共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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近年来,苦味食物越来越受到人们的青睐,这是有科学根据的。苦味食物"家族"庞大,可供食用的苦味食品很多,如生菜、苦瓜、芹菜、苦笋、莴苣、芥蓝菜、油麦菜、芥兰、丝瓜、葫芦、瓠子、苜蓿、香椿、荆芥、芝麻叶、牛蒡根、蒲公英、慈菇等苦味菜,莲子、百合、薄荷、菊花、杏仁、李子、橘皮、槟榔、黑枣、米醋、绿茶、咖啡、可可、啤酒、苦丁茶、绞股蓝茶等果品和 相似文献
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袋泡咖啡的研制和加工技术李云川(云南咖啡厂,昆明650221)1引言咖啡、茶叶、可可是世界上的三大嗜好饮品,咖啡其产量和消费量以及经济价值均居于首位,例消耗量为可可的3倍,茶叶的4倍。在世界的多边贸易中其价值汉低于石油为第二大的贸易商品,年成交量不少... 相似文献
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Linley Chiwona‐Karltun Leon Brimer John D Kalenga Saka Albert R Mhone Jonathan Mkumbira Lisbeth Johansson Mpoko Bokanga Nzola Meso Mahungu Hans Rosling 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2004,84(6):581-590
Cassava roots contain cyanogenic glucosides. Malawian farmers classify cultivars into two groups based on the perceived danger of eating raw roots that they associate with bitterness. In the vernacular, cultivars that produce roots with bitter taste are called vyakubaba (bitter), whereas those yielding non‐bitter roots are called vyakuzizra (cool). In the scientific literature they are distinguished as ‘bitter’ or ‘sweet’. Roots from ‘bitter’ cultivars are processed prior to consumption. We studied the ability of farmers to predict the cyanogenic glucoside levels of 492 roots from the 10 most commonly grown cultivars. Twenty‐eight farmers predicted the taste of each of the cultivars that they grew, and scored bitterness on a five‐point scale by tasting the root tip. Thereafter cyanogenic glucosides were determined on half of the root, while a taste panel scored the taste of the other half. The mean cyanogenic glucoside level in 132 roots from ‘cool’ cultivars was 29 mg HCN eq kg?1 fresh weight (CI 25–33, range 1–123) and in 360 roots from ‘bitter’ cultivars was 153 mg HCN eq kg?1 fresh weight (CI 143–163, range 22–661). Farmers' distinction of ‘cool’ and ‘bitter’ cultivars predicts glucoside levels. The tasting of the tip of the root improved the farmers' prediction of toxicity. Scoring of bitterness by a trained taste panel showed a stronger correlation with glucoside levels (r2 = 0.67). This suggests that cyanogenic glucosides confer the bitter taste, notwithstanding the probability of additional modifying intrinsic factors. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Myojin C Enami N Nagata A Yamaguchi T Takamura H Matoba T 《Journal of food science》2008,73(7):C546-C550
The effects of blanching, freezing, and frozen storage on the retention of radical-scavenging activity (RSA), total phenolics, and ascorbic acid in bitter gourd were investigated. Blanching of sliced bitter gourd resulted in considerable losses of RSA and total phenolics, and most extensively, of ascorbic acid. In the subsequent frozen storage at -18 degrees C, RSA and total phenolic content of unblanched and blanched bitter gourd underwent little change for 90 d then gradually declined, but at -40 degrees C, they practically remained unchanged throughout the entire storage period. On the contrary, ascorbic acid content of both unblanched and blanched bitter gourd decreased abruptly at the early stage in frozen storage. The results show that blanching of bitter gourd improves the retention of RSA and total phenolics during subsequent frozen storage but markedly aggravated loss of ascorbic acid. Finally, it is to be noted that RSA, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid originally contained in the raw bitter gourd were overall best retained by quick freezing followed by frozen storage at -40 degrees C without preceding blanching. 相似文献
