经酶法改性的大豆分离蛋白作为壁材微胶囊化海豹油的研究

传统方法以天然大豆分离蛋白(SPI)作为壁材的微胶囊对芯材的包埋性不够理想,微胶囊表面有很多凹陷。本文采用经酶法改性的SPI作为壁材的主要原料对海豹油进行微胶囊化,通过单因素和正交试验研究了最佳壁材组合为:总固形物浓度25%、芯材/壁材30%、明胶/麦芽糊精(MD)1+3、乳化剂用量1.25%,在最优组合下所得微胶囊化产率为94.5%,效率为94.9%。所得产品形状有规则,表面无裂纹及凹陷,贮藏试验表明微胶囊的贮存稳定性大为改善。     

正交试验优化番茄红素微胶囊化工艺

以水溶性大豆多糖为壁材,对喷雾干燥法番茄红素的微胶囊化工艺条件进行优化。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察壁材质量浓度、芯材壁材比、乳化剂含量、喷雾干燥进风口温度、出风口温度对番茄红素微胶囊效率的影响作用,同时用扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)对产品进行了形态观察。结果表明：最优工艺为壁材质量浓度0.28g/mL、芯材壁材比1:7、乳化剂质量分数2%、喷雾干燥进风口温度160℃、出风口温度88℃,所得微胶囊效率为91.8%,此番茄红素微胶囊产品膜结构致密完整。水溶性大豆多糖为壁材喷雾干燥法对番茄红素红素进行微胶囊包埋具有可行性。     

酶改性大豆分离蛋白作为壁材微胶囊化海豹油研究

传统以天然大豆分离蛋白(SPI)作为壁材微胶囊对芯材包埋性不够理想,微胶囊表面有很多凹陷。该研究采用经酶法改性SPI作为壁材主要原料对海豹油进行微胶囊化,通过单因素和正交实验研究最佳壁材组合为:总固形物浓度25％、芯材／壁材30％、明胶／麦芽糊精(MD)1+3、乳化剂用量1．25％,在最优组合下所得微胶囊化产率为94．5％,效率为94．9％;所得产品形状有规则,表面无裂纹及凹陷,贮藏实验表明,微胶囊贮存稳定性大为改善。     

普鲁兰在喷雾干燥法制备姜油树脂微胶囊中的作用研究

研究了普鲁兰多糖在制备以大豆蛋白和麦芽糊精为壁材的姜油树脂微胶囊过程中对乳化液的稳定作用及其对微胶囊产品的影响,考察了使用不同比例的大豆蛋白和麦芽糊精作为壁材的微胶囊产品的各项指标以及不同工艺条件对最终微胶囊产品的影响。研究结果表明,普鲁兰多糖添加量在1%(w/v)时具有稳定姜油树脂乳化液的作用,同时可以获得最大的包埋率;大豆蛋白与麦芽糊精最佳的添加比例为1∶2,固形物含量为20%(w/v),均质压力为30MPa(两次),进风温度140℃,出风温度80℃。     

复凝聚法青鱼内脏鱼油微胶囊的制备及其性能研究

为提高鱼油稳定性,以青鱼内脏鱼油为芯材,大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和壳聚糖(CS)为壁材,制备鱼油微胶囊。采用单因素实验考察了均质速度、pH、壁材总质量分数、SPI/CS比值、芯壁比等因素对鱼油微胶囊制备效果的影响,结合响应面法优化鱼油微胶囊制备工艺,并比较研究了鱼油微胶囊湿囊分别经喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥两种干燥方法所得产品的包埋率、水分含量、贮藏稳定性。结果表明,最佳鱼油微胶囊制备工艺条件为:pH7、壁材总质量分数2%、SPI/CS比值1.3∶1、芯壁比1.3∶1,在此条件下鱼油包埋率为71.98%±0.16%。喷雾干燥法表面含油率为0.73%±0.04%,低于冷冻干燥法3.62%±0.09%,包埋率为71.98%±0.16%,高于冷冻干燥法56.76%±0.37%,说明喷雾干燥法效果优于冷冻干燥法,鱼油微胶囊贮藏期可较未包埋的鱼油延长6 d以上。通过微胶囊化,改善了青鱼内脏鱼油的性能,提高了使用范围和应用价值。     

EPA、DHA的微胶囊化:壁材的筛选

以产品的产率、效率和贮存稳定性 (包括产品的抗氧化性和心材的持留率 )为评定指标 ,选用多种蛋白质 ,如明胶 (GEL)、浓缩乳清蛋白 (WPC)、大豆分离蛋白 (SPI)、大豆水解蛋白 (SPH)和酪蛋白酸钠 (CAS)等 ,作为 EPA、DHA微胶囊化壁材 ,并进行了比较。结果表明 :SPI作为壁材制得的微胶囊产品具有较高的产率和效率 ,但其贮存稳定性很差 ;而 GEL、SPH(DH8)和 WPC 3种壁材制得的产品具有较好的贮存稳定性 ,其中又以 GEL为最佳。     

