分离CO2的促进传递膜

促进传递膜在分离机制上有别于普通分离膜，由于透过组分与膜中载体之间特异性的可逆反应使其性能优异．文章综述了国内外近年来在分离CO2促进传递膜方面的研究进展，特别介绍了本课题组在固定载体膜方面的研究结果，选择、研制固定工体膜材料所遵循的基本思路，以及对固定地体膜内传递机理所做的一些新探索．     

载体膜运输原理初探

本文探讨了移动载体膜对离子的运输机理,推导出了移动载体膜运输的基本方程。推导过程中引入了分配系数,得出了在膜的促进运输中可以应用的运输通量表达式;并简述了载体膜的应用。     

液晶化载体促进传递膜的研究

合成了两种侧链液晶高分子(PSC—Ⅱ),得到具有冠醚和液晶的双重功能的载体．用核磁共振光谱(^1HNMR)和红外光谱(IR)证实了它们的结构．示差扫描热分析(DSC)实验证明了它们都具有热致液晶性．用聚丙烯膜(Celgard 2400)作支撑体,侧链液晶高分子作载体,采用不同的制膜方法,研究了Na^ 、K^ 离子选择性渗透通过膜的传递性能．对实验结果进行了讨论,指出了选择合理的成膜方法对传递性能影响是主要因素．     

圆板状α—Al2O3无机膜载体的合成与表征

从本国出产的薄水铝石（ＡｌＯＯＨ）出发，用沉降－夺片法和筛分－压片法研制了圆板状α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３无机膜载体并通过ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ及气体渗透性等研究。从孔结构、表面形貌、气体渗稼率和分离因子等方面进行表征，结果表明，沉降法制得的载体气体渗透性比例等外分法的好得多，其渗透率是筛分法的３倍，分离因子也优于筛分法，结果还表明，干燥与灼烧温度载体性能的重要因素，硝酸蒸气处理载体对载体强度、孔结构和气体的渗性等也     

水溶性PVA载体薄膜应用的现状与展望

主要介绍了水溶性PVA载体膜的特性,以及水溶性PVA作为载体膜在水转印和纺织刺绣、药膜、洗手膜等方面的应用,并对PVA载体膜作了展望.     

液膜接触法处理含铜废水的实验研究

探讨以P204为流动载体的液体表面活性剂膜从酸性水溶液中分离二价铜离子的过程，并对影响二价铜离子透过液膜的重要变量进行分析，这些变量主要是外部水相中的起始铜浓度、外相溶液中的起始pH值、液膜流动载体浓度、乳水比、内相峻浓度等．实验结果表明：较佳膜相组成的液膜能把废水溶液中铜离子浓度从100mg/L降到0．9mg/L;铜萃取率大于99％．     

支撑液膜法提取柠檬酸——膜配方的研究

采用了支撑液膜法从柠檬酸的发酵液中提取柠檬酸,考察了膜的装配方法和载体浓度对传递通量及体系稳定性的影响,在该体系和一定的操作条件下,确定了合适的支撑液膜体系为聚丙烯微孔膜为支撑体,煤油为溶剂,TOA为载体,用湿法装配.     

载体促进输送膜进展

本文从含载体膜的传质机制、栽体和膜材料的选择方面综述了载体促进输送膜的发展过程,着重介绍了载体促进输送膜在气体分离方面的进展。     

陶瓷膜-生物反应器中微生物载体的应用研究

在陶瓷膜 -生物反应器处理生活污水中引入微生物固定化技术 ,选用两种载体来固定培养微生物 ,比较了不同载体、不同孔径下的膜通量和出水水质等指标 .在操作压差 0 .1MPa,流速 2 .8m/s时 ,膜通量为 1 1 0～ 1 5 0L/(m2 ·h) ,进出水COD的去除率在 90 %以上 .     

大孔氧化铝载体上制备MCM-48膜的研究

在大孔氧化铝载体上原位制备具有三维孔道的MCM-48中孔膜,并研究了合成溶胶pH值的变化和膜的形成过程.采用XRD,SEM,气体渗透测试等手段对膜材料的表面形貌,结构和气体渗透性能进行表征,并初步探讨了在大孔载体上成膜的机理.结果表明:载体的大孔、膜的合成次数等因素对形成较为完整的中孔膜影响较大.由于载体孔径较大,担载膜层内部应力随着合成次数的增加也逐渐累积.三次合成的膜有较好的形貌结构和渗透性能,而多于三次的合成膜体开始出现裂纹,致使不能更深的提高膜渗透性能;同时在碱性合成溶胶的影响下,在膜组装的界面处,除了存在无机前躯体与模板剂的自组装过程,同时也存在原膜层的部分解聚,因而,虽然膜的致密性随合成次数的增加而增大,而膜厚度却增加很少.     

PDMS/PEI复合膜对FCC汽油的脱硫性能(Ⅲ)Ag_2O载体促进传递

以聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)超滤膜为支撑层,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为复合层,制备PDMS/1)EI渗透汽化催化裂化(FCC)汽油脱硫复合膜.实验选择Ag2O作为促进添加剂,利用可逆化学作用强化物质在膜内的传递过程,使膜分离兼具高通量和高选择性的特点,突破Robeson上限的限制,解决通量和选择性两者的矛盾.通过傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR-ATR)对PDMS/PEI复合膜表面进行结构分析,对比Ag2O填充前后官能团的变化.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析复合膜表面的形态.考察了添加剂的填充比例及料液温度等对渗透汽化脱硫性能的影响,讨论了固定载体促进传递的机理.     

