喷嘴位置对轴承腔内油气润滑两相流的影响

基于气液两相流理论,采用多重坐标系法构建角接触球轴承数值计算模型,分析不同喷嘴位置和转速下轴承腔内油相体积分数、保持架表面及轴承内外圈的油气分布特性。结果表明：在轴承低转速下,正面供油时轴承腔内油相体积分数及其周向分布的波动大于背面供油;正面供油时保持架下表面会产生润滑油的积聚,造成润滑油无法及时通过出口排出,而背面供油时润滑油在保持架表面的油相分布更均匀;正面供油时内圈左面油相体积分数较高,外圈油相分布变化较大,而背面供油时内圈右面、中间面及外圈中间面油相体积分数较高。不同转速下喷嘴位置对腔内油相分布的影响也不同,低转速下正面供油时腔内油相体积分数更高,高转速下喷嘴位置对轴承腔内油相分布的影响较小,润滑油在轴承腔内分布较为均匀,保持架下侧未见明显的润滑油积聚。     

供油量对全陶瓷轴承振动和温升的影响

为探究供油量对轴承振动及温升的影响,本实验对Si3N4全陶瓷深沟球轴承和钢制深沟球轴承开展控制变量实验,探究了深沟球轴承在干摩擦、湿润滑、持续供油条件下的振动及温升特性。结果表明,供油量对全陶瓷深沟球轴承振动及温升的影响程度随轴向载荷的增大而减小,随着轴向载荷增加,润滑后的陶瓷轴承表现出更优越的性能,适用的润滑油供油量范围也较钢制轴承更广,在相同的供油量条件下,陶瓷材质的轴承内圈比钢制轴承内圈的温升低约（5～8）℃,陶瓷轴承的外圈温升比钢制轴承外圈的温升低约（5～11）℃,但钢制轴承在较大供油量时温升下降幅度较大,与陶瓷材质轴承的温升差值减小。同时氮化硅全陶瓷深沟球轴承较钢制轴承在不同供油量条件下振动和温升均表现出更优越的性能。     

喷嘴结构对角接触球轴承油气润滑中气帘效应的影响

针对角接触球轴承油气润滑中的气帘效应问题,基于气液两相流理论,构建了轴承腔内油气两相流的数值分析模型,分析了轴承腔内气帘效应的形成机理及影响因素,对比分析了5种喷嘴结构对气帘效应的影响。结果表明：在高速工况下,内圈与滚动体接触区附近产生的气帘效应阻止润滑油到达润滑点;气帘效应随轴承转速的升高而加剧;使用D型喷嘴结构时,气帘效应的影响最小,滚动体接触区附近油相的体积分数最大,轴承润滑效果最佳。     

表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响

为研究油气润滑状态下表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响,在角接触球轴承的内圈滚道上设计表面织构,基于气液两相流理论,采用多重参考坐标系(MRF)模型和流体体积(VOF)法,对高速角接触球轴承腔内润滑油流动特性进行数值分析,对比分析长沟槽、短沟槽、矩形、圆柱形4种表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响,发现长沟槽形的表面织构对改善角接触球轴承的润滑性能效果最为显著,并进一步分析长沟槽形表面织构结构参数对轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明：轴承腔内油相体积分数随着沟槽深度和面积率的增大先增大后减小,随着沟槽宽度的增加逐渐增大,存在最佳织构参数使得轴承腔内油相体积分数最大。因此,合理地设计织构参数能有效提高角接触球轴承润滑性能,该研究结果对角接触球轴承表面织构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

油气润滑下滚动轴承内润滑油输运与分布试验观察

受限于试验设备与试验条件,针对油气润滑的研究多基于数值模拟或球-盘点接触试验,这不符合轴承内部实际接触情况,特别是轴承内润滑介质的分布与输运的试验研究相对缺乏。搭建滚动轴承润滑行为模拟试验台,采用玻璃外环代替轴承外圈,利用光学方法直接观测油气润滑下滚动轴承内润滑油的分布与供给过程,并以SKF6008深沟球轴承为研究对象,分析转速和供气压力对供油效果的影响,结果表明：油气润滑输运的油滴可铺展在轴承外圈内表面,直接供给接触区;高压气体在较高转速下能够输运供给油层至接触区附近。     

