深冲用铝板的织构和各向异性

综述了深冲用纯铝及铝合金板在轧制和退火时各种织构组分及其形成机制。铝板制后主要形成“纯铜型”织构组分，退火后主要是再结晶立方织构。评述了深冲铝板的各向异性行为及织构与各向异性的关系，并对如何改善深冲用铝板的各向异性指标提出了一些看法。     

EFFECTS OF RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES ON THE PLASTIC STRAIN RATIO R AND DEEP-DRAWING PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED LOW-CARBON STEEL SHEETS CONTAINING TITANIUM

研究了含Ti0.145—0.35％,Ti/(C+N)比为2.9—10.1的低碳深冲薄板,测定了不同Ti/(C+N)比时的织构,并与塑性应变比R值和实冲汽车零件的结果作了对照。当Ti/(C=N)>4时,主要织构为有利于深冲的(111)[112]织构;当Ti/(C+N)<4时,主要织构为不利于深冲的(100)[011]织构。深冲性好坏主要取决于薄板所具有的再结晶织构的类型和强弱,而与晶粒形状无关。用透射电镜观察了弥散的TiC,讨论了弥散相TiC对再结晶织构的某些影响。     

含Ti低碳冷轧汽车薄板织构与塑性应变比R值和深冲性能的关系

研究了含Ti0.145—0.35%,Ti/(C+N)比为2.9—10.1的低碳深冲薄板,测定了不同Ti/(C+N)比时的织构,并与塑性应变比R值和实冲汽车零件的结果作了对照。当Ti/(C=N)>4时,主要织构为有利于深冲的(111)[112]织构;当Ti/(C+N)<4时,主要织构为不利于深冲的(100)[011]织构。深冲性好坏主要取决于薄板所具有的再结晶织构的类型和强弱,而与晶粒形状无关。用透射电镜观察了弥散的TiC,讨论了弥散相TiC对再结晶织构的某些影响。     

IF钢织构形成与演化影响因素

归纳分析了影响IF钢深冲性能（r值）的织构类型,介绍了IF钢中化学成分、第二相粒子、加工工艺等对织构形成与演化的影响,为提高IF钢的深冲性能指明了方向,指出关于晶粒大小、晶界对织构的影响机理有待进一步研究。     

冷轧工艺对1050H19空调箔微观结构及深冲性能的影响

考察了不同冷轧工艺生产的1050H19电站用空调箔的性能,并结合X射线织构分析和透射电镜微观结构分析结果,讨论了织构及微观结构对深冲性能的影响.结果表明:4种工艺中试样的变形织构均属于典型的Cu型织构,不存在再结晶的R织构和立方织构组分,主要织构组分仍为Cu织构,但取向密度不同,易开裂者Cu织构的取向密度值达160,织构较强,并含有较难变形的织构组分P织构和戈斯织构.经分析可知,由于减少道次压下率和实施中间停留,使得铝箔消除了较难变形的织构组分,减小了Cu取向织构的取向密度,宏观上表现为深冲开裂倾向的减小,从而改善了铝箔的深冲性能.     

3104铝板织构对r值及深冲性能的影响

以德国Hydro公司3104成品铝板为实验材料检测了铝板织构及板材塑性应变比r值。由板材织构基于Sachs模型和反应应力模型计算了铝板的工程r值及φ2=65°ODF截面的不同取向晶粒的r值。结果表明,立方织构及立方织构与S织构之间的过渡织构有较高的r0,而S织构的r45值较高,立方织构、S织构和它们之间的过渡织构都有较高的r90值,此3种织构组分造成3104板材r90值最高。增强过渡织构可同时提高r0和r90值。最佳的立方织构、S织构和过渡织构的体积配比,就有可能获得最小的深冲制耳,从而显著提高3104铝板的深冲性能及成材率。     

工艺因素对铌带深冲性能的影响

研究了锻造开坯、轧制、热处理工艺对铌带深冲性能的影响.采用万能试验机、扫描电子显微镜对材料性能和微观形貌进行分析.结果表明:采用较高的锻造温度、较大的开坯压下量及低温长时间热处理,能使铌带具有更好的深冲性能、较高的强度和延伸率及良好的织构分布.铌带冷轧织构类型为典型的[100]//RD和[111]//ND纤维织构,经再结晶退火后转变为很强的(111)[101]到(111)[11(2)]的过渡型织构和较弱的(100)[011l]±15°织构.再结晶纤维织构强度大幅度增加,有利于消除深冲时的制耳.     

