纳米金比色法在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展

纳米金粒子具有独特的物理、化学特性及较好的生物相容性,是目前现有的纳米材料中应用和研究最多的材料之一,其在诸多领域如生物传感器、表面电化学分析、免疫分析、药物传递以及治疗等方面都具有广阔的应用前景。纳米金具有极高的消光系数和强烈的粒子间距效应,其在分散状态下呈红色,变为交联团聚状态后呈蓝色,依据该特性建立了各种各样的纳米金比色快速检测方法。由于纳米金比色法具有操作简便、成本低廉、结果肉眼可见且灵敏度较高等优点,近年来在分析化学尤其是快速检测领域发展迅速,许多影响食品安全的有害物质可通过直接或间接作用影响纳米金的聚合状态,从而使纳米金比色法在食品安全检测中的应用成为可能。本文综述了纳米金比色法的原理及其在食品安全各类污染物中的检测应用,并总结了该方法面临的问题,提出了将来的发展方向。     

Functionalization techniques for improving SERS substrates and their applications in food safety evaluation: A review of recent research trends

BackgroundFood safety and quality have gained much attention in recent years and the capability to evaluate food quality and safety in a sensitive, rapid, and reliable manner is of great importance in the food industry. Therefore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the advantages of excellent sensitivity, high selectivity, non-destructive nature and significant enhancement to identify the target has demonstrated a great potential for quick detection of chemical contaminants, chemical constitutes, and pathogens in food samples.Scope and approachThe enhancement of Raman signals for SERS is not only related to the interactions between substrates and samples but also the functionalization of substrates to gain SERS active substrates. In the present review, different types of substrates are briefly discussed, functionalization techniques for SERS active substrates are discussed, and applications of functionalized SERS substrate in food samples are presented.Conclusions and key findingsIt is evident that functionalization techniques for improving SERS substrates have given encouraging outcomes, which provides possibility for identifying multiple target analytes within a complex matrix, and thus could be used as a powerful analytical tool in real-world applications in food safety analysis as well as for enhancing food quality surveillance.     

基于金纳米颗粒过氧化物酶活性的比色传感器在食品安全检测中的应用

金纳米颗粒(gold nanoparticles,AuNPs)是一种具有类似天然酶活性的纳米材料,已被开发成比色传感器,特别是基于AuNPs过氧化物酶活性的比色方法被广泛应用于分析检测领域.该文介绍了AuNPs的合成方法,总结了基于AuNPs过氧化物酶活性比色传感器的检测原理,列举了其在食品安全检测中的应用实例,最后就...     

纳米金在食品安全检测中的应用

食品安全是当今全世界共同关注的重大问题。研发出灵敏、快速、准确、经济的食品安全检测产品则是食品安全问题的重中之重。纳米金在此方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文在简要介绍纳米金特性的基础上对近些年来纳米金在食品安全检测领域的应用研究进展进行综述。     

LSPR-based colorimetric biosensing for food quality and safety

Ensuring consistently high quality and safety is paramount to food producers and consumers alike. Wet chemistry and microbiological methods provide accurate results, but those methods are not conducive to rapid, onsite testing needs. Hence, many efforts have focused on rapid testing for food quality and safety, including the development of various biosensors. Herein, we focus on a group of biosensors, which provide visually recognizable colorimetric signals within minutes and can be used onsite. Although there are different ways to achieve visual color-change signals, we restrict our focus on sensors that exploit the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon of metal nanoparticles, primarily gold and silver nanoparticles. The typical approach in the design of LSPR biosensors is to conjugate biorecognition ligands on the surface of metal nanoparticles and allow the ligands to specifically recognize and bind the target analyte. This ligand–target binding reaction leads to a change in color of the test sample and a concomitant shift in the ultraviolet-visual absorption peak. Various designs applying this and other signal generation schemes are reviewed with an emphasis on those applied for evaluating factors that compromise the quality and safety of food and agricultural products. The LSPR-based colorimetric biosensing platform is a promising technology for enhancing food quality and safety. Aided by the advances in nanotechnology, this sensing technique lends itself easily for further development on field-deployable platforms such as smartphones for onsite and end-user applications.     