Spectroelectrochemical microscopy: spatially resolved spectroelectrochemistry of carrier-based ion-selective membranes

High-resolution spectroscopic imaging of the cross section of ion-selective membranes and the adjoining solution phases during real-time electrochemical measurement is termed as spectroelectrochemical microscopy (SpECM). The novel SpECM instrument utilizes wavelength-dispersive multispectral imaging of a thin membrane strip separating the two sides of a four-electrode thin-layer electrochemical cell. SpECM is aimed as a tool for optimizing the experimental conditions in mass transport-controlled ion-selective electrode membranes for improved detection limit. Some of the capabilities of the new technique are demonstrated using fix site, chromoionophore-based, pH-sensitive membranes as model systems. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the existing theory of fixed-site membranes. The quantitative expression for the time-dependent change of the free ionophore concentration across the ion-selective membrane showed close correlation to the recorded concentration profiles.     

A chronoamperometric method to estimate ionophore loss from ion-selective electrode membranes

A novel chronoamperometric method was developed to estimate the concentration of a neutral ionophore in fixed-site, dioctyl sebacate plasticized, poly(vinyl chloride)-based, ion-selective electrode membranes. The membranes contained between 0.5 and 16 mmol/kg valinomycin. The chronoamperometric technique was used to estimate the valinomycin concentration in freshly prepared membranes and after extraction of some of the ionophore from the membranes using dioctyl sebacate. Replicate measurements indicated a relative standard deviation in the calculated valinomycin concentration of less than 10%, and these values accurately represented the true concentration of valinomycin within 10%. The method permitted an estimate of the valinomycin concentration after valinomycin was leached from a membrane. The results of preliminary experiments using heparinized dog blood suggest that blood protein adsorption does not interfere qualitatively or quantitatively with the analysis.     

Sonication-assisted preparation of pristine MWCNT-polysulfone conductive microporous membranes

Conductive microporous membranes were fabricated by the phase inversion technique from pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-polysulfone mixtures. A sonication-assisted method was used to disperse MWCNT in the polysulfone matrix without a covalent modification of the MWCNT or the use of surfactants. Electron Microscopy (SEM) and conduction tests were used to characterize the membranes. SEM pictures indicated that a concentration of 3% of MWCNT allowed a good dispersion of the nanotubes inside the hydrophobic polysulfone matrix. Current-voltage tests showed efficient electron percolation pathways across the membrane as a result of the successful dispersion of pristine MWCNT. These membranes will be applied in separation of charged species where microfiltration together with application of electric fields is needed.     

Fabrication of Transferable Perforated Isoporous Membranes on Versatile Solid Substrates via the Breath Figure Method

Isoporous separation membranes have received considerable attention because of the high‐resolution performance and energy‐saving characteristics. Isoporous membranes prepared by the breath figure method rely on special substrates such as water and ice because solid substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate films, which are widely used in commercial processes, often lead to nonthrough pores. In this work, it is found that highly ordered through‐pore membranes can be fabricated on hydrophilic glass surface when using polymers that are able to form ordered membranes at low concentrations. On the basis of this finding, a facile strategy is proposed to fabricate isoporous membranes on various solid substrates by introducing a water‐soluble polymer interlayer. The multifunctional interlayer promotes the spreading of membrane‐forming solutions, enables the formation of through pores, and simplifies the transfer to macroporous supports to form composite membranes. The versatility of the proposed strategy is verified by using different substrates including highly hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene film and using different water‐soluble polymers as the interlayer. Furthermore, the high‐resolution separation performance of the isoporous composite membranes has been demonstrated by the filtration of yeasts under gravitational pressure.     

导电聚合物复合透膜的研究进展

导电聚合物复合透膜具有良好的力学性能和独特的电化学性质,是一类新型的分离膜,已在膜分离技术、分子水平上的识别与控制等领域显示出了广阔的应用前景．本文介绍了导电透膜的合成制备方法、形态结构和分离机理,并对导电聚合物复合透膜的性能与结构研究进展以及在液体分离、气体分离方面的应用研究进行了综述．     

透湿膜的透湿机理与膜的研究概况

基于透湿膜的空气除湿是一种比较新颖的空气除湿方法。本文介绍了各种膜在空气除湿领域的应用情况，结合对膜制备工艺的简要介绍，侧重对原除湿原理，亲水性的高分子纤维素膜，凝胶膜和分子筛无机膜在空气除湿领域的研究和进展进行了分析。     

分离膜表面接枝制备刺激响应性膜研究进展

刺激响应性分离膜的制备及研究是近年来的热点,其在生物传感器、选择性分离、药物可控释放等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中综述了等离子处理引发接枝,紫外光引发接枝,化学热引发接枝和可控活性接枝等四种主要的接枝方法在高分子分离膜表面的接枝改性研究进展,主要围绕具有刺激响应性功能的分离膜的制备研究进行介绍,对存在的问题进行了讨论,并阐述了刺激响应性分离膜的发展方向。     

Recent Developments in Graphene‐Based Membranes: Structure,Mass‐Transport Mechanism and Potential Applications

Significant achievements have been made on the development of next‐generation filtration and separation membranes using graphene materials, as graphene‐based membranes can afford numerous novel mass‐transport properties that are not possible in state‐of‐art commercial membranes, making them promising in areas such as membrane separation, water desalination, proton conductors, energy storage and conversion, etc. The latest developments on understanding mass transport through graphene‐based membranes, including perfect graphene lattice, nanoporous graphene and graphene oxide membranes are reviewed here in relation to their potential applications. A summary and outlook is further provided on the opportunities and challenges in this arising field. The aspects discussed may enable researchers to better understand the mass‐transport mechanism and to optimize the synthesis of graphene‐based membranes toward large‐scale production for a wide range of applications.     

环境响应型智能开关膜的研究进展

综述环境响应型智能开关膜的制备方法和分类,并分别介绍温度响应型、光响应型、电场响应型、pH响应型以及分子识别响应型等智能开关膜的研究现状.