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苦杏仁中含有多种生物活性组分和营养素,具有较高的营养价值,但苦杏仁具有致敏性,过敏人群食用含有苦杏仁的食品后可能会产生过敏的风险。为探究超高压处理对苦杏仁分离蛋白结构和致敏性的影响,对杏仁分离蛋白进行不同压力处理,并利用圆二色谱、外源荧光光谱和酶联免疫吸附实验对其空间结构和致敏性进行表征。结果表明:苦杏仁分离蛋白100~500 MPa压力处理苦杏仁分离蛋白900 s后,苦杏仁分离蛋白其二级结构未发生显著变化。随着压力强度和保压时间的增加,苦杏仁分离蛋白的三级结构展开,荧光强度增加,疏水性基团暴露,表面疏水性逐渐增大,致敏性显著降低。苦杏仁分离蛋白致敏性的降低,可能是苦杏仁的过敏原构象表位发生了变化。该研究结果对开发安全的苦杏仁食品和饮料具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Encarna Gmez Lorenzo Burgos Constanza Soriano Josefa Marín 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1998,77(2):184-186
Eight different cultivars of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L) have been studied regarding the amygdalin content of their seeds to correlate amygdalin content with known phenotypes to determine if the inheritance of this trait is controlled in a discrete or quantitative manner. HPLC determination of amygdalin showed large differences between cultivars with sweet and bitter kernels. Also, some significant differences within groups of bitter and sweet kerneled cultivars were found but they did not correlate with the phenotypical expression of kernel flavour. From the results it is concluded that bitterness seems to be controlled in a discrete manner and that organoleptic evaluation that classifies cultivars or seedlings as bitter or sweet would be enough with no need for chemical analysis. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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为了研究电子舌对不同类型酒的识别能力。 将所有样品按照酒∶水=1∶2(V/V)进行稀释后,采用TS-5000Z味觉分析系统进行 检测,再对传感器信号进行主成分分析(PCA)、雷达图分析和稳定性分析。结果表明,主成分1(PC1)为苦味,贡献率为91.5%;主成分2(PC2)为酸味,贡献率为5.8%。 1#和4#样品味觉相近,分为一类;2#、3#和5#样品味觉相近,分为一类;6#、7#样品与其他样品的味觉都不 一样,各自单独分为一类。 2#样品酸味最强,涩味最弱;7#样品酸味最弱、涩味最强、苦味最强;4#样品苦味最弱。 可见电子舌能有效区 分不同类型酒的味感差别。 相似文献
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采用顶空固相微萃取(head space solid-phase micro-extractions,HS-SPME)结合气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术,定性及定量分析白色苦瓜(K1)、白绿色苦瓜(K2)、黄绿色苦瓜(K3)、浅绿色苦瓜(K4)、绿色苦瓜(K5)等5种不同果色苦瓜果实中的单萜类物质成分。结果表明:5种不同果色苦瓜果实共检测到29种单萜成分,包括11种单萜醇、9种单萜醛、4种单萜烯、3种单萜酮、1种单萜酯以及1种单萜炔类物质。白绿色苦瓜(K2)果实的单萜物质总含量最高,占挥发物总含量的75.387%;浅绿色苦瓜单萜成分总含量最低,占挥发物总含量的55.57%。检测到桃金娘烯醇在不同果色苦瓜果实挥发物中含量均为最高,超过总挥发物含量的40%,推测桃金娘烯醇为苦瓜果实的特征性香气物质。针对除桃金娘烯醇外的28种单萜成分进行主成分分析:可将单萜类物质划分为两个主成分,累积方差贡献率达到83.073%,第一主成分中贡献率高的单萜类物质为:顺式-桧萜醇、β-环柠檬醛、香叶醛、侧柏酮、香叶醇、α-紫罗兰酮;第二主成分中贡献率高的单萜类物质为:L-紫苏醇、反式-4,5-二环氧(E)-2-癸烯醛、顺式-4,5-二环氧(E)-2-癸烯醛、1α,2α,5α-2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)环戊烷甲醛、β-紫罗兰酮。聚类分析可将5种不同果色苦瓜分为两类,第一类为:白色苦瓜(K1)、白绿色苦瓜(K2)、黄绿色苦瓜(K3);第二类为:浅绿色苦瓜(K4)和绿色苦瓜(K5),同一类苦瓜果实中的单萜类物质在组成及含量上具有较高的相似性。 相似文献
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苦味物质的存在会对食品的味感造成较大影响,为提高产品感官品质,部分食品在加工过程中会进行苦味物质的检测和控制。目前,食品中苦味物质的检测主要集中于感官分析、生物评价、动物评价和仪器评价等方法。本文论述了食品加工过程中苦味物质的来源及国内外对于苦味检测方法的研究进展,以期对食品中苦味物质的检测提供参考。 相似文献
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目的探究苦味肽延长食品保鲜的抗氧化活性。方法研究乳胶珠吞噬细胞的吞噬能力的变化,以此来分析苦味肽的免疫功能。通过2, 2, 1-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)自由基清除、还原力以及金属螯合活性测定来评定苦味肽的抗氧化能力。在保鲜测试中、分析苦味肽对总羰基和巯基的影响来探究苦味肽对冷藏期间的样品组织是否具有抗氧化作用。最后再通过对样品使用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)来进一步分析苦味肽对肌肉蛋白质在整个氧化过程中结构稳定性的影响。结果苦味肽会增加吞噬细胞吞噬乳胶珠,表明苦味肽增加非特异性免疫功能;苦味肽具有显著的DPPH自由基清除活性,降低了铁离子的氧化能力和金属螯合能力;扫描电镜结果显示,在苦味肽处理的样品上组织结构的变形较小并且蛋白质的降解较少,而对照组(仅水处理)的样品明显可以观察到其肌肉蛋白失去了原有的有序结构。结论冷藏前用苦味肽处理去皮虾样品能有效减少羰基衍生物和自由巯基的形成,冷藏期间有助于样品的肌原纤维蛋白结构的稳定,表明苦味肽也有益于海洋食物的保鲜。 相似文献