Experimental Study on Coal Multi-generation in Dual Fluidized Beds

An atmospheric test system of dual fluidized beds for coal multi-generation was built.One bubbling fluidized bedis for gasification and a circulating fluidized bed for combustion.The two beds are combined with two valves:one valve to send high temperature ash from combustion bed to the gasification bed and another valve to sendchar and ash from gasification bed to combustion bed.Experiments on Shenhua coal multi-generation were madeat temperatures from 1112 K to 1191 K in the dual fluidized beds.The temperatures of the combustor are stableand the char combustion efficiency is about 98%.Increasing air/coal ratio to the fluidized bed leads to theincrease of temperature and gasification efficiency.The maximum gasification efficiency is 36.7% and thecalorific value of fuel gas is 10.7 MJ/Nm3.The tar yield in this work is 1.5%,much lower than that of pyrolysis.Carbon conversion efficiency to fuel gas and flue gas is about 90%.     

不同煤燃烧方式多环芳烃生成特性的研究

研究比较了不同煤燃烧方式多环芳烃生成特性。固定床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成随温度升高出现了先增加后减少的趋势，流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成随温度升高而增加。流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成量要少于固定床燃烧方式，总量上低1～2个数量级。固定床燃烧(管式炉等)PAHs低温由热解生成，高温由前驱物生成。流化床燃烧PAHs低温由高环芳香性物质的热分解和缩聚反应生成，高温由小分子烃类的聚合。图12表1参13     

A method of determining thermal parameters of granular coal particles during devolatilization

Fluidized bed combustion offers great potential for the utilization of high-sulphur coal and low-grade coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Utilization of fluidized bed technology, especially for the combustion of low quality lignites, enables pollutant emission control as well as efficient combustion. The most important stage during the combustion of coal particles is devolatilization, in which various factors such as heat transfer from the surroundings to the particle surface, heat conduction within the particle, the chemicals involved, the kinetics and the transport of volatile compounds within the particle play significant roles. The heat transfer coefficient, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, heating coefficient and lag factor are the most significant thermal parameters in this process. In this study, a 1-D transient heat transfer analysis is carried out for a granular coal particle during devolatilization in a fluidized bed. The particle is idealized as a spherical solid body. Models are developed to determine the thermal parameters of such particles, and are verified using experimental centre temperatures of a 10 mm granular coal particle subjected to devolatilization at a medium temperature of 960 K. The data are taken from the literature. The results show that the thermal parameters determined here are in good agreement with experimental findings.     

循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的试验研究

富氧燃烧技术不仅能使分离收集CO2和处理SO2容易进行,还能减少NOx排放,是一种能够综合控制燃煤污染物排放的新型洁净燃烧技术。简要介绍了循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的国内外研究现状,进行了不同氧含量的O2/CO2气氛和O2/N2气氛下的循环流化床煤燃烧试验研究,比较了其燃烧特性及SO2、NOx排放特点,为循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的工业化应用做了基础和重要的准备。     

运行参数对粉煤流化床_PC_FB_密相燃烧区燃烧特性的影响

在一座0．3MW热输入的煤粉流化床燃烧（PC－FBC）试验台上,研究了煤粉在其密相燃烧区内的燃烧特性,文中用密相燃烧区内煤粉挥发份的释放率V^τ（％）,及其出口处煤灰的碳含量C（％）,来描述此特性,并研究了床温、氧浓度、流化速度、二次风率时V^τ（％）,C（％）的影响规律。研究表明,煤粉在密相燃烧区内释放57．4％－84％的挥发分和燃烧20％－30％左右的固定碳,释放40％－50％的发热量。     

Clean and ecological coal combustion in the binary circulating fluidized bed

The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of the role of the binary circulating fluidized bed in the process of clean and ecological coal combustion. The operating range of a stable fluidized bed, as a function of gas velocity changes and the flow rate of fine particles, is determined for all possible conditions. Experiments concerning the combustion and desulfurization processes in multi-solid fluidized bed (MSFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) systems give evidence that the residence time of burnt particles in the combustion chamber of MSFB is much extended. This is directly reflected in better combustion conditions, especially those for fine particles, as well as in the process of desulfurization. The advantages of the binary circulating fluidized bed over typical circulating systems make it one of the most efficient methods of clean and ecological coal combustion.     

