位置误差和相位误差对模块化天线阵的影响

对于采用自定位设计的模块化天线阵，推导了单元位置误差和子阵位置误差的取值范围与天线副瓣累积概率的关系，以及相位误差与天线副瓣累积概率的关系。通过实例证明，欲实现的天线的副瓣值不同，不同方向的位置误差对天线副瓣累积概率的影响是不同的。     

随机误差对模块化阵列天线副瓣的影响

推导了相位误差、单元位置误差和子阵位置误差的取值范围与模块化阵列天线副瓣累积概率的关系,以及单元位置误差、子阵位置误差与整体位置误差的关系.通过实例说明,激励幅相误差、单元位置误差和子阵位置误差,对实现超低副瓣都是至关重要的.     

口面幅相误差对泰勒分布天线阵副瓣的影响

鉴于泰勒综合法是一种常用的低副瓣天线的综合方法,文中用MATLAB模拟计算,分析了口面幅相误差对泰勒线阵方向图副瓣的影响,并给出设计副瓣为-40 dB,要使副瓣误差在8 dB以内,天线幅度相位所允许的最大误差。     

通道幅相误差对数字阵列天线性能影响及校准

为实现低副瓣数字阵列天线性能,需要对阵面通道幅相误差进行校准。针对此问题,定性分析了通道幅相误差、阵面通道数与数字阵列天线主要性能(副瓣电平、波束指向、增益)的相对关系,分析结果表明:通道间幅相误差越大,副瓣电平、波束指向、增益越差;通道数越多,副瓣电平、波束指向受通道误差影响越小,而增益受通道幅相误差的影响与阵面通道数无关。结合数字阵雷达实际使用中阵面通道幅相误差修调问题,重点研究了通道误差测量方法。给出了利用内监测法和中场测量法进行通道误差测量的原理、实现方法及适用条件,该2种通道误差测量方法可以作为互补手段使用。最后,给出了一种基于多次测量取平均值的数字阵列幅相误差校准方法,仿真结果表明:校准前后,通道幅相误差分别由2 d B和20°变为0.4 d B和2°,满足指标要求。     

表面误差对双弯曲反射面天线副瓣的影响

天线反射面的表面误差会引起反射面天线的副瓣发生变化。为确定赋形波束双弯曲反射面天线反射面的表面误差与反射面天线副瓣最大值变化之间的关系,采用数理统计的方法,对受到随机表面误差影响的面电流积分,得到天线辐射场。随机表面误差用相关半径和Z向随机误差两个参量表示。根据随机表面误差求出其天线最大副瓣样本分布函数,较好地展现了表面误差引起的副瓣最大值变化,使得反射面天线表面误差引起的副瓣变化可预测,为天线反射面加工的精度要求提供了理论依据。     

幅、相误差对米波圆阵雷达方向图的影响分析

用概率统计方法分析随机幅度与相位误差对米波圆阵雷达方向图的副瓣电平、波束宽度和波束指向等指标的影响，分析结果表明：相位误差对性能指标影响要大于幅度误差，尤其是在波束指向及副瓣角度上。幅度误差通常主要影响副瓣电平。文中给出了计算机仿真并验证了分析结果。     

阵元位置误差对阵列天线等效辐射功率的影响

分析了阵列天线中阵元位置误差对等效辐射功率的影响,给出了归一化EIRP与阵元位置误差关系表达式,以均匀线阵和均匀半圆阵为例进行了仿真实验。仿真结果也说明了阵元位置误差对EIRP有着重要的影响,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

误差对加权线阵副瓣电平的影响研究

研究互耦及随机幅相误差对幅度加权线阵副瓣电平的影响,包括带基底的余弦平方加权线阵和Dolph-Chebyshev加权线阵.对于带基底的余弦平方加权线阵,互耦降低副瓣电平,改善容差性能;对于Dolph-Chebyshev加权线阵,互耦抬高副瓣电平,提高线阵的容差性能.随着单元数的增加,互耦对2种线阵的影响减小,Dolph-Chebyshev幅度加权线阵的容差性能提高.考虑到互耦及随机幅相误差的影响,采用带基底的余弦平方和Dolph-Chebyshev加权时,天线单元数应大于20.     

两维DBF相控阵雷达的通道误差与通道均衡

阵元位置误差、阵元间互耦的影响、接收机通道的频率响应的差异都直接影响着雷达阵列信号处理的性能。有效地校正由上述因素产生的误差以获得良好的天线副瓣电平和信号处理能力,一直是人们着重研究的课题。本文针对两维DBF相控阵雷达,探讨窄带情况下通道误差对系统的影响和通道均衡的方法。     

随机相位误差对相控阵天线的性能影响

为了对随机相位误差对于相控阵天线波束指向精度和副瓣电平的影响进行分析,以一维均匀直线阵为模型,采用概率统计的手段对波束指向误差的数学期望、方差和峰值副瓣电平进行了推导,并对此结果进行了计算机仿真验证和比较.仿真结果表明,理论公式推导得到的结论与仿真实验的各项结果吻合良好.     

