中频磁控溅射制备AlN薄膜

设计了一套阳极层离子源辅助中频磁控溅射装置,并在Si(111)衬底上沉积AlN薄膜。用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和扫描电镜分析了AlN薄膜的结构、形貌和成分。在优化的实验条件下制备的AlN薄膜具有较强的(002)衍射峰,其半高宽为612–648弧秒。气体流量、衬底偏压、离子源等对薄膜结构有明显影响。     

中频磁控溅射制备AIN薄膜

设计了-套阳极层离子源辅助中频磁控溅射装置,并在Si(111)衬底上沉积AIN薄膜.用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和扫描电镜分析了AIN薄膜的结构、形貌和成分.在优化的实验条件下制备的AIN薄膜具有较强的(002)衍射峰,其半高宽为612-648弧秒.气体流量、衬底偏压、离子源等对薄膜结构有明显影响.     

低能Ar离子束辅助沉积Cu、Ag、Pt薄膜

采用低能Ar离子束辅助沉积方法,在Mo/Si(100)衬底上分别沉积Cu、Ag、Pt薄膜.实验发现,若辅助轰击的Ar离子束沿衬底法线方向入射,当离子/原子到达比为0.2时,沉积的Cu膜呈(111)晶向,而Ag、Pt膜均呈(111)和(100)混合晶向.当辅助轰击的Ar离子束偏离衬底法线方向45°入射时,沉积的Cu、Ag、Pt膜均呈(111)择优取向.采用Monte Carlo方法模拟能量为500 eV的Ar离子入射单晶Ag所引起的原子级联碰撞过程,分别算得Ar离子入射单晶Ag(100)面、(111)面时,Ar离子的溅射率与入射角和方位角的关系.对离子注入的沟道效应和薄膜表面的自由能对薄膜择优取向的影响作了初步的探讨和分析.     

分子束外延生长ZnO薄膜的XAFS研究

利用同步辐射广延X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS),研究在不同条件下分子束外延制备的ZnO薄膜,如分别在蓝宝石(0001)、Si(100)衬底上,生长温度为200℃或300℃下得到样品的局域结构。发现这些ZnO薄膜的EXAFS函数(k^2x(k))谱形状相似,说明各个样品都具有较为相近的基本局域结构。对生长温度为200℃的ZnO／Al2O3(0001)和ZnO／Si(100)样品,其Zn-O第一配位峰的无序度仃。分别为0．0054A^2和0．0080A^2,当生长温度从200℃提高到300℃时,ZnO／Al2O3(0001)样品的Zn-O第一配位峰的无序度仃。降为0．0039A^2。结果表明衬底与ZnO的晶格失配度和生长温度对ZnO薄膜的配位数、Zn-O键长影响不大,但较小的晶格失配度和较高的生长温度下得到的ZnO薄膜局域有序性较高;且样品的局域结构越有序,相应的配位峰幅度也越高。     

金属铀与铝薄膜界面的俄歇电子能谱研究

以磁控溅射沉积方法 ,采用循环氩离子轰击镀和未循环轰击镀工艺在金属铀上制备了铝薄膜。俄歇电子能谱分析结果表明 :循环氩离子轰击镀获得的铝薄膜和铀基体的界面扩散比未循环轰击镀的显著增强 ,且界面发生化学反应 ,生成了UAl3和Al2 O3相。     