基于灰颗粒的物理特性为分类原则的试验研究

循环流化床(CFB)锅炉炉内的燃烧及传热与炉内床料的状态密切相关,而炉内床料主要是由燃煤含有的矿物组分经过燃烧、爆裂和磨耗过程形成的。文中对6种煤样在固定床燃烧后,使用可视化显微仪,获取了灰颗粒的微观形貌特征,根据灰颗粒的机械强度和耐磨性能的不同,将灰颗粒定义为3类不同性质的灰。以此为基点,采用固定床燃烧后冷态振动筛分和流化床实验台热态流化后筛分的方法,研究了不同燃烧温度下升温速率对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,以及不同燃烧温度下燃烧时间对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,推演了不同煤样在燃烧过程中的演化特征。结果表明:3类灰颗粒在不同的燃烧温度和时间的演化过程存在明显的不同,从而为预测循环流化床中的床料粒径分布提供了理论依据。     

An experimental study of propane combustion in a fluidized-bed gasifier

This paper reports an experimental study of the combustion of volatiles from coal, simulated by propane, and its interaction with char gasification reactions in a fluidized-bed coal gasifier (FBG). Experiments were performed under conditions of propane pyrolysis (in a bed fluidized by nitrogen and steam), propane reacting with oxygen and steam (in a bed fluidized by air and steam), char gasification only (in a bed fluidized by air and steam without propane) and in char gasification (in a bed fluidized by air and steam with propane). Axial concentration profiles of various species were obtained at 750, 850 and 950 °C. It was observed that the combustion of propane in an FBG, but without char, behaves as reported in the literature for fluidized-bed combustion (FBC). However, upon introducing char into the bed to simulate the reducing atmosphere in an FBG, oxygen was rapidly consumed within a short distance of the distributor, by significant partial oxidation of both propane and its decomposition products to carbon monoxide. The char was found to aid the pyrolysis of propane, limiting the amount of hydrocarbons surviving into the freeboard. The experimental results reported here are believed to be the first observations on the combustion of volatiles under conditions in an FBG.     

Development and Applications of Clean Coal Fluidized Bed Technology

Power generation in Europe and elsewhere relies heavily on coal and coal-based fuels as the source of energy. The reliance will increase in the future due to the decreasing stability of price and security of oil supply. In other words, the studies on fluidized bed combustion systems, which is one of the clean coal technologies, will maintain its importance. The main objective of the present study is to introduce the development and the applications of the fluidized bed technology (FBT) and to review the fluidized bed combustion studies conducted in Turkey. The industrial applications of the fluidized bed technology in the country date back to the 1980s. Since then, the number of the fluidized bed boilers has increased. The majority of the installations are in the textile sector. In Turkey, there is also a circulating fluidized bed thermal power plant with a capacity of 2 × 160 MW under construction at Can in Canakkale. It is expected that the FBT has had, or will have, a significant and increasing role in dictating the energy strategies for Turkey.     

煤种对循环流化床焦炭燃烧速率的影响

建立了循环流化床锅炉整体数学模型,模型中考虑了循环流化床锅炉给煤和床料的宽筛分特性,特别在燃烧模型中引入了煤种通用理论,数值分析了煤种对焦炭燃烧反应速率的影响.数值分析得到温度和煤种热态实验的温度吻合良好,改进后的模型能够准确反应不同煤种在不同粒径下的焦炭反应速率.     

树皮在复合燃烧锅炉流化床内的燃烧份额

分析树皮流化床－粉复合燃烧锅炉中流化床的热平衡,得到了树皮在流化床中燃烧份额的计算公式。以某７５ｔ／ｈ树皮流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉为例,分析了流化床温度,汉化床出口名义过量空气系数,热空气温度,擀 管吸热份额及流化床未燃对皮所含水分蒸发耗热对燃烧份额的影响。     

平煤集团洗煤泥流化床结团燃烧试验研究

对平顶山洗煤泥的燃料特性以及结渣特性进行了研究,并在小型电加热流化床试验台上进行了结团燃烧试验,探讨了煤泥的结团强度随粒径、床温、停留时间等参数的变化关系。试验结果表明,粒块状煤泥具有良好的结团特性,在整个燃烧过程中都有较高的结团强度,采用异重结团流化床燃烧煤泥切实可行,从而为组织大型燃烧试验和锅炉设计提供了可靠有效的理论依据。     

煤泥流化床燃烧脱硫试验研究

以石灰石为脱硫剂,通过大型流化床试验台研究了钙硫比,脱硫剂粒度、床层温度等参数对煤泥流化床燃烧脱硫效率的影响,为实现煤泥流化床洁净燃烧提供依据。     

无烟煤流化床燃烧中热破碎现象的研究综述

归纳用于衡量破碎程度的参数,分析产生破碎的机理,研究影响热破碎的因素,讨论破碎现象对燃烧的作用。总结认为。流化床燃烧中。无烟煤的破碎具有较大随机性,受煤质影响极大,粒径、炉床温度、停留时间、流化介质及流化速度等对破碎也有重要影响。煤的破碎有利于提高煤焦颗粒的燃烧速率,但同时也会增加炉床内可扬析颗粒数量,导致飞灰未燃碳含量增加的后果。实现破碎物料的准确快速取样和建立破碎前后颗粒平均粒径之间的关系是今后破碎研究工作尚待解决的问题。     

