TC4钛合金表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-13wt%TiO2涂层及激光重熔研究

采用等离子喷涂技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了常规Metco130陶瓷涂层及纳米结构Al2O3-13wt%TiO2涂层,并利用CO2激光器对涂层进行了激光重熔,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、微区成分分析(EDAX)及维氏硬度试验研究了激光重熔前后涂层的组织性能变化.结果表明,等离子喷涂涂层与基体形成了较好的机械结合,但涂层中存在孔隙,激光重熔后,重熔层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,其组织结构更为均匀而致密.采用谢乐公式估算了重熔后涂层中各相的平均粒径,结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米结构的涂层在激光重熔后仍然处于纳米结构.另外,选择合理的激光工艺参数,涂层的硬度得到了较大提高.     

激光重熔纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层组织及性能

为了进一步提高等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数, 下同)复合陶瓷涂层的性能,在γ-TiAl基体材料表面采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和显微硬度,同时对涂层的磨损特性进行了考察.结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区两部分组成,仍然具有等离子喷涂态的典型层状结构.经过激光重熔后,形成了致密细小的等轴晶重熔区、烧结区和残余等离子喷涂区,由于激光快速加热和快速冷却加工特点,在重熔区仍保留了部分来源于原等离子喷涂部分熔化区的残留纳米粒子.与常规等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层相比,纳米结构涂层可在一定程度上提高其硬度和耐磨性,经过激光重熔后其硬度和耐磨性进一步提高.     

激光重熔双模态Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的组织与性能

采用普通Metco 130粉末及纳米结构Al2O3-13％ TiO2粉末通过等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合技术分别在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了激光重熔涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和维氏硬度计等手段观察和研究了激光重熔前后涂层的微观组织和硬度.结果表明,激光重熔后,消除了等离子喷涂涂层的层状结构,获得了致密的重熔涂层,且纳米结构重熔涂层传承了喷涂态涂层的双模态组织特征.随着扫描速度的降低,涂层表面的致密度提高.纳米结构重熔涂层的硬度为1150 HV0.3至1750 HV 0.3,比重熔之前的喷涂态涂层约提高了60％.     

钛合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层研究

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在钛合金(TC4)表面制备了Al2O3+13%TiO2质量分数陶瓷涂层,研究了激光重熔对陶瓷涂层的微观结构、显微硬度及结合强度的影响.结果表明经激光重熔以后,基本消除了由于等离子喷涂形成的层状堆积结构,涂层表面形成了均匀细密的棒状组织,大幅减少了孔隙率.经过实验检测.激光重熔后的涂层结合力比喷涂涂层的提高近2倍.     

激光重熔Al2O3-TiO2涂层的强韧性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备了Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度试验和压痕试验等方法研究了激光重熔对涂层的组织及强韧性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层中的主相为γ-Al₂O₃,而相应重熔涂层中的主相为α-Al₂O₃.激光重熔可消除喷涂态涂层内部的孔隙、微裂纹和层状堆垛等微观缺陷,获得致密化的组织,并使涂层与基体形成良好冶金结合.重熔涂层的硬度比相应喷涂态涂层约提高了50%,裂纹扩展抗力相比喷涂态涂层提高了近两倍.激光重熔纳米涂层中的未熔增强颗粒和纳米结构特性等对涂层起到了协同强化和韧化作用.     

激光重熔改性WC/Fe等离子喷涂涂层组织及其耐磨性能

目的改善等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层的组织,增强其耐磨性能,并研究激光重熔涂层在不同温度下的耐磨性能。方法采用激光重熔技术处理等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层,利用附带能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计测试和表征了等离子喷涂涂层在激光重熔前后的组织特征、物相组成及显微硬度,利用摩擦磨损试验机对激光重熔涂层在25、200、400℃下的耐磨性能进行了对比考察。结果等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层呈层状结构,经过激光重熔处理后,其片层状结构和孔隙等缺陷基本消失,且激光熔覆区的顶部组织为等轴晶和细小枝晶,熔覆区的底部组织为胞状晶,涂层与基体结合带区的组织为粗大的树枝晶,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合。激光重熔涂层中的WC、W_2C、M_(23)C_6及Ni_6BSi_2等高硬度化合物的弥散强化作用,使得激光重熔涂层的显微硬度约为原等离子喷涂涂层的2倍。激光重熔涂层在25℃下的磨损亚表层最完好,在400℃时出现了微裂纹。结论重熔能消除等离子喷涂涂层的各种缺陷,得到组织致密的涂层。重熔涂层在不同温度下表现出不同的磨损机理,在25℃下表现出最好的耐磨性能。     

TiAl基合金表面激光重熔陶瓷涂层研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl基合金表面制备纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)涂层,然后用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理.用扫描电镜分析了涂层的剖面组织结构,并用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度及其耐磨性能.结果表明,等离子喷涂后的纳米陶瓷涂层组织较均匀、致密,但涂层仍存在孔隙率高等缺陷.激光重熔后涂层的组织结构进一步致密,显微硬度得到提高,耐摩擦性能也得到明显的改善.     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

激光重熔Al2O3-TiO2涂层的界面结合及划痕破坏失效行为

分别采用Metco 130粉末及纳米结构Al2O3-13％ TiO2可喷涂粉末通过等离子喷涂技术在Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金表面制备了喷涂态涂层,并利用CO2激光器对涂层进行了激光重熔.采用光学金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了激光重熔前后涂层的微观组织,并采用压痕法和划痕试验研究了涂层的结合状态和划痕破坏失效行为.在界面附近进行破坏性压痕试验表明,两种喷涂态涂层与基体的界面处都产生了裂纹,而激光重熔涂层与基体的界面可保持完好.划痕试验表明,重熔涂层的破坏程度明显低于喷涂态涂层,喷涂态涂层的划痕破坏形式表现为较严重的脆性断裂和剥层破坏,而重熔涂层主要为局部脆性断裂.     

