋中含有构成生命体的所有成分,孵化期间蛋壳中的钙慢慢的溶解,被利用到小鸡的骨的成分中。此时由于蛋黄中肽的作用,促进钙形成小鸡的骨骼。其中,特别关注形成小鸡骨骼的成分,开发了来源于鸡蛋蛋黄的骨代谢改善物质-水解蛋黄粉。骨骼在正常情况下是由骨芽细胞和破骨细胞来维持骨形成和骨吸收的平衡,通过破坏旧骨、制造新骨来保持一定的骨量。我们通过动物试验调查了水解蛋黄粉对骨代谢的影响。给成长期大鼠摄取水解蛋黄粉后,调查对骨形成的影响,确认了摄取水解蛋黄粉有意地促进胫骨的伸长度。给绝经后骨质疏松症模型-小鼠长期摄取水解蛋黄粉,调查对骨吸收的影响,确认了水解蛋黄粉摄取群比非摄取群明显地抑制骨密度的减少。     

不同浓度牛乳铁蛋白对成骨细胞与破骨细胞共培养的影响

研究证实牛乳铁蛋白具有成骨活性功能,既能刺激成骨细胞增殖,也能诱导破骨细胞凋亡。骨骼的生长发育是一动态平衡的生物过程,是通过成骨细胞诱导的骨生成和破骨细胞诱导的骨吸收所调节的。采用成骨细胞MC3T3-E1细胞与破骨前体细胞RAW264.7细胞1∶1的比例直接接触的共培养方式,研究不同浓度(20、100、500μg/m L)的牛乳铁蛋白对共培养中成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性以及破骨细胞骨吸收功能的影响。首先,通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测试剂盒检测共培养上清中的ALP活性,发现低浓度的牛乳铁蛋白能够抑制成骨细胞的ALP活性,而中高浓度的牛乳铁蛋白能够显著地促进成骨细胞的ALP活性。利用TRAP活性检测试剂盒及ELISA检测试剂盒,则发现低中浓度的牛乳铁蛋白能够促进破骨细胞的TRAP活性,而高浓度的牛乳铁蛋白能够显著地抑制破骨细胞的TRAP活性和共培养体系RANKL/OPG的比值。最后,通过骨吸收陷窝实验,证实了中高浓度组的牛乳铁蛋白能够显著地抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果表明了高浓度的牛乳铁蛋白在共培养体系中不仅能够促进成骨细胞的活性,并且对破骨细胞具有抑制活性及功能的作用。     

夏枯草黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的抑制作用

本研究通过干预去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松动物模型,探讨夏枯草黄酮对骨质疏松大鼠骨量、生物力学性能及骨代谢的影响。经夏枯草黄酮处理后,取血清检测血矿物质、护骨素(OPG)、碱性磷酸酶量(ALP)的含量变化,取各组股骨进行骨密度测定和骨组织形态检测,并用荧光定量PCR的方法检测Ⅰ型胶原、整合素β1与粘着斑激酶的mRNA表达。结果显示,夏枯草黄酮组ALP(3.03±0.22 IU/L)、破骨细胞数(0.23±0.05 1/mm2)、骨吸收周长百分数(14.94±5.12%)低于模型组(P0.05),而OPG量(186.34±44.21pg/mL)、骨密度、骨小梁相对体积(26.11±5.32%)和厚度(587.16±165.01?m)与模型组相比则有所增加(P0.05);表明夏枯草黄酮能够提升去卵巢大鼠的成骨细胞的功能,减缓骨吸收和骨代谢,促进骨形成,降低骨小梁损失,抑制骨量减少与骨强度降低,从而提升去卵巢大鼠的骨密度,最终对骨质疏松症起到了抑制作用。     

鹅骨胶原蛋白及肽对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖及向成骨分化的影响

本实验通过研究鹅骨胶原蛋白、含钙胶原蛋白、胶原肽、含钙胶原肽对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)增殖及向成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)分化的影响,阐述鹅骨胶原蛋白及多肽对骨质疏松的作用机制。采用MTT(噻唑蓝)法测定鹅骨胶原蛋白及多肽对BMSCs增殖的影响;碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色、ALP活性测定、茜素红染色和骨钙素(BGP)分泌量测定分析BMSCs成骨分化能力。结果表明,相较于对照组,试验组可促进BMSCs的增殖,第14d ALP染色试验组ALP染色阳性率显著高于对照组(p0.05),第7 d和第14 d鹅骨胶原蛋白及肽可显著提高ALP的活性表达(p0.05),第21 d茜素红染色试验组钙结节个数相较于对照组显著增加(p0.05),骨钙素分泌量试验组显著高于对照组(p0.05)。由此表明,大分子胶原蛋白、含钙大分子胶原蛋白、小分子胶原多肽、含钙小分子胶原多肽均可促进BMSCs的增殖及向成骨细胞分化,以含钙小分子胶原多肽作用效果最佳。     