Synthesis and stability analysis of papain-functionalized gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) for the colorimetric detection of mercury in milk

To detect mercury in dairy cow milk by colorimetric techniques, papain-functionalized gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) were synthesised. Papain-functionalized gold nanoparticles aggregated when mercury ions were introduced, causing their absorption peak to shift from 525 to 575 nm. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy determined that aggregated P-AuNPs average sizes were 26.60 nm and 15.17–18.23 nm, respectively, with monodispersed. The detection limit of P-AuNPs for mercury in milk samples was 1.0 ppm with high recovery. This sensor showed relatively high selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg²⁺ ions in milk. This method shows utility in developing countries for monitoring the concentration of Hg²⁺ in water, milk and food items for safety purposes.     

Rapid point-of-need detection of bacteria and their toxins in food using gold nanoparticles

Biosensors need to meet the rising food industry demand for sensitive, selective, safe, and fast food safety quality control. Disposable colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and localized surface plasmon resonance are low-cost and easy-to-perform devices intended for rapid point-of-need measurements. Recent studies demonstrate various facile and versatile AuNPs-based analytical platforms for the detection of bacteria and their toxins in milk, meat, and other foods. In this review, we introduce the general characteristics and mechanisms of AuNPs calorimetric biosensors, and highlight optimizations needed to strengthen and improve the quality of devices for their application in food matrices.     

Lanthanide ion (Ln3+)-based upconversion sensor for quantification of food contaminants: A review

The food safety issue has gradually become the focus of attention in modern society. The presence of food contaminants poses a threat to human health and there are a number of interesting researches on the detection of food contaminants. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are superior to other fluorescence materials, considering the benefits of large anti-Stokes shifts, high chemical stability, non-autofluorescence, good light penetration ability, and low toxicity. These properties render UCNPs promising candidates as luminescent labels in biodetection, which provides opportunities as a sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection method. This paper intended to review the research progress of food contaminants detection by UCNPs-based sensors. We have proposed the key criteria for UCNPs in the detection of food contaminants. Additionally, it highlighted the construction process of the UCNPs-based sensors, which includes the synthesis and modification of UCNPs, selection of the recognition elements, and consideration of the detection principle. Moreover, six kinds of food contaminants detected by UCNPs technology in the past 5 years have been summarized and discussed fairly. Last but not least, it is outlined that UCNPs have great potential to be applied in food safety detection and threw new insight into the challenges ahead.     

金纳米粒子在食源性病原体检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,由食源性病原体污染食物导致中毒或死亡事件在全球频发,食源性病原体引起的疾病已成为危害人类健康的头号杀手，亟需开发快速、准确且灵敏的食源性病原体检测方法用于日常的食源疫情监测和预防食源性疾病暴发。金纳米粒子凭借其小尺寸、表面积大、高反应活性及易于与其他传统检测方法相结合等优势成为临床诊断、食品安全等领域的研究热点。本文在总结了金纳米粒子的理化性质、制备的基础上，重点综述了基于金纳米粒子的免疫标记技术在食源性病原体检测方面的应用，主要涉及免疫层析技术、比色法、生物传感器的制备和探针技术等的最新研究进展，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为临床样本或食物中的食源性病原体检测快速化、准确化提供理论依据。     

基于纳米金光学性质检测脂肪酶活性的研究进展

脂肪酶是食品工业广泛应用的酶制剂, 其活性大小对食品品质有重要影响, 因此对其活力测定成为食品检测中不可或缺的一部分。脂肪酶常见的测定方法有滴定法、皂铜比色法、平板法等, 但这些方法往往存在操作复杂、灵敏度不足、测量误差较大的缺点, 而基于纳米金光学性质检测脂肪酶具有简单快速、灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简单等优点, 是一种良好的测定方法。本文主要从纳米金的光学性质和测定的原理、基于纳米金的光学特性检测脂肪酶的方法及未来发展3个方面对纳米金在测定脂肪酶活性方面的研究进展进行评述。目前, 使用纳米金检测脂肪酶活性仍然存在很多问题, 通过总结近年来脂肪酶活性的检测方法, 希望能对未来脂肪酶活性快速、灵敏检测起到一定的推进作用。     

