飞控系统传感器故障诊断的在线方法研究

传感器是飞行控制系统当中的一个重要组成部分,在系统中往往利用传感器的各个输出来建立飞机的动态状态;因此,实时准确的对传感器进行故障检测和识别可有效地提高系统的安全可靠性;提出一种带有可变遗忘因子的BP神经网络在线递推学习算法,应用改进的算法对飞行控制系统的传感器故障进行实时在线的检测和识别,且利用神经网络的输出对系统进行重构;仿真结果表明提出的方法可准确的对传感器的故障进行故障诊断和容错控制.     

基于PNN的汽车ABS系统中压力调节器和轮速传感器的故障诊断

在汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)中,压力调节器和轮速传感器起着非常重要的作用,为了进一步完善汽车防抱死制动系统的制动性能,文中提出一种基于概率神经网络(PNN)的压力调节器和轮速传感器的故障诊断方法。基于高附着均一路面,起车时制动及单一的压力调节器或者轮速传感器故障的试验数据,分别建立了基于概率神经网络的压力调节器故障诊断模型和轮速传感器故障诊断模型,并与BP神经网络进行了比较。仿真结果表明,利用相同的训练样本集对概率神经网络和BP神经网络进行训练时,基于概率神经网络的压力调节器故障诊断模型和轮速传感器故障诊断模型在训练时间和诊断精度上明显优于BP神经网络,并且利用测试样本对建好的压力调节器故障模型和轮速传感器故障模型进行检测时,无论测试样本的顺序发生什么变化,基于概率神经网络的故障模型都能够准确的进行故障识别。     

基于神经网络观测器的飞控传感器在线故障诊断

为提高无人机飞行安全可靠性,针对飞行控制系统中常出现的传感器故障以及非线性气动力模型参数难以确定的问题,提出了基于BP神经网络观测器估计的故障诊断方法;引用LM改进算法对网络参数进行调整,构造了神经网络观测器模型逼近非线性系统,并运用于飞行控制系统进行在线数字仿真,对垂直陀螺输出卡死故障、恒偏差故障和恒增益故障分别进行仿真分析;仿真结果表明,所设计神经网络观测器可以有效估计系统输出,在线诊断传感器故障。     

基于神经网络的无人机传感器故障诊断技术研究

无人机传感器的故障诊断和容错控制是一项关键技术,为了能够实时监测传感器的运行状态、快速定位故障和控制重构,文章采用BP神经网络设计了一种由主、从神经网络构成的无人机传感器故障诊断算法,其中主网络用于传感器的故障检测,从网络完成对故障的识别;该算法减少了故障诊断运算量,提高了故障诊断的实时性;通过仿真研究表明了该算法可以有效地检测、识别出故障,并能给出故障传感器估计值用于容错控制.     

基于神经网络的电机可靠性控制技术研究

以改进的CMAC(cerebellar model articulation controllers)神经网络作为电机可靠性控制的基础,提出一种动态非线性系统自适应容错控制方法。由于改进CMAC信息融合模型具有连续输出特性,从而解决常规故障诊断方法对电机涌堵故障连续变化情形不能诊断的缺陷。从而提高神经网络的在线学习速度和精度;在故障在线学习的基础上进行电机的容错控制律的在线重构,实现电机的在线故障诊断与容错控制的集成,分析了系统的稳定性,并给出了仿真结果。     

改进BP神经网络的EPS扭矩传感器的诊断

为了准确检测到EPS(电动助力转向系统)扭矩传感器的具体故障部位,及时发现可能出现的故障,提高扭矩传感器的可靠性.针对BP神经网络的不足,提出了一种基于改进型BP神经网络的扭矩传感器故障诊断方法,通过对隐层神经元的修正,改进了BP神经网络的网络结构和训练方法,并应用于EPS扭矩传感器的故障诊断中.对扭矩传感器故障诊断系统进行仿真,结果表明,该方法在扭矩传感器的故障诊断方面能够取得很好的效果.     