铝合金板材的织构分析和弹性各向异性的计算方法

本文从铝合金板材深冲制耳的织构关系引出织构分析方法,并在此基础上由单晶的弹性性质计算具有织构的多晶金属板材的弹性各向异性,从而找出一种分析制耳与弹性各向异性之间关系的途径。     

塑性变形比（r值）与板材织构和深冲制耳倾向的关系

对经不同退火温度处理的具有典型的变形织构、或变形织构与立方织构、或立方织构的L3薄板,按不同角度切取试样,进行拉伸变形,旨在考察各种不同织构强度时的塑性变形比(r值)的大小及其分布特点,以确定r值与板材织构和深冲制耳倾向的系系。     

深冲SPCE与超深冲IF钢r值差异的ODF分析

用取向分布函数（ＯＤＦ）方法对造成ＩＦ钢板与ＳＰＣＥ钢板ｒ差异的织构因素进行了分析。结果指出，由于铁素体中间隙原子存在状态不同经冷轧后冷轧织构不同，进而经退火后退火织构不同，ＩＦ钢的退火织构以｛１１１｝＜１１０＞、｛１１１｝＜１１２＞织构为主，ＳＰＣＥ钢的退火织构以｛００１｝＜１１０＞织构为主。｛１１１｝取向晶粒的ｒ大于｛００１｝取向晶粒的ｒ值，因而超深冲ＩＦ钢有比深冲ＳＰＣＥ钢板高的ｒ值。     

TEXTURAL REPRESENTATION FOR DEEP DRAWING STEEL SHEETS

Based on the crystallographic nature,two major characteristic textures of the deep drawingautomobile body steel sheet are represented with inverse pole figures,The correlation betweenthe textures of the deep drawing steel sheets and its deep drawing properties may be simplyand directly analysed by the quantitative texture technique.The results obtained by this tech-nique is in agreement with that of ODF quantitative analysis.     

微碳深冲钢板的再结晶与{111}织构的形成过程

采用试验和微观组织分析的方法,研究了冷轧微碳深冲钢板的再结晶组织和织构的特点以及AlN相析出对{111}织构形成过程的影响.研究结果表明,{111}织构从再结晶的形核阶段就已经开始形成,而且在其形成和初始长大过程中吞噬了非{111}织构组分.退火时采用慢速升温有利于AlN相充分析出和长大,促进了{111}织构的形成,从而抑制了非{111}织构组分,提高了微碳深冲钢板的成形性能.     

IF钢铁素体区轧制对带钢最终性能的影响

采用铁素体区轧制工艺能够大大提高IF钢冷、热轧带钢的深冲性能。本研究通过工业试验验证了铁素体区轧制工艺的可行性。试制带钢组织、织构及性能检测的结果表明：热轧带钢1/4厚度处和芯部初步形成了γ织构,连续退火冷轧带钢中形成了强烈的γ织构,冷轧带钢的伸长率达到50%以上,r值达到3.15,具有优良的成形性能。     

Evolution of through-thickness texture gradients in various steel sheets

In order to investigate the evolution of through-thickness texture gradients in various ferritic steel sheets, samples of a deep drawing steel, a ferritic stainless steel and a low carbon steel were deformed by cold rolling with and without application of a lubricant during the deformation process. The hot band texture of all samples examined showed notable through-thickness texture gradients. The evolution of the cold rolling texture in the ferritic stainless steel and the low carbon steel in a solution-treated state was nearly independent of the lubrication during rolling. However, in the deep drawing steel and the as-received low carbon steel, the lubrication played an important role in the formation of the through-thickness texture gradients. Whereas the samples rolled with lubrication showed uniform textures throughout the sheet thickness, in the samples rolled without lubrication pronounced shear textures were observed on the sheet surface. The evolution of these through-thickness texture gradients is discussed in terms of inhomogeneous strain states computed by an FEM model. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “ ’99 International Symposium on Textures of Materials”, held at Sunchun National University, Sunchun, April 21–22, 1999 under the auspices of The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and The Research and Development Center for Automobile’s Parts and Materials.     

