风力发电机齿轮传动系统的动态特性分析

以某1.5MW风力发电机齿轮传动系统为研究对象,基于机械动态仿真技术,对传动系统的动态特性进行研究。以Pro/E和S4WT为工具,建立其齿轮-传动轴-轴承-箱体的系统耦合分析模型。给出了约束、驱动和负载的添加方法,综合考虑轮齿时变啮合刚度、啮合误差、轮齿啮合冲击等内部激励,以及风力机气动转矩和负载转矩等外部激励的条件下,得到了系统的振动响应和动态啮合力,并和理论值进行对比验证。研究结果为风力发电机齿轮传动系统的动态优化设计和可靠性分析提供了理论依据。     

大功率循环泵行星齿轮箱耦合动态特性分析

综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度及轮齿误差等内部激励作用下,建立了某大功率循环泵行星齿轮箱齿轮-传动轴-轴承-箱体系统耦合动力学模型。对齿轮箱系统有限元模型进行耦合模态分析,采用模态叠加法对齿轮箱的动态响应进行求解,得出齿轮箱各点振动位移和速度时频域响应历程,为大功率循环泵行星齿轮箱系统的动态性能优化提供了理论依据。     

弧齿锥齿轮箱动态特性分析及辐射噪声预估

以升船机同步系统用弧齿锥齿轮箱为研究对象,综合考虑锥齿轮副刚度激励、误差激励和啮合冲击激励等内部动态激励,建立了包含弧齿锥齿轮副、传动轴、轴承和箱体等的齿轮系统动力有限元模型,采用ANSYS对齿轮系统进行动态响应分析,得到齿轮箱的振动位移、振动速度及振动加速度;以箱体表面节点振动位移为边界激励条件,在SYSNOISE中建立箱体声学边界元模型,采用直接边界元法进行辐射噪声预估,得出箱体表面的声压云图及场点的辐射噪声。结果表明:齿轮箱动态响应及辐射噪声的峰值频率均出现在啮合频率及其倍频处。     

人字齿轮系统振动传递分析优化与试验验证

为了有效分析人字齿轮传动系统振动传递特性、合理预估箱体结构振动噪声,建立考虑箱体内润滑油流固耦合的齿轮箱有限元模型,将文献[5]计算分配到各支撑轴承的时变动态载荷施加到箱体各轴承孔中心耦合参考点,由ANSYS软件的瞬态动力学分析模块对齿轮箱进行动态响应分析,对得到的齿轮箱考察结点结构振动加速度进行预估。选取改进的自适应遗传算法对人字齿轮小轮齿面进行多动力学目标的齿面三维优化设计,优化结果表明在给定优化载荷工况下,轮齿端面啮合线方向相对振动加速度及齿轮箱体机脚参考点结构振动加速度均得到明显下降。搭建人字齿轮传动系统封闭功率流试验台,利用海德汉圆光栅编码器高精度特性对人字齿轮端面啮合线向相对振动进行测量,加速度计测量箱体轴承座、箱体机脚位置振动加速度,以此验证人字齿轮动力系统振动传递理论及齿面三维修形减振效果。     

船用齿轮箱动响应的有限元分析与计算

采用MASTA软件与ANSYS软件相结合的方法,对箱体进行子结构分析,利用凝聚节点实现了传动系统和箱体的耦合连接,建立了大功率船用齿轮箱系统的动力学分析耦合模型。在对齿轮啮合刚度激励、传递误差激励和啮合冲击激励分析计算的基础上,对齿轮传动系统相啮合齿轮的动态啮合力进行了分析计算。并将该动态啮合力进行转换得到轴承处的动态力,施加在相应的凝聚节点上,对齿轮箱体的动响应进行了分析。     