α-安息香肟沉淀法分离低浓铀裂变产物中的钼

为研究α-安息香肟(α-BO)沉淀法从低浓铀裂变产物中提取裂变99 Mo工艺,考察了α-BO沉淀法提取99 Mo的条件,包括温度、HNO_3浓度、α-BO与Mo摩尔比、辐照剂量、U浓度对α-BO沉淀Mo的影响,探索了MoO_2(α-BO)_2沉淀的再溶解条件,测定了α-BO沉淀法对131I、Sr、Zr、Ru、Cs、Ce、U等杂质元素的去污系数,以及Mo回收率。结果表明,在室温下,当HNO_3浓度为1mol/L,α-BO与Mo摩尔比大于2时,在无水乙醇和0.4mol/L NaOH两种α-BO溶解体系下,Mo回收率均大于95%。保持辐照剂量率为5 000Gy/h,α-BO沉淀法提取Mo的回收率随α-BO辐照剂量的增大而降低。辐照剂量低于8.25×10~5 Gy时,两种α-BO溶解体系下,Mo回收率均大于85%。随着U浓度的上升,Mo回收率逐渐下降。MoO2(α-BO)2沉淀可在15min内溶于0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中。以上结果表明,采用α-BO沉淀法分离靶件溶解模拟液时,对Sr、Zr、Ru、Cs、Ce、I、U等杂质元素有较好的去污效果。研究结果可为低浓铀生产裂变99 Mo提供参考。     

偏压对铀上磁控溅射铝镀层微结构及残余应力的影响

分别用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和应力分析仪研究了5种不同偏压的施加对铀上磁控溅射铝镀层微结构和残余应力的影响.结果表明,偏压强烈影响镀层的组织.-300V下的组织致密性最差,低偏压下的优于未加偏压(0 V)的;偏压在-200 V及以下时的铝镀层择优取向于(111)低能晶面,高于-200 V时,择优取向由(111)转变为(200)晶面.不同偏压条件下制备的铝镀层的残余应力均较小,为数十MPa量级,但随着偏压的逐渐增加,残余应力由拉应力向压应力转变.     

感应耦合等离子体源制备硬质类金刚石膜的研究

采用感应耦合等离子体源 (ICPS)成功地实现了化学气相沉积硬质类金刚石 (DLC)膜 ,并考察了基片负偏压对类金刚石膜沉积过程和薄膜性质的影响。薄膜的微观形貌、显微硬度、沉积速率以及结构成分分析表明感应耦合等离子体源适于制备硬质类金刚石膜 ,并且在相对较低的基片负偏压条件下就可以获得高硬度的类金刚石膜。基片负偏压对类金刚石膜化学气相沉积过程和薄膜性质都有显著影响。     

低能Ar离子束辅助沉积Ag(111)薄膜

采用低能Ar离子束辅助沉积方法,在Mo/Si(100)基底上制备Ag膜。实验发现,用Ar离子束溅射沉积的Ag膜呈(111)择优取向。若在溅射沉积Ag膜的同时,用能量为500eV的Ar离子束沿衬底法线方向对Ag膜进行辅助轰击,当离子/原子到达比为0.06时,Ag膜呈(111)择优取向;当离子/原子到达比增大到0.18时,Ag膜呈(111)和(100)混合晶向。若Ar离子的入射角为35.26°,离子/原子到达比为0.06时,Ag膜呈(111)择优取向;当离子/原子比增大到0.18时,Ag膜呈(111)和微弱的(100)混合晶向。若Ar离子的入射角为54.7°,离子/原子到达比为0.06时,沉积的Ag膜呈很强的(111)择优取向。     

偏压对ECR-微波等离子增强沉积ZrN薄膜的结构及性能的影响

利用ECR-微波等离子溅射沉积技术加不同偏压在45#钢基体上制备了ZrN薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对薄膜的微观组织结构进行了分析。结果表明,无偏压时薄膜为非晶膜,随着偏压的升高,薄膜呈ZrN晶体结构。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)测试了薄膜表面形貌。薄膜表面平整,但仍存在局部缺陷;粗糙度(RMS)在0.311—0．811nm之间变化,轮廓算术平均值(Ra)在0．239-0．629nm之间变化。同时利用电化学极化实验在0．5mol／LNaCl溶液中测试了基体及薄膜的耐蚀性能,基体自腐蚀电位Ecorr为-512．3mV,样品Ecprr在-400．3--482．6mV之间变化,45#钢基体自腐蚀电流Icorr为9．036μA,样品Icorr。在0．142—0．694μA之间变化。并讨论了偏压对薄膜的微观组织和耐蚀性能产生影响的原因。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.