添加扩增内标的单增李斯特菌PCR检测方法的建立与应用

以单增李斯特菌inl A基因为靶基因,设计一对特异性引物,以16S rRNA为扩增内标对照,建立了一种含有扩增内标的单增李斯特菌PCR检测方法。优化了PCR反应体系,并对PCR检测方法的特异性、灵敏度、人工污染样品及食品样品检测效果进行了测试。对2株单增李斯特菌、1株英诺克李斯特菌以及19株非李斯特菌菌株进行PCR检测,结果显示,只有2株单增李斯特菌能被检出大小为826 bp的特异性片段,其余20株细菌只能检出1 500 bp的扩增内标片段。灵敏度实验结果显示,基因组DNA和纯培养物的最低检出限分别为1.80×10~2fg/μL和1.21×10~2CFU/m L。当人工污染牛乳样品中单增李斯特菌在最低接种量为0.48 CFU/m L时,经8 h增菌培养后可被该方法检出。采用该研究建立的检测方法对36种食品样品进行检测,证实了该检测方法可以指示检测过程中出现的假阴性现象。综上所述,该研究建立的PCR检测方法能特异性的检测单增李斯特菌,并可有效排除检测过程中出现的假阴性现象,提高检测的准确性。     

单增李斯特氏菌快速检测方法的建立

建立单增李斯特氏菌的快速检测方法.针对单增李斯特氏菌virR基因序列设计特异性引物及探针,建立等温扩增法,并利用免疫金标试纸条对结果进行检测.用10株单增李斯特氏菌、6株李斯特菌属菌株及其他食源性致病菌24株进行特异性试验;通过定量DNA、纯菌液计数进行灵敏度验证.结果表明建立方法具有较好的特异性;增菌液检测灵敏度为102 cfu/test,DNA检测灵敏度为10°pg/test.建立的单增李斯特氏菌的快速检测方法特异性较好、灵敏度高,适合于单增李斯特氏菌快速筛选检测.     

用PCR技术快速检测食品中的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌

建立了食品中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌快速、敏感、特异的聚合酶链反应PCR检测方法.选择的引物具有良好的单增李氏菌种的特异性.对人工污染在冷冻食品中单增李氏菌的检测低限是4-8CFU/10g,对其增菌液的检测低限是7.2-11×103/ml,每PCR反应体系的检测低限为86-132CFU.对400份自然污染样品的检测结果显示,PCR方法的检测结果同常规培养法的结果完全相符.     

单增李斯特菌与志贺氏菌多重PCR检测技术的建立

目的:为食品、卫生行业提供一种简便、灵敏、快速,并且特异性强的单增李斯特菌(Listeria Monocyto-genes)与志贺氏菌(Shigella)多重PCR检测方法.方法:根据单增李斯特茵转录调节子基因prfA、志贺氏茵侵袭性质粒抗原H基因ipaH筛选出引物;优化多重PCR的引物浓度、退火温度及Mg2+等条件,分析单-PCR及多重PCR的特异性、灵敏度;结合24 h增茵培养.确定多重PCR检测人工污染脱脂灭茵乳的检出限.结果:多重PCR扩增出了预计的PCR产物,即单增李斯特茵(274bp)和志贺氏茵(421bp).该方法的灵敏度:78 pg单增李斯特茵基因组DNA、7.5pg志贺氏茼基因组DNA.多重PCR检测人工污染脱脂灭菌乳,单增李斯特茵与志贺氏茵的灵敏度分别为2cfu/25mL和1.6cfu/25mL.结论:该方法在食品、卫生行业具有很好的应用和开发前景.     

多重实时荧光定量PCR同时检测冷冻蔬菜中4种食源性致病菌

目的 建立一种基于TaqMan探针的多重实时荧光定量PCR(multiplex quantitative real-time PCR, multiplex qPCR)同时检测冷冻蔬菜中4种食源性致病菌的方法。方法 针对金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因、痢疾志贺菌rfc基因、沙门氏菌invA基因、单增李斯特氏菌hly基因, 设计4对引物和探针, 优化反应体系, 建立稳定的多重qPCR反应体系。通过阳性菌株污染的方法验证体系的特异性, 并确定了冷冻蔬菜样品在细菌水平的检出限。结果 各对引物和探针对目标菌有较强的特异性, 对其他非目标菌进行检测均未检出, 人工污染冷冻蔬菜中志贺菌的检出限为102 CFU/g, 沙门氏菌和单增李斯特氏菌的检出限均为103 CFU/g, 金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限为104 CFU/g。结论 本研究可以实现冷冻蔬菜样品中4种致病菌qPCR高效检测。     