细胞水平染料木素协同维生素D_3的抗骨质疏松作用

维生素D_3(Vitamin D_3,VD_3)和染料木素(Genistein,Gen)二者均具有抗骨质疏松作用,然而,二者协同作用机制及维生素D_3的抗骨质疏松作用使用剂量有待阐明。本研究报告了维生素D_3和染料木素对人成骨肉瘤细胞MG-63、小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7诱导的破骨细胞增殖与分化的影响机制。维生素D_3联合染料木素可显著促进成骨细胞的增殖分化,促进骨保护素(OPG)的表达,抑制核因子κB(NF-κB)受体激活剂(RANKL)的表达,提高OPG和RANKL mRNA表达比值。此外,维生素D_3在6.25～50.00μmol/L剂量范围,可促进破骨细胞的增殖和成熟,而联合染料木素后表现为显著抑制作用。维生素D_3可促进破骨细胞中组织蛋白酶K的表达,联合染料木素处理细胞,显著抑制酒石酸抗性磷酸酶(TRAP)和组织蛋白酶K的表达。试验结果表明,维生素D_3联合染料木素,可显著促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化。维生素D_3表现为浓度依赖的增强破骨细胞增殖和成熟作用,而联合染料木素可显著抑制破骨细胞增殖和成熟,间接起到抗骨质疏松作用。     

卵黄高磷蛋白磷酸肽及其钙螯合物在双细胞共培养体系中对成骨细胞分化的促进作用

研究了卵黄高磷蛋白磷酸肽（Phosvitin Phosphopeptide,PPP）及其钙螯合物（PPP-Ca）在成骨细胞（MC3T3-E1）和破骨前体细胞（RAW264.7）共培养体系中对成骨细胞分化的调节作用。对细胞毒性、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）的活性和TRAP染色进行分析;用RT-PCR技术进一步探究成骨细胞RANKL/OPG通路相关蛋白的mRNA表达情况。结果发现,PPP和PPP-Ca可以使MC3T3-E1体系中的AKP活性分别增加9.5%和12.7%;PPP和PPP-Ca的加入可以使MC3T3-E1体系中OPG基因mRNA的表达量从0.92分别提升至1.25和1.39、使RANKL基因mRNA的表达量从1.00分别提升至1.23和1.45。该研究结果表明,PPP和PPP-Ca可有效促进成骨细胞的分化。实验结果为进一步探索磷酸肽在多细胞模型体系中的作用提供了研究基础,同时为磷酸肽的功能活性开发提供理论依据。     

乳铁蛋白促进骨健康作用的研究进展

乳铁蛋白是一种由上皮细胞分泌产生的分子量大约为80 ku的糖蛋白,在体内和体外都有很好的促进骨生长的作用,乳铁蛋白促进骨健康作用机制主要包括抑制成骨细胞凋亡、促进成骨细胞增殖和分化、免疫调节和抑制破骨细胞形成等。乳铁蛋白促进成骨作用方面受到其铁饱和度、环境中葡萄糖浓度和乳铁蛋白比例、乳铁蛋白糖基化差异以及不同来源的影响。     

虾肽对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化的影响

目的:从红虾副产物中提取虾肽,研究其促MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化的活性。方法:用MTT法检测不同浓度虾肽对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞存活率的影响;诱导成骨细胞分化,在3 d和7 d时,测定其碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,在7 d和14 d时,测定其细胞骨钙素(OCN)及I型胶原蛋白(COL-I)含量,21 d时茜素红染色测定细胞诱导培养矿化程度;采用qPCR和Western blot方法检测虾肽对OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路中骨形成关键基因和蛋白OPG、RANKL以及RUNX2表达的影响。结果:虾肽质量浓度为0.02,0.05,0.1 mg/mL时,显著促进MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖;ALP、OCN及COL-I的含量相较于对照组均增加,矿化结节面积显著增大(P < 0.05);此外,虾肽上调了ALP、OCN、COL-I基因的表达,促进OPG和RUNX2基因及蛋白表达的水平,抑制RANKL基因及蛋白表达的水平。结论:虾肽能促进MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖分化与矿化,激活OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路,从而促进成骨细胞的分化及骨形成。     

苦瓜皂苷对成骨细胞增殖和ALP 的影响

研究苦瓜皂苷对体外培养的新生SD 乳鼠成骨细胞增殖和ALP 的影响。以1 × 10-8～1 × 10-4mol/L 浓度梯度的苦瓜皂苷的MEM 含药培养液对新生 SD 乳鼠24h 内颅盖骨进行体外细胞培养,分别用 MTT 法和 PNPP 法检测成骨细胞的增殖和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性。结果表明：苦瓜皂苷具有时间和剂量依赖性地促进成骨细胞增殖和提高成骨细胞 ALP 活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.