DC06深冲开裂原因分析

通过使用光学显微镜、 X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验机等分析手段,对 DC06钢板冲压成汽车零部件过程中的开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：冲压件 45°方向塑性应变比 r值低于标准下限,深冲有利织构 {111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉少,导致板材变形不均匀,深冲性能差,在 45°方向应力集中区域首先产生开裂。在此基础上,提出改进措施,研究织构在热轧、冷轧及再结晶退火等加工过程中的产生及变化规律,优化生产工艺,对改进后的 DC06钢板进行测试,结果显示： DC06深冲板形成了较强的 γ纤维织构, r值升高, Δr小,板材成型性能提高。     

AZ31镁合金板材室温拉深破裂行为

为了探索提高AZ31镁合金板材室温冲压性能的途径,通过断口形貌分析,对板材室温拉深变形过程中的破裂机理进行了研究.结果表明,室温下,对于普通轧制板材,在拉深比达到1.2后即在冲头肩部发生破裂;对于等径角轧制板材.其拉深比可达1.6以上;当拉深比达到1.8时,在杯形件凸缘发生破裂,断面光滑平整.为解理断裂.这主要与板材在拉深变形中的应力应变状态和其非基面织构有关.单向拉伸与断口分析表明其冲压性能和破裂行为的差异,主要是因为这两种板材织构不同所致.     

Texture development of deep drawn aluminum cups

The differently heat-treated aluminum sheets (fully recrystallized or partially recrystallized) of 1 mm thick were deep drawn from a round shape with 60 mm diameter to a drawing ratio of 1.8. The initial texture of the fully recrystallized Al-sheet can be described by a very strong {001} <100 > cube texture and a weak beta-fiber component. The initial texture of the partially recrystallized Al-sheet consisted of the cube and the beta-fiber components with same amount of fraction. Ears with 2 mm height formed at 0° and 90° to the initial rolling direction in the drawn cup of the fully recrystallized sheet. And by partially recrystallized sheet the ears were found at 0° 45° and 90° After deep drawing, the maximum intensity of ODF was reduced to ca. 25% of the initial one by the fully recrystallized sheet and ca. 50% by the partially recrystallized sheet. The spread ranges of the orientation components were expanded. The sharp cube component of initial texture remained after deep drawing but the weak beta-fiber disappeared by the fully recrystallized sheet and some other components are formed by the partially recrystallized sheet.     

形变参量和形变温度对微碳深冲钢板织构特征的影响

对生产试制的微碳深冲钢板的热轧、冷轧和退火试样的织构和金相组织进行了分析,描述了非{111}织构的工序演变过程,并与常规的{111}织构的演变过程进行了比较.研究表明,在非{111}织构的演变过程中,热轧终轧温度(FT)和冷轧压下率(CR)体现出对织构比较明显的影响规律.     

纯钛板材冷拉成形过程中的微观组织与织构演变(英文)

研究纯钛板材冷拉成形过程中微观组织及织构演化规律。半球形壳体件在深拉延过程中由于各部位变形模式及应变形式的不同会形成胀形区、拉深区及法兰区等3个区域。结果表明,在拉深件的3个区域中塑性应变均由位错滑移与变形孪晶共同作用。纯钛板材及其拉深件中的织构包含轧制织构与再结晶织构。由于变形孪晶与位错滑移对织构的影响规律不同,初始板材织构的强度及类型在深拉过程中不断变化。变形孪晶对初始织构具有弱化作用,特别是对于再结晶织构,这种弱化效应更为明显。由于拉深区产生的孪晶较多,再结晶织构消失。此外,大拉伸变形时位错滑移为主导机制,织构强化效应明显。     

Textured surfaces for deep drawing tools by rolling

In this paper, macroscopic textured tool surfaces manufactured by rolling are investigated. Focus is on selective adjustment of friction by local texturing of tool areas to influence the material flow during deep drawing operations. Flat strip drawing tests were performed using friction elements with open textures. The texturing influences the friction conditions and affects the material properties of the stripes. The use of these surfaces results in a significant increase in friction, which allows an additional control of the material flow during sheet drawing operations. The main mechanisms for increased drawing forces are elastic deformation near the area of the texture and local plastic deformation on the sheet surface. Using strips made of mild steel, the texturing leads to an increased roughness of the sheet metal surface and, in the case of high surface pressure, to plastic deformations of the strips. Compared to conventional measures like draw beads, rolled-textured surfaces allow to retard the material flow during sheet drawing operation without excessive strain hardening in the sheet material.