实时荧光PCR定量检测食品中单增李斯特菌

目的建立快速、敏感、特异的食品中单增李斯特菌检测方法。方法针对单增李斯特菌溶素A基因（hlyA）设计一对引物和一条探针，并用该引物和探针运用实时荧光PCR技术对单增李斯特菌的DNA、细胞、质粒和样品进行实时荧光PCR定量检测。结果利用实时荧光PCR技术，建立了DNA校正曲线、细胞校正曲线和质粒校正曲线。DNA校正曲线在1～32CFU/ml、细胞校正曲线在32—320CFU／ml、质粒校正曲线在1—37Copies／ml，线形关系良好，且三种校正曲线检测样品得出的结果基本吻合。结论本试验建立起来的实时荧光PCR定量检测单增李斯特菌的方法灵敏度高、特异性好、准确，可应用于食品中单增李斯特菌的检测。     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌在蜂产品中的生存及检测

目的:为了保障蜂产品免受致病性单核细胞增生李斯特菌的威胁,对蜂产品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行检测。方法:采用培养和分子生物学的检测方法研究蜂产品中致病性单核细胞增生李斯特菌的污染状况。将高浓度的病原菌人工污染到蜂蜜和蜂王浆中,室温存放一定时间后,在选择性培养基上增菌培养;以毒力基因hly和16sRNA基因为靶序列,建立双重PCR检测病原菌的方法;以5’、3’端标记FAM、TAMRA的hly基因探针进行荧光定量PCR检测。结果:单增李斯特菌在蜂蜜中的存活时间为5d,而在蜂王浆中不能存活。对未经增菌的人工污染蜂产品采用溶菌酶+蛋白酶K的方法提取DNA,同时采用本实验中建立的双重PCR和荧光定量PCR方法检测,蜂蜜中单增李斯特菌含量均为102CFU/mL。采用这两种方法可在8h内完成蜂蜜中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的快速检测。结论:单增李斯特菌能够在蜂蜜中存活数天,几乎不继续繁殖,而在蜂王浆中不能存活。     

GeXP多重聚合酶链式反应法检测5种常见食源性致病菌

目的建立一种基于GeXP(GenomeLab~(TM) eXpress Profiling)遗传分析系统的5种常见食源性致病菌检测的新技术。方法针对5种常见食源性致病菌(沙门菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、志贺菌和副溶血性弧菌)分别进行基因序列比对(invA、rfbE、PfrA、IpaH、tlh基因),设计特异性引物,建立并优化GeXP多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)体系,评价其特异性和灵敏性,并初步应用于未知菌株和人工污染样品的检测。结果 GeXP多重PCR法可实现在5 h内同时对5种常见食源性致病菌进行检测,且检测灵敏度可低至10~3 CFU/mL。多重体系中各引物对各目标菌有较强特异性,未检出其他非目标菌。结论本方法可有效提高检测效率,为食源性致病菌的快速高通量检测提供了参考思路。     

3种常见食源性致病菌多重重组酶聚合酶扩增检测方法研究

目的建立了食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌多重重组酶聚合酶扩增（recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA）快速检测方法。方法选择沙门菌invA基因、单增李斯特菌hlyA基因和蜡样芽孢杆菌16S RNA序列为目标基因进行扩增,建立并优化多重RPA扩增体系和扩增条件;评价反应体系的特异性和灵敏度,并对人工污染食品样品和实际样品进行检测。结果多重RPA反应体系能够在20 min完成三种目标基因的扩增,特异性强;对沙门菌、单增李斯特菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的灵敏度分别为2.70×105、1.30×105、1.44×104 CFU/mL;能够用于人工污染样品和实际样品的检测。结论本研究建立的多重RPA等温扩增方法特异性强,操作快速、简单,为食源性致病菌的快速检测提供新方向     

基于CRISPR-Cas13的单增李斯特菌RNA快速检测方法的建立

为实现食品中单增李斯特菌污染的快速检测,本研究构建了一种基于CRISPR-Cas系统和Broccoli适配体的RNA均相检测技术。利用Cas 13与cr RNA锚定序列结合形成识别元件cr RNA-Cas13复合物,靶标RNA存在时可激活Cas 13的非特异性RNase活性,并利用点亮型RNA适配体Broccoli作为信号探针,监测cr RNA此-Cas13的活化状态。荧光值的变化与单增李斯特菌浓度存在线性关系,利用来检测单增李斯特菌。本研究所构建的检测可在30min内完成对于单增李斯特菌的的识别与检测,检出限为148CFU/m L,对细菌具有良好的检测特异性,可区分大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌。在牛奶模型中单增李斯特菌的加标回收率为95.15%～97.99%。该方法具有较好的灵敏度、特异性,可直接靶向检测致病菌RNA,无需逆转录、PCR扩增和核酸标记,简化了实验流程,对于实现食品中单增李斯特菌的现场检测及生物安全控制具有重要意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.