一种容错飞行控制的神经网络方法研究

文章提出了一种新的主动容错飞行控制系统设计方法,可同时进行飞控系统执行器的故障诊断和容错控制;首先建立飞机执行器故障模型,接着应用改进的BP神经网络算法,进行飞行控制系统模型辨识,实时进行故障诊断;然后根据故障诊断信息进行自适应容错控制,为了克服故障系统引起的模型误差和非线性因素的影响,设计了自适应神经网络PID参数整定和动态逆控制器,对飞行控制系统执行器故障进行容错控制,以实现系统的良好模型跟踪和动态性能;仿真结果表明,在保证闭环系统稳定的前提下,实现了执行器的在线故障诊断与容错控制,达到了理想的效果.     

飞控系统传感器故障诊断的神经网络方法研究

BP神经网络对于飞行控制系统传感器故障诊断是一种有效的故障模式识别方法;在标准BP神经网络的基础上,提出了一种新的BP改进算法——自适应FMBP算法(SAFMBP),用以消除标准BP网络收敛速度慢及易陷入局部极小等缺点,并且建立了飞行控制系统仿真模型和传感器常见故障模型,采用基于神经网络模式分类的故障诊断方法,应用改进的BP神经网络(SAFMBP)进行飞控系统传感器的故障诊断,最后给出了仿真诊断实例。     

线控转向汽车传感器的智能容错设计

在汽车线控转向优化控制的研究中,汽车传感器容错技术模型精确度低和易受扰动影响等问题,造成汽车的安全性能受到影响。针对传统解析关系模型精度低,采用了邻域粗糙集模型对传感器信息进行预处理,用以精确找出与容错对象存在解析关系的相关联传感器信息;为了消除观测器的扰动影响,利用了神经网络组建容错对象的冗余信息,将关联传感器信号作为径向基神经网络的输入,容错对象的信号用作进行监督训练。利用神经网络的估计输出和容错对象的输出差值,即残差是否超出门限来实现故障判别,在残差超过门限后进行输出控制,屏蔽故障传感器输出,可用神经网络的估计输出来完成信号补偿。通过仿真表明,改进设计具有较好的抗噪性和逼近能力,能很好的完成故障检测和信号补偿,达到容错控制的目的。     

BP神经网络在飞控系统传感器故障诊断中的应用

故障检测和诊断技术对提高系统可靠性具有重要意义,针对飞控系统中常见的传感器故障,提出了基于神经网络观测器的故障诊断方法;通过构造神经网络模型代替解析系统建模,利用神经网络的学习能力在线检测传感器故障,最后,应用BP神经网络算法对故障进行仿真;仿真结果表明,神经网络观测器方法对单一传感器故障及多个传感器故障均能够准确识别,并对故障的定位也有不错的效果。     

Lightweight fault localization combined with fault context to improve fault absolute rank

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a promising replacement of bus architecture due to its better scalability. In state-of-the-art NoCs, each packet contains several fixed-length flits, which facilitates allocations of network resources but brings in many unused bits. In this paper, we propose a novel technique called Stealth-ACK to effectively address the above problem. Stealth-ACK leverages unused bits in head flits of non-ACK packets to carry and stealthily transmit ACK information. Such stealth transmissions of ACK information effectively reduce not only the amount of dedicated ACK packets on NoC, but also the number of unused bits in head flits of non-ACK packets, which significantly reduces wastes on NoC bandwidth. Experimental results show that Stealth-ACK averagely increases the throughput of 16 × 16 2-D mesh NoC by 11.9%, and averagely reduces the NoC latency by 34.8% on application traces of SPLASH-2. Moreover, Stealth-ACK only requires trivial hardware modification to basic router architectures, which incurs negligible power consumption and area cost.

     

Real-time fault diagnosis [robot fault diagnosis]

This article presents a number of complementary algorithms for detecting faults on-board operating robots, where a fault is defined as a deviation from expected behavior. The algorithms focus on faults that cannot directly be detected from current sensor values but require inference from a sequence of time-varying sensor values. Each algorithm provides an independent improvement over the basic approach. These improvements are not mutually exclusive, and the algorithms may be combined to suit the application domain. All the approaches presented require dynamic models representing the behavior of each of the fault and operational states. These models can be built from analytical models of the robot dynamics, data from simulation, or from the real robot. All the approaches presented detect faults from a finite number of known fault conditions, although there may potentially be a very large number of these faults.     