沟曲率半径系数对高速陶瓷球轴承润滑状态影响的研究

采用迭代法,建立高速深沟陶瓷球轴承点接触等温弹流润滑计算模型.根据实际载荷和工作环境,推导出轴承润滑的边界条件,对各种沟曲率半径系数的轴承模型进行数值仿真分析计算,得出了内外沟曲率半径系数分别与轴承压力区最高压力和膜厚的关系。结果表明:在相同载荷速度和润滑油的情况下,内圈沟曲率半径系数为0.5145和0.5196时,轴承内外圈与滚动体接触区最小膜厚相同,在这个区域内外圈接触区膜厚较为接近.在相同载荷速度和润滑油情况下,内外圈接触区最大压力随着沟曲率半径系数的增大而增大。通过与传统理论计算的对比,结果具有较好的一致性,研究结果对高速深沟球轴承参数优化具有指导意义。     

基于STAR-CCM+的高速角接触球轴承喷油润滑研究

喷油润滑系统广泛应用于高速滚动轴承,喷油润滑条件下轴承温升特性是影响轴承动态工作稳定性的重要因素。基于两相流理论,以71904C角接触球轴承为研究对象,建立全轴承模型,采用旋转坐标系描述各组件运动,分析滚动轴承在不同参数下喷油润滑的两相流与传热效率的影响规律。结果表明：随着轴承转速增加,轴承搅拌力矩也相应增加,导致轴承内部温度升高;润滑油运动黏度增加,轴承内部流场搅拌力矩增加,导致轴承温度升高;轴承喷油速度增加,内部流场温度呈现先增加后降低趋势,因此存在一个最佳喷油速度使得轴承温升最低。     

考虑热效应的角接触球轴承弹流润滑数值分析

建立角接触球轴承的几何和数学模型,通过求解考虑热效应的Reynolds方程,对角接触球轴承的弹流润滑问题进行数值模拟,得到角接触球轴承的点接触热弹性流体动力润滑完全数值解,分析了考虑热效应时角接触球轴承的几何参数(接触角、吻合度、径向游隙等)、速度及载荷对压力和膜厚的影响。结果表明:设计角接触球轴承时,尽量提高内圈与球体在轴向方向的吻合度以有利于润滑油膜的形成,在轴承整体参数不变的情况下选择较小的节圆直径,可改善轴承润滑;从弹流润滑角度讲,选择合适的球体直径可使压力、膜厚、温度处于合适范围内,改善轴承工作情况;适度提高轴承的运转速度将有利于润滑油膜的形成,从而延长轴承使用寿命。     

角接触球轴承内圈织构设计及对油气润滑两相流的影响

针对角接触球轴承油气润滑中内圈润滑油含量少和保持性差的问题,提出在轴承内圈滚道设计圆凹坑形表面织构的润滑增效方法。基于气液两相流模型和多重参考系方法,建立内圈织构化角接触球轴承腔内油气两相流数值分析模型,分析内圈织构对轴承油气两相流动及润滑增效的影响。结果表明：织构化轴承可以显著提高润滑油在内圈的保持量,同时改善轴承腔内润滑油分布不均的状况;在微织构附近油气两相流动更不规则,所产生的压力梯度和速度梯度有利于提高气液两相膜的承载力;随着轴承转速的升高,内圈织构润滑增效效果相对减弱;随着供油量的增加,内圈织构润滑增效效果更加显著。     

润滑油黏度对全陶瓷球轴承腔体温度场分布规律的影响

为揭示全陶瓷球轴承在油润滑条件下内部温度场分布及变化情况,提高全陶瓷球轴承的运转性能与使用寿命,以7007C氮化硅全陶瓷角接触球轴承为研究对象,利用仿真软件模拟分析不同工况和润滑油黏度条件下全陶瓷球轴承腔体内部温度场及润滑油的分布状态;在轴承寿命试验机上进行相同条件下全陶瓷球轴承的动态特性试验,研究在油润滑工况下全陶瓷球轴承的温升特性。结果表明：随着轴承转速的提高,全陶瓷球轴承腔体内温度呈增大趋势,腔体内润滑油体积分数呈减小趋势;更换不同黏度润滑油发现随着润滑油黏度的增大,全陶瓷球轴承腔体内温度场呈现先减小后增大的趋势,存在最优黏度值使全陶瓷球轴承腔体温度达到最小值,轴承服役性能表现最佳。研究成果为实际生产中全陶瓷球轴承最优润滑油的选择提供了技术参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...