食品中喹诺酮类抗生素的光学和电化学传感器检测方法研究进展

食品中喹诺酮类抗生素的残留危害食品安全,已经引起广泛关注。基于纳米材料制备的传感器具有实时分析、低检测限和分析所需的样品量小等多种优势,是目前喹诺酮类抗生素的现场检测技术研究的热点。本文介绍了荧光、比色、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)、免疫层析(ICA)等光学传感器和基于不同纳米材料的电化学传感器在喹诺酮类抗生素检测中的应用,比较和分析了不同类型传感器的特点。并对量子点、上转换纳米粒子等纳米材料在光学传感器中的应用,以及碳纳米材料、金属纳米材料和氧化还原介质等在电化学传感器中的应用进行了综述并提出了展望,以期为食品中抗生素的检测和传感器的发展提供新的思路。     

Visual detection of melamine in raw milk using gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probe

We report the development of a simple and rapid colorimetric detection method for melamine in raw milk using gold nanoparticles as probe. This assay relies upon the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles. In neutral media, melamine could rapidly induce the aggregation of gold nanoparticles, thereby resulting in red-to-blue (or purple) colour change. The concentration of melamine in raw milk can be determined by monitoring with the naked eye or a UV–vis spectrometer. The present limit of detection for melamine is 0.4 mg/L. The method is rather simple, and the whole process including sample pretreatment takes only 12 min at room temperature. The merits (such as simplicity, rapidity, low cost and visual colorimetry) make the proposed method specially useful for on-site screening melamine levels well below the current safety limit in raw milk.     

快速筛选技术的评价验证

快速筛选技术是指包括样品制备在内, 能够在较短时间内出具检测结果的行为, 也称之为快速检测技术。随着我国食品安全问题广受关注, 快速筛选技术便成为研究的重点。快速检测目前主要应用于食品中农、兽药残留, 微生物致病菌, 营养成分, 不明污染物等针对食品安全的现场快速检测及常规检测。本文介绍了分子光谱法、免疫分析方法、酶抑制法和生物传感器等几种快速筛选技术的研究进展以及在食品安全检测等领域的应用。随着快速筛选技术的不断发展使得快速检测方法及其相关仪器产品种类越来越多且原理复杂, 快速检测方法的质量控制和方法验证显得尤为重要。本文重点阐述了快速筛选技术与方法的评价验证, 其主要技术参数包括: 敏感度、阴性和阳性界限值的准确性、选择性和特异性、检出限、定量限、重复性和再现性等, 并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

金属有机框架基电化学传感器在食品安全检测中的应用进展

为保障食品安全和人类健康,实现快速、准确现场检测食品中有害物质是控制食品质量的关键。电化学传感器因其响应速度快、灵敏度高、设备易于小型化等优势在快检领域具有一定的优势。但食品中有害物质的痕量检测需要更广检测范围和更低检测限,同时实际样品体系复杂,对传感器的抗干扰性提出更高的要求。金属有机框架材料(metal-organic framework,MOF)因其可调的孔隙结构、大比表面积、易于修饰等优点,能够有效提高传感器的灵敏度和选择性。因此,MOF基电化学传感器被广泛应用于食品中有害物质的检测。本文综述了MOF材料用于构建电化学传感器对食品中危害因素(兽药、农药残留、真菌毒素、重金属、食品添加剂)检测的应用进展,同时对MOF材料的不足进行了讨论,并给出一些参考建议。     