幅相误差对均匀圆阵列系统性能的影响

幅相误差是制约天线阵系统性能的一个重要因素。本文通过建立存在随机幅相误差时的均匀圆阵列模型,分析了此时均匀圆阵列场方向图函数和功率方向图函数的统计特性;围绕方向性系数、旁瓣电平和半功率波瓣宽度三个系统指标,计算了随机幅相误差对均匀圆阵列系统性能的影响;最后在数值分析的基础上进行了计算机仿真和验证。     

随机误差对数字波束形成系统性能的影响

文中针对数字波束形成系统,推导出阵列天线的通道幅相误差和阵元位置误差对波束方向图的第一副瓣、零陷深度及半功率波束宽度影响的一般规律。并且对数学公式进行了详细的推导。分析与仿真结果表明：随机误差对波束方向图性能的影响主要与天线阵列的权系数和阵元数目有关。     

Accurate Characterization of T/R Modules with Consideration of Amplitude/Phase Cross Effect in AESA Antenna Unit

In this paper, an accurate characterization of a fabricated X‐band transmit/receive module is described with the process of generating control data to correct amplitude and phase deviations in an active electronically scanned array antenna unit. In the characterization, quantization errors (from both a digitally controlled attenuator and a phase shifter) are considered using not theoretical values (due to discrete sets of amplitude and phase states) but measured values (of which implementation errors are a part). By using the presented procedure for the characterization, each initial control bit of both the attenuator and the phase shifter is closest to the required value for each array element position. In addition, each compensated control bit for the parasitic cross effect between amplitude and phase control is decided using the same procedure. Reduction of the peak sidelobe level of an array antenna is presented as an example to validate the proposed procedure.     

幅相误差对有源相控阵天线副瓣的影响

对误差分布函数进行了理论分析,通过分析有源相控阵系统的组成,构建了其误差组成结构,并推导了误差计算公式.通过理论推导和仿真分析研究了幅相误差对有源相控阵天线副瓣电平的影响.结合误差计算公式和副瓣电平公式得到了实现所需副瓣电平的幅相误差分配方法.     

阵列天线通道误差对波束性能的影响分析

针对阵列天线通道间的误差影响波束性能的问题,分析了通道间误差的来源,并通过波束形成原理说明了通道间误差如何对波束性能造成影响。给出了幅度误差和相位误差多种组合场景作用下波束方向图的仿真结果,并分析了通道误差对波束宽度、旁瓣电平和增益等主要指标的影响。给出了波束形成过程中对通道误差控制范围的建议。     

互阻抗精度对实现天线极低副瓣的限制

实现极低副瓣阵列天线需要作精确的互耦补偿.如果阵列的互阻抗(或互耦系数)矩阵确知,理论上可以精确补偿互耦的影响,从而实现极低副瓣接收。但无论是计算还是测量得到的互阻抗矩阵都只有一定的精度,这个精度最终决定了补偿效果。本文研究了极低副瓣阵列天线中互耦补偿对互阻抗精度的要求;推导出了互阻抗误差与通道幅相误差的关系;进而得到了互阻抗误差与副瓣电平的关系。     

THE LIMITATION OF MUTUAL IMPEDANCE PRECISION TO THE SIDELOBE LEVEL OF ARRAY ANTENNA

Accurate mutual coupling correction is necessary for an array antenna to reach ultra-low sidelobe level.If the mutual impedance or mutual coupling coefficient matrix of an array isperfectly known,theoretically,one can compensate the effects of mutual coupling completelyand realize the desired low sidelobe level.However,the mutual impedance matrix obtainedwhether by calculation or by measurement has limited precision,which limits the effectiveness ofcompensation.This paper deals with the requirements on the precision of mutual impedance forcompensation in ultra-low sidelobe array antennas.The relationship between mutual impedanceerrors and the amplitude and phase errors of an array is derived,by which the relationship betweenthe mutual impedance errors and the sidelobe level is obtained.     

Array pattern distortion and remedies in space-time adaptiveprocessing for airborne radar

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for airborne early warning radar has been a very active area of research since the late 1980's. An airborne rectangular planar array antenna is usually configured into subarrays and then partial adaptive processing is applied to the outputs of these subarrays. In practice, three kinds of errors are often encountered: the array gain and phase errors existing in each element, the channel gain and phase errors, and the clutter covariance matrix estimation errors due to insufficient secondary data samples. These errors not only degrade the clutter suppression performance, but also cause the adapted array patterns to suffer much distortion (high sidelobes and distorted mainbeams), which may result in the rise of false-alarm probability and make the adaptive monopulse tracking and sidelobe blanketing more difficult. In this paper, the causes of the above three kinds of errors to array pattern distortion are discussed and a novel quadratic soft constraint factored approach is proposed to precisely control the peak sidelobe level of adapted patterns. The soft constraint factor can be determined explicitly according to the peak sidelobe level desired and the known or desired tolerant error standard deviations. Numerical results obtained by using high-fidelity simulated airborne radar clutter data are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. Although the method is presented for STAP, it can be directly applied to the conventional adaptive beamforming for rectangular planar arrays used to suppress jammers