循环流化床中含钒石煤料球的焙烧特性试验研究

为避免传统提钒工艺所存在的问题,采用循环流化床钙法焙烧工艺,以添加钙基原料的石煤料球为焙烧原料,在热输入功率为1 MW的循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了含钒石煤焙烧特性试验,研究了燃烧稳定性、燃烧效率、污染物排放特性、燃烧后灰渣特性和灰渣钒浸出特性.结果表明:在以烟煤为助燃燃料的条件下,石煤料球可以在1 MW循环流化床试验台上稳定焙烧运行,且燃烧效率较高;料球中的钙基添加剂有较好的脱硫作用,但对于高硫石煤,要达到国家污染物排放标准,必须采取尾部烟气脱硫措施;焙烧产物以飞灰为主,飞灰中V2O5浸出率接近70%,表明循环流化床对石煤中的钒矿物具有良好的焙烧氧化作用.     

循环流化床中颗粒内循环与循环流化床锅炉的设计

本文从循环床锅炉密相区的热平衡计算出发，探讨了密相区内受热面面积及密相区高度与飞灰循环倍率、密相区燃烧份额的关系，并以４种典型煤种为例，分析了煤种变化对密相区高度的影响。设计计算和运行经验相结合，在密相区热平衡分析中，引入了床内粒子循环的概念，从而对密相区内热平衡和受热面面积的确定有更深入的理解。     

流化床中高水分煤的燃烧与排放试验研究

通过在一小型流化床中进行高水分煤的燃烧与排放的试验研究，表明水分含量和空气－燃料比对于高水分煤的燃烧与排放有较大影响。随着水分增加，流化床床温下降，ＮＯｘ、ＳＯｘ排放量也下降。空气－燃料比存在一最佳值，这时床温最高，而偏离此值，床温下降，随着空气量的增加，ＮＯｘ、ＳＯｘ排放量也增加。当空气－燃料比变化时，燃烧干煤与燃烧高水分煤有着类似的试验结果。     

流化床-煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的炉膛传热计算方法

针对流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的特点,在综合考虑流化床、火焰和受热面之间换热的基础上,推导了流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的基本方程,得到了复合燃烧锅炉炉膛传热计算的零维模型半径验法。以某７５ｔ／ｈ树皮流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉为例,进行了炉膛传热计算。图１表６参５     

燃煤循环流化床模型与试验研究

利用循环流化床内气－固两相流动等基础方面的研究成果,根据本文床内气固浓－淡流动模型,建立适用不同结构参数的循环流化床燃烧模型,考虑了床内气体、固体颗粒的返混、循环过程,以及煤燃烧、ＮＯ的生成和分解、颗粒磨损等因素。在循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行实验研究,模型仿真结果和实验数据吻合良好,表明气固两相浓－淡流动模型所建立的循环流化床燃烧系统模型可以正确地模拟循环流化床的燃烧过程。     

The devolatilization of coal and a comparison of chars produced in oxidizing and inert atmospheres in fluidized beds

This is a study of the devolatilization of coal in a laboratory-scale bed of silica sand, fluidized with either air or N₂ and electrically heated to 750 or 900°C. Coal particles (diameter 1.4–1.7 or 2.0–2.36 mm) were fed in batches to the surface of the bed and allowed to devolatilize in either an oxidizing atmosphere of air or inert N₂. In the first case, combustion of the volatiles occurred, but there was only thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) in the second situation. The resulting chars were recovered and analyzed for composition and structure, so that comparisons could be made between the effects of devolatilization with combustion and of pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. It was found that the fractions of C and H in the char were only slightly sensitive to the type of fluidizing gas used. The amount of nitrogen in the recovered char and also the devolatilization time showed no dependence on the type of fluidizing gas, whereas BET areas were slightly larger after combustion in air. It is concluded that these effects are small relative to other errors, inherent in experiments on coal combustion, so that chars prepared in a bed fluidized by hot N₂ are very similar to those formed during coal combustion at nominally the same temperature. Equally, the overall composition of the volatile matter released during combustion in a fluidized bed is the same as in pyrolysis in nitrogen. The effects of other parameters, such as the temperature of the bed, the flow rate of the fluidizing gas and the size of the coal particles are also discussed in detail. It is concluded that most of the volatiles burn in a fluidized bed (at or less than 900°C) far away from the original coal particle. Also, NO_x is in effect a primary product of devolatilization, being produced in appreciable amounts when coal is heated in inert N₂. The ratio of C/N in the volatiles is found to be a constant during the latter stages of devolatilization, but beforehand at lower temperatures, carbon species are preferentially released. Overall, devolatilization of small particles (< 2.4 mm) in a fluidized bed at 900°C is kinetically controlled. The activation energy is small, being 15 ± 6 kJ/mol.