导电聚合物基电化学传感器在食品安全分析中的应用

食品安全危害因子具有痕量、毒性高等特点，故高灵敏的检测方法对于食品安全具有重要意义。导电聚合物是电化学传感器重要的增敏材料之一，导电聚合物基电化学传感器集合了电化学传感器易于小型化、分析速度快以及导电聚合物的优异导电性等理化性能，在痕量食品安全分析方面具有独特优势。本文介绍了导电聚合物的分类、合成方法等内容，综述了导电聚合物基电化学传感器用于食品安全分析的最新进展，并对导电聚合物基电化学传感器用于食品安全分析面临的挑战及发展前景进行了展望。     

食品过敏原生物传感检测技术研究进展

食品过敏原已成为全球性的食品安全隐患.应对食品过敏反应最直接、有效的方法就是避免食用和接触各种含有致敏成分的食品.因此,快速和灵敏地检测食品中过敏原对预防和控制食品过敏反应是十分重要的.食品过敏原检测主要可以分为基于核酸和蛋白质的两大类检测技术.与基于聚合酶链式反应技术、液相色谱-串联质谱法的传统检测手段相比,生物传感...     

基于多巴胺及其衍生物的传感器在食品快速检测中的研究进展

食品安全问题关系国计民生,快速检测技术对实现食品安全战略具有重要意义。聚多巴胺及其复合材料修饰的传感器在食品快速检测中表现出良好的稳定性,且具有检测限低、灵敏度高的优势;此外,聚多巴胺及其修饰复合材料制备过程简单、绿色环保,基于这些优点,聚多巴胺及其复合材料在食品安全评价、环境监测、生物分析等领域的运用备受关注。本文综述了基于多巴胺及其衍生物的光学、电化学传感器在食品检测方面的一些设计和应用,以体现其明显的应用优越性。最后,对多巴胺及其衍生物在食品快速检测领域面临的挑战和未来的发展前景进行探讨,以期对多巴胺在食品快速检测新技术方面的推广应用提供参考。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在食品污染物快速检测中的应用

随着科技的发展,食品的种类越来越丰富,随之而来的问题是食品中引入的污染物也越来越复杂,这使得食品安全成为当今全球关注的一个重要话题,快速有效地检测食品中污染物已然成为食品检测的热点。表面增强拉曼光谱(surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS)由于其极高的灵敏度、快速检测、指纹图谱解释能力,以及高达单分子级别的检测水平,逐渐成为检测食品中污染物的常用方法。本文针对SERS基底的发展现状,如特殊形态金属纳米颗粒和固相SERS平台,以及SERS在农兽药,掺假,天然毒素以及食源性病原体等污染物中的检测方法进行了论述,以期为表面增强拉曼光谱未来在食品污染物快速检测中的应用提供参考。     

侧流免疫层析技术在食品安全检测中的研究进展

侧流免疫层析技术(lateral flow immunoassay,LFIA)不仅有效结合了层析技术的分离能力和免疫分析的高度特异性,而且操作简单、检测快速、价格低廉,为食品安全现场检测提供了一种理想的技术平台.常规的LFIA主要以纳米金颗粒作为信号标记材料,该种方法检测灵敏度相对较低,仅能满足定性和半定量检测.为了提...     

改良比色法检测食品中的亚硝酸盐

近些年,与亚硝酸盐有关的食品安全问题时有发生,传统比色法又有其局限性,因此本实验对传统比色法进行了改良。将对氨基苯硫酚和萘基乙二胺盐分别修饰到金纳米颗粒上,通过与NO₂-的化学反应使金纳米颗粒发生聚集,并且聚集程度与NO₂-的浓度呈正相关,此方法的标准曲线的R2=0.9946,回收率97.00%~100.28%,相对标准偏差(RSD)是0.77%~3.88%,检测限达到了5.12 ng/mL,并比较了三种常见食品的亚硝酸盐含量的变化。通过与传统比色法的对比,此方法操作简单(一步法)、稳定性好、响应快、检测限低,可用于分析食品中微量亚硝酸盐产生过程和水中微量亚硝酸盐的检测,有利于食品工业的发展进步。