微胶囊化硫酸亚铁的研究

以黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、卡拉胶3种多糖为壁材,采用冷冻干燥法对硫酸亚铁进行包埋处理,制成硫酸亚铁微胶囊.探讨和确定测定微胶囊表面铁时清洗表面铁的条件,并研究制备微胶囊时壁材的浓度、芯材与壁材的比例对微胶囊包埋效果的影响.结果确定清洗微胶囊表面铁采用50%乙醇水溶液作为溶剂,处理时间为5 min.壁材浓度对3种微胶囊的包埋率几乎无明显影响,而随着壁材/芯材比例的增加,包埋率明显增加.其中,当以5%黄原胶作壁材,壁材/芯材为30∶1时,包埋率相对较高,可达97%.     

元宝枫油脂微胶囊加工技术参数的研究

以大豆分离蛋白、β-环糊精为壁材,元宝枫籽油为芯材,单硬脂酸甘油酯为乳化剂,通过喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊化元宝枫籽油粉末油脂。在温度170℃的条件下,考察了壁芯比、复配壁材比例、壁材浓度对微胶囊化元宝枫籽油粉末油脂包埋率的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为壁芯比为4∶1(g/g)、β-环糊精与大豆分离蛋白的壁材配比为3∶2(g/g),壁材浓度为7∶1(mL/g)。在该条件下元宝枫籽油粉末油脂包埋率为56.83%,包埋效果较好。     

三种壁材组合方式茶籽油微胶囊产品的研究

本研究以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、阿拉伯胶(AG)、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(HI-CAP100)、麦芽糊精(MD)为壁材,茶籽油为芯材,通过简单复配组合方式进行组合。利用喷雾干燥技术,制得微胶囊产品,以乳液稳定性、乳液流变特性、包埋率、水分含量、冲调性、粒径等感官特征为评价指标,结果表明：在麦芽糊精添加量为总壁材质量的25%时,SPI/AG质量比为1:1,乳状液稳定性指数最高为94.55%;乳液流变性特性呈现剪切变稀现象;微胶囊产品具有较高的包埋率为89.58%;冲调性较好;白色粉末;含水量为2.62%;颗粒形态完整、表面光滑、大小均匀;粒径分布比较集中。是制备茶籽油微胶囊产品较为理想的壁材方式。最终确定最佳茶籽油微胶囊壁材组合方式：麦芽糊精+大豆分离蛋白+阿拉伯胶。     

复凝聚法制备鱼油微胶囊工艺研究

以鱼油作为芯材,壳聚糖(Ch)和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)作为壁材,采用复凝聚法制备鱼油微胶囊。采用单因素实验考察均质速度、pH、芯壁比、壁材总质量分数、SPI溶液与Ch溶液体积比及固化时间对鱼油微胶囊包埋效果的影响,在此基础上,采用正交实验对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为均质速度8 000 r/min、pH 7. 0、壁材总质量分数2. 5%、SPI溶液与Ch溶液体积比7∶3、芯壁比1∶3、固化时间4 h;在最佳工艺条件下,鱼油微胶囊包埋率为90. 21%,包埋效率为99. 04%,表面油含量为4. 87%。通过不同温度下过氧化值变化和气味分析,表明微胶囊化能显著延缓鱼油氧化,同时有效地弱化鱼油的气味。     

大豆分离蛋白/可溶性大豆多糖作为生物活性物质 包埋载体的研究进展

目前大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）和可溶性大豆多糖（soluble soy polysaccharide,SSPS）均已实现工业化生产,其在食品领域中得到了广泛的应用。作为生物大分子物质,以SPI和SSPS为壁材来包埋疏水性小分子生物活性物质受到众多学者的关注。以姜黄素为代表的疏水性小分子物质经SPI或SSPS包埋后,其水溶性、热稳定性、pH稳定性、盐稳定性、生物利用率等均得到有效改善。与SSPS相比,SPI包埋的微胶囊具有更好的荷载量、水溶性和热稳定性,但酸性条件下SSPS包埋的微胶囊则较为稳定。此外,SPI与SSPS复合所形成的核-壳结构又能更进一步提高其微胶囊的水溶性、荷载率和溶液稳定性。这些研究为其商业化应用提供了实验理论依据。本文将从SPI和SSPS的功能特性、微胶囊制备及其对生物活性物质的影响等方面进行阐述,为两者作为小分子生物活性物质包埋载体的相关研究提供理论参考。     