变载工况下CST齿轮传动系统的动态特性

为分析可控启动装置(CST)齿轮传动系统在变载工况下的动态响应特性,以重型刮板输送机变载工况为例,建立了齿轮传动系统虚拟样机模型,开展其动力学仿真分析,得到齿轮动态啮合力、行星轮振动响应和轴承动态载荷。结果表明,齿轮啮合力的动态变化与实际齿轮传动的轮齿啮合力变化情况一致;行星轮的动态响应表现了齿轮系统的扭转振动情况;轴承支反力受齿轮啮合力的影响,二者动态变化相同。通过对CST齿轮箱进行变载工况试验,所得齿轮啮合频率与仿真结果相近,验证了模型的正确性,仿真结果可为CST齿轮传动系统的动态性能优化设计提供理论依据。     

高速列车驱动齿轮内部动态激扰影响分析

为了分析齿轮内部动态激扰对高速列车结构振动的影响,首先采用有限元方法得到啮合齿对的时变啮合刚度曲线,根据齿轮精度确定齿面误差曲线,求出齿轮包括刚度激励和误差激励的内部动态激励。将求出的内部动态激励导入到车辆系统动力学,建立考虑齿轮内部动态激励的高速列车动车非线性动力学模型。仿真结果表明,齿轮内部动态激扰对车体和构架的振动基本没有影响,对电机和齿轮箱的振动有一定的影响,尤其体现在垂向和点头方向,当构架考虑成弹性体时,这一现象更为明显。     

滚动轴承支撑人字齿轮传动系统动力传递过程分析研究

为能更有效地分析滚动轴承支撑人字齿轮传动系统的振动传递特性,提出基于轮齿承载接触分析、同时考虑齿轮轴扭转变形及安装误差的人字齿轮左右轮齿啮合刚度计算方法,建立综合考虑时变啮合刚度、啮入冲击激励的人字齿轮啮合型弯-扭-轴耦合振动模型。在提出的考虑轴承内部载荷分布的滚动轴承支撑系统载荷分配计算方法以及包含承载滚子、内外圈的滚动轴承动力学模型基础上,较完整地分析人字齿轮传动系统的齿对啮合振动经由齿轮轴分配到支撑滚动轴承,最后再由轴承内圈传递到外圈的传递过程。以某滚动轴承支撑人字齿轮传动系统为实例进行的仿真计算结果表明:该振动传递计算方法较科学合理地计算出人字齿轮系统的动载荷传递过程,更精确地得到箱体轴承孔内壁的振动载荷,为下一步有效地分析人字齿轮箱体振动特性提供了保障。同时滚动轴承在传递载荷的过程中起到类似浮筏隔振系统的隔振降噪作用。     

变载荷激励下风电行星齿轮系统动力学特性

为了更准确地分析风电行星齿轮系统的动力学特性,在同时考虑风速变化和发电机电磁转矩变化引起的外部载荷激励,齿轮时变啮合刚度、轴承时变刚度以及行星齿轮啮合相位差等引起的内部激励的条件下,建立了风电行星齿轮系统的动力学模型。在此基础上,采用Runge-Kutta数值积分方法求解了某兆瓦级半直驱风电行星齿轮系统的动态响应,分析了上述激励对系统动态特性的影响规律。结果表明：外部变载荷的激励使系统的响应频率具有明显的低频成分,各构件的扭转振动位移与外部合力矩有相似的变化趋势;行星轮啮合相位差的激励使系统的结构频率成分增多且频率减小,增加了系统共振的可能性;轴承时变刚度使系统的高阶响应频率产生较大波动,增加了系统动态响应的复杂性。
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轴承刚度与齿轮螺旋角对减速器振动噪声影响的研究

以单级圆柱齿轮减速器为研究对象,综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度及误差激励的影响建立了传动系统动力学模型。以轴承动载荷为激励,采用FEM/BEM方法对减速器振动与声辐射特性进行了分析,得到了齿轮箱节点动响应时域历程及声场场点噪声谱,论述了激励中各谐波成分对齿轮箱振动噪声辐射的影响。计算了不同轴承刚度的动载荷与齿轮箱声辐射特性,得到了轴承动载荷各频率成分及声辐射随轴承刚度的变化规律。对比分析了直齿轮与斜齿轮及不同螺旋角下,齿轮时变啮合刚度波动与减速器各场点位置的噪声分布情况,为减速器的减振降噪提供了理论基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.