BT5-1钛合金与C-103铌合金的真空电子束焊接工艺研究

基于BT5-1钛合金与C-103铌合金性能的分析和电子束焊接的特点，实现了BT5-1与C-103的电子束焊接。试验结果表明：选用合适的电子束焊接工艺规范连接的BT5-1与C-103的接头成形良好，没有产生裂纹等缺陷。占空比对焊接质量有重要影响。     

电子束焊-钎焊复合焊T形接头组织性能分析

实现了TA15钛合金T形接头的电子束焊-钎焊复合焊接.采用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪等测试手段,对接头的微观组织形貌、元素成分分布和界面反应产物等进行分析研究.并分别对复合焊接头和电子束焊接头的弯曲性能进行了比较分析.结果表明,在适当的工艺条件下,可以实现TA15钛合金T形接头的电子束-钎焊复合焊接.在电子束焊缝和钎焊缝的界面处存在Cu,Ni元素的扩散和界面反应.复合焊接头的塑性要优于电子束焊,其所承受的最大压强略低于电子束焊.     

铝合金电子束焊接技术

铝合金因其良好的性能在航空航天、交通工具、机械制造等领获得了广泛应用,其焊接性限制了铝合金的进一步应用和发展.电子束焊因其熔透性高、接头性能优良等优点成为铝合金焊接的重要方法之一.简述了电子束焊接的基本原理和特点,综述了铝合金电子来焊在工艺、接头组织性能、接头缺陷预测和有限元数值模拟技术等方面的研究工作,展望了铝合金电...     

电镀阻隔层对钛/钢电子束焊接接头性能的影响

采用电子束熔化焊、电子束阻隔焊和电子束阻隔熔-钎焊方法来实现钛合金与不锈钢异种金属之间的连接。研究发现钛合金与不锈钢连接界面处产生的脆性金属间化合物是影响接头性能的关键因素。采用电子束直接熔化焊和阻隔熔化焊钛合金和不锈钢时,接头界面会产生贯穿性裂纹导致焊缝直接断裂。电子束阻隔熔-钎焊中利用熔化的不锈钢润湿未熔化的钛合金母材,并采用Ag、Cu作为中间层添加元素,在结合界面处形成了很好的阻隔屏障,减少了Ti/Fe界面的金属间化合物的产生,减缓了应力,实现了钛合金与不锈钢的冶金结合,接头抗拉强度约为100 MPa。电子束阻隔熔-钎焊得到的钛合金/不锈钢异种金属焊接接头焊缝正反面成形良好,X射线探伤未发现裂纹和气孔缺陷。     

国产低锡Zr-4包壳管的电子束焊接

为了使燃料棒焊接接头具有良好的性能,进行了大量工艺试验,试验表明,适当降低焊接时的能量输入,并使聚集、散集合理搭配,从而减少电子束焊接环缝时合金元素的蒸发,这种真空电子束焊接工艺适合国产低锡Zr-4合金,用该工艺焊接了一万多支国产低锡Zr-4包壳核燃料棒。     

异种高温钛合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能

采用真空电子束焊机对高温钛合金Ti60板材和Ti700sr铸件进行焊接,并对接头显微组织和力学性能进行了研究. 结果表明,高温钛合金Ti60板材和Ti700sr铸件电子束焊接性良好,可以获得优质的接头. 获得的接头中焊缝为细小针状马氏体组织,Ti700sr侧熔合区马氏体内部存在层错和孪晶. Ti700sr侧热影响区相比于母材网篮状的α相长大. Ti60侧熔合区和热影响区均发现富Nd稀土弥散相析出. 焊缝区显微硬度与Ti60和Ti700sr母材相当,基本在360 HV左右.硬度最高点出现在Ti60侧热影响区,硬度最大值达到418 HV.接头室温抗拉强度达到1 100 MPa以上,断裂于Ti60热影响区. 接头600 和650 ℃高温抗拉测试均失效断裂在Ti60母材. 其中接头600 ℃高温拉伸性能均值为695 MPa,650 ℃高温拉伸性能均值为587 MPa.     

