Super304H钢表面铝扩散涂层的组织结构和抗蒸汽氧化性能

目的以Super304H钢为基体制备铝扩散涂层,提高其抗蒸汽氧化性能。方法通过料浆渗铝的方法在Super304H表面制备铝扩散涂层,采用不连续称重法对渗铝Super304H在650℃纯水蒸气中的氧化动力学进行研究,并使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对铝扩散涂层以及氧化膜的物相组成和微观组织结构进行表征和分析。结果渗铝过程中,料浆层中的Al向Super304H基体内扩散,而基体中的Fe向外扩散,形成接近化学平衡配比的FeAl外层和贫Al的FeAl中间层。Al不断通过FeAl层向奥氏体(γ)基体中扩散,使得基体中Al的浓度升高,当Al的浓度增加至临界值时,导致局部区域析出NiAl,后者的形核和长大进一步加剧其周围基体中Ni的贫化。随着γ基体中Ni元素含量的持续降低及Al含量持续升高,γ基体将变得不稳定,并逐步转变为铁素体(α-Fe),最终形成由α-Fe和弥散分布其中的NiAl相组成的互扩散层。在FeAl中Cr元素和水蒸气分子的共同作用下,铝扩散涂层在650℃纯水蒸气中形成连续致密且与基体结合紧密的α-Al_2O_3膜,显著地降低了Super304H的氧化速率。结论采用料浆渗铝法,可在Super304H钢表面制备出三层结构的铝扩散涂层,由外到内依次为FeAl外层、贫Al的FeAl中间层、由α-Fe和弥散分布其中的NiAl组成的互扩散层。这种结构的铝扩散涂层在650℃纯水蒸气中可形成α-Al_2O_3膜,降低Super304H的氧化速率,提高其抗蒸汽氧化性能。     

超音速火焰喷涂铝青铜涂层微动磨损行为

目的 改善铝合金的抗微动磨损性能.方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在ZL114A铝合金表面制备铝青铜涂层,在不同温度(25、200、300℃)下对有、无涂层的ZL114A铝合金样品进行微动磨损测试,通过对涂层性能和磨痕形貌进行表征分析,探索铝青铜涂层的抗磨损性能.结果 铝青铜涂层均匀致密,与铝合金基体结合良好,显微硬度为279HV0.3,结合强度为74 MPa.不同温度(25、200、300℃)下,涂覆铝青铜涂层样品的平均微动摩擦系数分别为0.898、0.886、0.744,磨损率分别为10.249×10–7、0.035×10–7、0.207×10–7 m3/(N·m),相比基体的平均微动摩擦系数和磨损率,3种温度下分别下降了34.5％、42.9％和58.9％.对磨痕的形貌和三维轮廓的分析表明,在25、200、300℃下,铝青铜涂层的磨损机制不相同,25℃下为磨粒磨损和剥层,200℃下为磨粒磨损、剥层、氧化磨损和粘着磨损,300℃下为塑性变形、氧化磨损和粘着磨损.结论 制备的铝青铜涂层改善了基体的抗微动磨损性能.     

Al涂层对γ-TiAl合金高温抗氧化能力的影响

研究了多弧离子镀铝对γ-TiAl合金850℃、950℃恒温氧化性能的影响,同时分析讨论了镀铝层的氧化机制.结果表明:多弧离子镀铝后,形成的纯铝涂层均匀致密,无裂纹、孔洞,与基体结合良好.静态空气中,850℃氧化100 h后,形成了连续致密的Al2O3膜层及扩散层TiAl3相;950℃氧化100 h后,表面氧化膜由Al2O3及少量的TiO2组成,膜层中TiAl2为主要成膜相.多弧离子镀铝有效地提高了γ-TiAl合金高温抗氧化性能.     

冷喷涂Zn-50Al复合涂层在海水中的耐蚀性能

利用电化学方法和微观测试手段,研究了冷喷涂Zn-50Al涂层在天然海水环境中的耐蚀性能。研究表明,与纯锌、纯铝涂层相比,对于钢基体,锌铝复合涂层具有更加合适的阴极保护电位,可以大大提高防护寿命;海水环境中涂层表面会形成一层致密稳定的腐蚀产物膜,能有效阻止腐蚀介质向涂层内部的渗透,涂层会保持在一个较低的腐蚀速度。     