微胶囊化生姜、枸杞、栀子提取物的ACE抑制率、苦味及稳定性研究

本文通过粉碎、超声获得生姜、枸杞、栀子的混合醇提物,以麦芽糊精、变性淀粉、两者混合分别与明胶作为复合包埋壁材,利用喷雾干燥制成微胶囊,测定其包埋率、ACE（angiotensin-convertion enzyme）抑制率、吸湿性、总酚含量（TPC）、苦味程度,并利用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）对微胶囊化颗粒的结构、热稳定性进行研究。结果表明,微胶囊的最佳壁材为麦芽糊精和变性淀粉质量比1:1混合,此时包埋率为75.24%（P<0.05）,红外光谱分析表明,提取物被壁材包埋成功并形成了淀粉/糊精-酚类-明胶聚合体。与未包埋及单一麦芽糊精、变性淀粉包埋相比,以麦芽糊精和变性淀粉质量比1:1混合作为壁材包埋后的微胶囊苦味显著（P<0.05）降低,吸湿性由未包埋时的52.83 g/(100 g)降为16.04 g/(100 g)。该微胶囊经胃肠消化后其中的酚类释放率为69.64%,ACE抑制率为49.64%（P<0.05）。由此可见,以麦芽糊精和变性淀粉质量比1:1混合作为壁材的微胶囊化药食同源提取物,能明显降低苦味并提高产品稳定性,在室温保存7 d后,ACE抑制率仍高达22.36%。     

Spray drying microencapsulation of natural canthaxantin using soluble soybean polysaccharide as a carrier

Microencapsulation of canthaxanthin produced by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 using soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) as a wall material by spray drying method was studied. The SSPS showed very good ability for microencapsulation of canthaxanthin due to its emulsifying properties. The effects of the ratios of core to wall on characteristics of microcapsules were investigated at ratios of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00. The best ratio of core to wall was 0.25 because the microcapsules prepared with this ratio had the smallest size in droplets (0.78 μm) and microcapsules (7.94 μm), also they had the highest microencapsulation efficiency (90.1%) and the lowest losing during process (10.3%). The stability of microcapsules was examined at 25°C in light and dark during 16 weeks of storage. The degradation of canthaxanthin was more retarded by microencapsulation and greater canthaxanthin stability was observed in dark than light condition. The results showed the oxidation was more suppressed for the microcapsules prepared from the emulsion having smaller droplets.     

响应面优化山桐子油微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺

摘 要：本研究以山桐子油为芯材,麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白为壁材,单硬脂酸甘油酯为乳化剂,使用喷雾干燥技术制得山桐子油微胶囊;通过单因素实验和响应面优化实验,研究山桐子油喷雾干燥制微胶囊最佳工艺条件。响应面优化试验表明：在壁材与芯材质量比为4.8：1,麦芽糊精与大豆分离蛋白的壁材复配质量比为 2.6：1,水与壁材体积质量比为6.8：1的条件下,山桐子油微胶囊包埋率可达到84.22 % 。在运用氧化稳定性指数法（OSI）氧化稳定性测试中,山桐子微胶囊在常温条件下,保持30d 后,油脂的 OSI 值与初始值无显著变化,验证了山桐子微胶囊的稳定性;通过激光共聚焦电子显微镜观察结果显示,微胶囊具有较规则球形微观结构,囊壁比较完整,具有良好的包埋结构。     

The use of spray drying technology to reduce bitter taste of casein hydrolysate

The utilization of protein hydrolysates in food systems is frequently hindered due to their bitterness and hygroscopicity. Spray drying technology could be an alternative for reducing these problems. The aim of this work was to reduce or to mask the casein hydrolysate bitter taste using spray drying and mixtures of gelatin and soy protein isolate (SPI) as carriers. Six formulations were studied: three with 20% of hydrolysate and 80% of mixture (gelatine/SPI at proportions of 50/50, 40/60 and 60/40%) and three with 30% of hydrolysate and 70% of mixture (gelatine/SPI at proportions of 50/50, 40/60 and 60/40%). The spray-dried formulations were evaluated by SEM, hygroscopicity, thermal behavior (DSC), dissolution, and bitter taste, by a trained sensory panel using a paired-comparison test (free samples vs. spray-dried samples); all samples were presented in powder form. SEM analysis showed mostly spherically shaped particles, with many concavities and some particles with pores. All formulations were oil and water compatible and showed lower hygroscopicity values than free casein hydrolysate. At Aw 0.83, the free hydrolysate showed Tg about 25 °C lower than the formulations, indicating that the formulations may be more stable at Aw ≥ 0.65 since the glass transition should be prevented. The sensory panel found the formulations, tasted in the powder form, to be less bitter (P < 0.05) than the free casein hydrolysate. These results indicated that spray drying of casein hydrolysate with mixtures of gelatin and SPI was successful to attenuate the bitterness of casein hydrolysate. Thus, spray drying widens the possibilities of application of casein hydrolysates.     