基于故障检测次序的供料单元故障诊断

针对气动PLC自动生产线中供料单元,在一次供料过程时,上电后却无法运作,通过观察其故障现象,分析其故障原因,提出设定故障检查次序,综合利用假设验证法、替换法、经验法和测量法等故障诊断方法,排除设备的故障,继而通过实践证明合理设定故障检查次序对设备故障排除的重要性.     

Deductive Fault Simulation Algorithm Based on Fault Collapsing

The true value simulation is necessary in the critical path tracing fault simulation algorithm.The critical and non-critical inputs can be known after the number of controlling and non-controlling inputs and the criticality of output of every gate are determined.Single output region(SOR)is defined for non-critical lines,so many other non-critical lines can be obtained before fault simulation.The deductive fault simulation algorithm is used to compute the fault list for every possible critical line from bottom to top,which can greatly decrease the length of fault list and simulation time.The cross-sectios is defined to reduce the storage space.The experimental results are given at the end of the paper.     

Finding fault with fault injection: an empirical exploration of distortion in fault injection experiments

It has become well established that software will never become bug free, which has spurred research in mechanisms to contain faults and recover from them. Since such mechanisms deal with faults, fault injection is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness. However, little thought has been put into the question whether fault injection experiments faithfully represent the fault model designed by the user. Correspondence with the fault model is crucial to be able to draw strong and general conclusions from experimental results. The aim of this paper is twofold: to make a case for carefully evaluating whether activated faults match the fault model and to gain a better understanding of which parameters affect the deviation of the activated faults from the fault model. To achieve the latter, we instrumented a number of programs with our LLVM-based fault injection framework. We investigated the biases introduced by limited coverage, parts of the program executed more often than others and the nature of the workload. We evaluated the key factors that cause activated faults to deviate from the model and from these results provide recommendations on how to reduce such deviations.     

Joint sensor fault detection for fault tolerant parallel manipulators

Parallel manipulators with redundant joint displacement sensing can be exploited to develop fault tolerant implementations. This is possible since fundamental problems of the associated kinematics can still be solved after the elimination of faulty sensor readings. The ability of detecting faulty sensor readings is a requirement of any fault tolerant implementation scheme. A sensor fault detection method is presented for redundantly sensed parallel manipulators. A broad class of three‐branch manipulators is considered where each branch consists of three main‐arm joints and supports a common payload through respective passive spherical joints. The detection method is based on the comparison of forward displacement solutions for different cases of joint sensor readings. The existence of common solutions based on the branches–sensors considered, is used to effectively identify the existence of a failed sensor. Once a faulty sensor is identified, continued (fault tolerant) operation is possible using a forward displacement solution based on the readings of the accurate sensors. The detection method is implemented in a computer simulation of a calibrated three‐branch parallel manipulator. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于故障字典法的某型放大器的故障诊断研究

针对某型放大器进行了基于故障字典法的故障诊断方法的研究,利用Protel软件,对某型放大器的静态工作及瞬态工作过程进行了仿真分析,并根据所得数据建立故障字典,实验结果表明该故障字典的建立方法具有有效性和实用性的特点.     

A rough set-based fault ranking prototype system for fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis is a complex and difficult problem that concerns effective decision-making. Carrying out timely system diagnosis whenever a fault symptom is detected would help to reduce system down time and improve the overall productivity. Due to the knowledge and experience intensive nature of fault diagnosis, the diagnostic result very much depends on the preference of the decision makers on the hidden relations between possible faults and the presented symptom. In other words, fault diagnosis is to rank the possible faults accordingly to give the engineer a practical priority to carry out the maintenance work in an efficient and orderly manner. This paper presents a rough set-based prototype system that aims at ranking the possible faults for fault diagnosis. The novel approach engages rough theory as a knowledge extraction tool to work on the past diagnostic records, which is registered in a pair-wise comparison table. It attempts to extract a set of minimal diagnostic rules encoding the preference pattern of decision-making by domain experts. By means of the knowledge acquired, the ordering of possible faults for failure symptom can then be determined. The prototype system also incorporates a self-learning ability to accumulate the diagnostic knowledge. A case study is used to illustrate the functionality of the developed prototype. Result shows that the ranking outcome of the possible faults is reasonable and sensible.