PS-PVD制备粘结层及其对热障涂层性能的影响

目的探究真空热处理对PS-PVD制备的粘结层的影响,并研究PS-PVD制备粘结层对热障涂层性能的影响。方法采用PS-PVD技术在高温合金基体上制备不同材料体系的粘结层和陶瓷层,采用真空热处理和高温氧化试验,对粘结层与基体界面间的元素扩散过程以及不同材料粘结层对热障涂层抗氧化性能的影响进行研究,并通过X射线衍射和EDS能谱对涂层的物相及元素分布进行分析。结果通过PS-PVD制备的不同粘结层体系的热障涂层试样,在近粘结层处的陶瓷层物相组成并无明显区别。粘结层与基体的元素扩散情况受真空热处理时间和温度的影响,随着真空热处理时间的延长,基体一侧的富铝相逐渐增多。当热处理8 h后,形成的扩散区的宽度已超过20μm;随着热处理温度的提高,同样也形成了更宽的扩散区。NiCoCrAlYTa/7YSZ热障涂层氧化100h后,TGO层的厚度达到4.0μm,氧化150h时,涂层发生脱离。NiCrAlY/7YSZ热障涂层氧化150 h后,TGO层的厚度达到4.4μm,但未出现脱离现象。结论热处理的时间越长,温度越高,粘结层与基体的元素扩散行为越剧烈。不同的粘结层材料会影响热障涂层的氧化动力学过程。     

双相Fe-15Cu-5Al-0.3Y铸态合金及其溅射涂层的高温氧化行为(英文)

研究了Fe-15Cu-5Al-0.3Y铸态合金及其溅射涂层在800℃,0.1MPa氧气中的氧化行为。铸态合金表面形成的氧化膜分为3层:最外层是一层很薄的CuO层;第二层主要由铁的氧化物组成,而且其中含有一些铜的氧化物和少量的铝的氧化物;而与合金接触的第三层是一层非常薄的Al2O3层,不能给予合金充分的保护。溅射涂层表面形成的氧化膜分为两层:外层由铁的氧化物组成;内层比较复杂,形成了暗黑色的铁和铝的氧化物,同时析出了垂直于合金表面的未氧化的亮色富铜狭条;溅射涂层中发生了一定程度的铁和铝的内氧化;而且在涂层基体下还存在一个铝的内氧化区。合金晶粒尺寸的降低能够有效促进铁的选择性外氧化。     

超音速等离子制备多元铝青铜合金涂层的组织

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术将新型多元铝青铜合金粉体喷涂在45号钢基体表面。运用XRD、SEM、EDS、EPMA等手段分析了涂层的组织特点及元素分布情况。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂层主要由Cu9Al4、AlFe3、AlFe等相组成;涂层元素分布均匀;超音速等离子喷涂层硬度高于传统等离子喷焊层;涂层的结合强度为59.3MPa。可见,经过工艺参数的优化,超音速等离子喷涂可以制备出类似于多元铝青铜合金的易氧化涂层。     

钛合金用Ti0.75Al0.25N防护涂层的制备与抗氧化性能

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在TC11钛合金基片上制备Ti0.75 Al0.25 N防护涂层,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、俄歇能谱分析仪(AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了涂层在空气中650～800℃范围内的热防护性能.结果表明,在给定的温度范围内,涂层可有效降低合金的氧化增重;XPS分析表明,表层富Al氧化物以α-Al2O3的形式存在;AES深度分析表明,元素的扩散出现台阶状分布,外层富Al、O,内层富Ti、N,高温氧化时,Al的选择性氧化形成致密的Al2O3层可以阻止基体与外界氧介质的通道,这是涂层防护钛合金具有良好高温性能的原因.     

简单/改性铝化物涂层的研究现状

航空发动机各部件高温结构材料在苛刻环境下服役时,会遭受严重的高温氧化和热腐蚀.在合金表面施加铝化物涂层后,高温下表面能够生成一层致密且生长缓慢的Al2O3氧化膜,从而隔绝腐蚀介质,以防止合金被快速氧化腐蚀.概述了铝化物涂层的优点,包括制备简单、成本低廉.重点综述了以Ni、Fe、Ti/TiAl为合金基体的铝化物涂层微观结构.涂层的微观结构主要由渗铝工艺、基材成分及后处理工艺等因素决定,渗铝工艺包括渗剂成分、渗铝温度和渗铝时间.在高温下渗铝,Al的活度较低,涂层主要以基体元素向外扩散形成外扩散型涂层为主;在低温下渗铝,Al的活度较高,涂层主要以Al向内扩散形成内扩散型涂层为主.还归纳了不同渗铝涂层在干燥空气和水蒸气环境中的高温氧化行为,阐述了水蒸气对铝化物涂层高温氧化行为的影响,比较了Ni-Al系和Fe-Al系涂层的抗高温氧化性能.同时介绍了Cr-Al、Si-Al和Pt-Al 3种改性铝化物涂层的研究进展,包括制备方法、微观结构及抗高温氧化和腐蚀性能.最后,展望并总结了高温防护涂层的发展趋势.     

球铁浸镀微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备与组织分析

通过热浸镀铝及微弧氧化的方法在球墨铸铁表面上获得了陶瓷层,并对该涂层进行了XRD、SEM分析.研究结果表明:浸镀温度越高,镀层越厚,直到达到一峰值;浸镀时间越长,镀层越厚.球墨铸铁浸镀微弧氧化获得的涂层由涂层表面至基体依次为陶瓷层、纯铝层、扩散层、基体.陶瓷层主要为Al2O3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.