微胶囊化柿单宁的制备及性质分析

用辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和大豆分离蛋白作为复合壁材,采用喷雾干燥技术,对柿单宁进行微胶囊,从包埋率和经济条件考虑,壁材和芯材的比例为20:1(m/m)为最佳。微胶囊包埋率为94.3%,包埋产率为92.4%。正交实验所得制备微胶囊最佳条件为进风温度388 K、进料速率3.0×10~(-3) L/s、风机0.050 m~3/s,此条件下的实验集粉率为92.03%。通过微胶囊粒度分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析可知,复合壁材和柿单宁存在包埋作用,微胶囊表现出壁材的特性。理化性质分析表明:微胶囊化使单宁的水溶性增加了10倍;微胶囊单宁受到壁材的保护仍然表现出很大的抗氧化能力和清除DPPH自由基能力,且在水溶液体系中的稳定性大大提高;微胶囊在能很好地在胃液和肠道释放,且肠道释放效果比胃液好,在40 min可以释放80%左右。     

添加玉米低聚肽的紫苏籽油乳状液及其微胶囊的制备

为制备含玉米低聚肽的紫苏籽油微胶囊,选择阿拉伯胶、可溶性大豆多糖、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠（HI-CAP 100）、酪蛋白酸钠和大豆分离蛋白5 种乳化剂,并添加不同质量分数的玉米低聚肽制备紫苏籽油乳状液,筛选出制备紫苏籽油乳状液的最适乳化剂及最佳的玉米低聚肽添加比例;进而采用喷雾干燥法制备高载油量的玉米低聚肽紫苏籽油微胶囊,筛选和评价高载油量玉米低聚肽紫苏籽油微胶囊的壁材。结果显示：HI-CAP 100制备的紫苏籽油乳状液的液滴粒径主要分布在0.1～2 μm之间,并且玉米低聚肽添加量为5%时,乳状液的不稳定性指数为0.275,粒径为（0.76±0.02）μm;以HI-CAP 100为壁材经喷雾干燥制成的目标微胶囊（载油量≥50%）表面油含量为3%,表明HI-CAP 100对紫苏籽油的包埋效果较好,并且微胶囊粒径分布均匀,表面较光滑适合作为高载油量玉米低聚肽紫苏籽油微胶囊的壁材;通过加速贮藏实验证明玉米低聚肽与茶多酚棕榈酸酯复配,能提高紫苏籽油微胶囊的抗氧化性。     

Microencapsulation of sweet orange oil by complex coacervation with soybean protein isolate/gum Arabic

The coacervation between soybean protein isolate (SPI) and gum Arabic (GA) for sweet orange oil microencapsulation as functions of pH, ionic strength, SPI/GA ratio, core material load and micromolecules was investigated. SPI was exposed to ultrasonic to increase solubility before use and microcapsules were spray-dried before analysis. It was found that the optimum pH for SPI/GA coacervation was 4.0. High ionic strength reduced the coacervation between the two biopolymers. The highest coacervate yield was achieved in SPI/GA ratio 1:1 and the core material load for the highest microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) and microencapsulation yield (MEY) was 10%. The addition of sucrose in sucrose/SPI ratio 1:1 increased the MEY by 20%, reaching 78% compared to 65% of control. The microcapsules were spherical without holes on the surface by SEM observation and flavour components were well retained in microcapsules according to GC–MS analysis, indicating good protection for core material.     

Production and properties of casein hydrolysate microencapsulated by spray drying with soybean protein isolate

The aim of this work was to encapsulate casein hydrolysate by spray drying with soybean protein isolate (SPI) as wall material to attenuate the bitter taste of that product. Two treatments were prepared: both with 12 g/100 g solids and containing either two proportions of SPI: hydrolysate (70:30 and 80:20), called M1 and M2, respectively. The samples were evaluated for morphological characteristics (SEM), particle size, hygroscopicity, solubility, hydrophobicity, thermal behavior and bitter taste with a trained sensory panel using a paired-comparison test (non-encapsulated samples vs. encapsulated samples). Microcapsules had a continuous wall, many concavities, and no porosity. Treatments M1 and M2 presented average particle sizes of 11.32 and 9.18 μm, respectively. The wall material and/or the microencapsulation raised the hygroscopicity of the hydrolysate since the free hydrolysate had hygroscopicity of 53 g of water/100 g of solids and M1 and M2 had 106.99 and 102.19 g of water/100 g of solids, respectively. However, the hydrophobicity decreases, the absence of a peak in encapsulated hydrolysates, and the results of the panel sensory test considering the encapsulated samples less bitter (p < 0.05) than the non-encapsulated, showed that spray drying with SPI was an efficient method for microencapsulation and attenuation of the bitter taste of the casein hydrolysate.