材料结构与制备工艺对热障涂层显微组织的影响

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂+激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构热障涂层。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了粉末结构及制备工艺对涂层显微组织的影响。结果表明:用常规等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层为典型的层状堆积特征;而用等离子喷涂法制备的纳米结构涂层则由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区组成,呈两相结构。由于受到激光功率、能量密度、激光作用区温度场分布、陶瓷导热系数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,经激光重熔后,涂层呈现出明显的分层结构特征:上部为致密的柱状晶重熔区,下部为残余等离子喷涂区。由于激光重熔纳米结构涂层重熔区中残余纳米粒子的增韧作用,其晶界强度较高,从而导致断口有相当数量的穿晶断裂,而激光重熔常规涂层重熔区的断口基本是沿晶断裂。     

First-principles study of electronic structure and magnetic properties of orthorhombic CrGa2Sb2 and MnGa2Sb2

By the first-principles calculations, we present the results of electronic structure and magnetic properties on bulk CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ in an orthorhombic structure with the linear chains of transition-metal Cr and Mn atoms, using four different exchange correlation potentials: the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), GGA + U, and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson functional (mBJ). The electronic structure calculations from four exchange correlation potentials show that CrGa₂Sb₂ is a pseudogap (negative gap) material with very small density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, while MnGa₂Sb₂ has notably higher DOS at the Fermi level compared to CrGa₂Sb₂, exhibiting stronger metallic conductivity, although the mBJ potential obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level than LDA and GGA for both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂. The GGA + U method with a small value (1 eV) of the on-site Coulomb interaction parameter U obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level compared to the large value of U. In agreement with the measurement data, the total energy calculations reveal that both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ have a stable ferromagnetic ground state with lower energies relative to antiferromagnetic state. Based on the Heisenberg model, the magnetic exchange constants between the nearest-neighbor Cr–Cr and Mn–Mn along transition-metal linear chains are calculated to be 48.6 meV and 27.5 meV for CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂, respectively. By the mean-field approximation method, we calculated the Curie temperature of two compounds to be above room-temperature.     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

Viscosities of Fe_nO-MgO-SiO_2 and Fe_nO-MgO-CaO-SiO_2 slags

1　INTRODUCTIONTheviscosityofliquidslagsisanimportantphysicalproperty .Innickelflashsmeltingprocesses ,slagscontainmainlyironoxidesandsilicainadditiontoMgO ,CaO ,Cr2 O3andAl2 O3aswellasvaluemet alsandotherimpurities .Manyinvestigationsontheviscosityofironsilicatemeltwerealreadyreport ed[14 ] .Butonlyfewstudiesarereportedontheslagsinthecompositionrangeoccurringinnickelmattesmelting.Thismaymainlybeattributedtoexperi mentaldifficultiesinviscositymeasurementsforthehighmeltingtemperatureofi…     

La_2O_3,CeO_2掺杂Sm_2Zr_2O_7陶瓷制备及热物理性能

以Sm_2O_3, La_2O_3, ZrO_2和CeO_2为原料,采用固相反应法制备了(Sm_0.5La_0.5)_2(Zr_0.6Ce_0.4)_2O_7陶瓷.用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)研究了样品的相成分和微观组织,用激光脉冲法和推杆法测量了样品的热导率和热膨胀系数.结果表明,所制备的样品具有萤石晶体结构,且组织致密晶界清晰,并具有较低的热导率和满足热障涂层要求的热膨胀系数.     

Magnetic and related properties of Ce5CoGe2, CeCoGe and CeCo2Ge2

Magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of polycrystalline Ce₅CoGe₂, CeCoGe and CeCo₂Ge₂ were studied at temperatures down to 2 K and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. The novel phase Ce₅CoGe₂ was found to be a ferromagnet with the Curie temperature of about 11 K, which exhibits in the paramagnetic region some features of a dense Kondo system with strong crystal field effect. The re-investigated CeCoGe was found to order antiferromagnetically below 4.6 K, while CeCo₂Ge₂ is an intermediate-valence system, in agreement with previous reports. The thermoelectric power of the latter compound is large (up to 40 μV/K) and positive in the whole temperature range studied, while in the magnetically ordered systems Ce₅CoGe₂ and CeCoGe it is mostly negative and distinctly smaller (down to −1.5 and −11 μV/K, respectively).     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

纳米复合W-6%ThO_2和W-2%ThO_2阴极材料的性能对比

通过真空热压烧结制备了W-6%ThO2和W-2%ThO2纳米复合阴极材料,分析表明两者的显微组织类似,纳米ThO2较均匀分布在W基体上;前者的起弧电场强度低于后者,逸出功也相应降低;两者的机械性能相差不大。     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.