Dynamic process of angular distortion between aluminum and titanium alloys with TIG welding

The dynamic process of welding angular distortion in the overlaying welding of 5A12 aluminum alloy and BT20 titanium alloy was investigated. Information of dynamic distortion was got via self-made welding dynamic measuring system. Research results show that the characteristics of dynamic distortions at various positions of the plate edge parallel to the weld of 5A12 and BT20 alloy are different. Comparison between 5A12 and BT20 alloy shows that transverse shrinkage and downward longitudinal bending are main factors influencing the dynamic angular distortion processes of 5A12 and BT20 alloy under welding heat input of 0.32 kJ/mm. The angular distortion of 5A12 alloy is completely inversed with welding heat input increasing to 0.4 kJ/mm, and the position of weld center and buckling distortion become the primary factors.     

TC4钛合金焊接接头中压电子束局部热处理技术

电子束局部热处理技术是对整体热处理的一种有益补充,针对TC4钛合金进行中压电子束局部热处理研究。电子束局部热处理后TC4钛合金接头的组织形态与电子束焊态基本相同,但焊缝区的晶粒组织略有细化,焊缝区显微硬度也得到了改善,电子束局部热处理后焊接接头的拉伸力学性能均高于焊态。优化的电子束局部热处理工艺完全可以使TC4钛合金接头的组织力学性能超过焊态。     

添加铜填充层的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接过程中的温度与应力场(英文)

采用铜填充金属对Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢进行电子束焊接,对Ti/Fe和Ti/Cu/Fe接头在焊接过程中的温度场和应力场进行数值模拟和试验测量。结果表明,高斯旋转体热源适用于电子束焊接过程的模拟。温度场对于焊缝中心呈非对称分布,钛侧的温度高于不锈钢侧的。热应力同样呈非对称分布,残余拉应力主要存在于不锈钢侧。铜填充金属的加入,降低了焊接过程中的峰值温度、温度梯度以及残余应力,纵向和横向残余拉应力分别降低了66MPa和31MPa。从温度场和应力场的角度可以看出,铜合金是一种较好的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接的填充金属材料。     

BT20钛合金激光焊接残余应力场及热处理研究

采用小孔释放法和数值模拟从对比的角度研究了B他0钛合金激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力场的分布特点，并从理论上进行了分析。研究结果表明：在热影响区，激光焊接残余应力比TIG焊接残余应力小；但在焊缝及熔合线上，激光焊残余应力比TIG焊的大。这主要与激光焊接线能量小，塑性变形区窄有关。控制和消除激光焊接残余应力更具重要意义。经真空热处理后，激光焊接焊缝的针状马氏体转变为等轴细晶组织，焊接残余应力显著降低。     

5A02/0Cr18Ni9异种金属电子束焊接接头组织与性能

对5A02防锈铝与不锈钢0Cr18Ni9进行了电子束焊接,分析了接头成形、显微组织、力学性能与断口特征.结果表明,铝、钢的对中焊接头中生成了大量的脆性Fe-Al金属间化合物,未能实现有效连接.偏束焊接头成形总体较好,两母材实质为熔—钎连接,铝—钢界面上生成了一层厚度为1.5μm的化合物层,X射线衍射分析结果显示化合物层由FeAl,FeAl3与FeAl6等相混合组成.熔—钎焊接头最高抗拉强度达136MPa,为铝母材强度的62.7%,断口呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂的混合特征,接头的断裂发生在化合物层及其附近的铝焊缝区域.     

Fatigue Performance of Gas Tungsten Arc, Electron Beam, and Laser Beam Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints

Titanium alloys have been successfully applied for aerospace, ship, and chemical industries because they possess many good characteristics such as high strength to weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance, and excellent high temperature resistance. Though these alloys show reasonable weldability characteristics, the joint properties are greatly influenced by the welding processes. The evaluation and prediction of fatigue life are very important for the welded joints to avoid catastrophic failure particularly in titanium alloys. This article compares the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding, laser beam welding, and electron beam welding processes. The resultant fatigue properties of the welded joints are correlated with the tensile properties and microstructural characteristics. Of the three processes considered the joint welded by laser beam welding exhibits higher fatigue limit when compared with the other two processes due to the presence of fine lamellar microstructure in the weld metal region.     

Effect of welding parameters on Al/Ti joint property in electron beam welding-brazing

The electron beam welding-brazing being used to join 5A06 Al alloy to TC4 Ti alloy decreases the formation of brittle intermetallic compound. Experiments were carried out to study the influence of electron beam welding parameters on the tensile strength of welds, based on an orthogonal test and analysis method. The welding parameters include beam current, welding speed, scanning figure, scanning frequency, figure size, beam offset and focus current. The optimum parameters for 3 mm 5A06 Al alloy and 2 mm TC4 alloy were as follows: acceleration voltage was 60 kV, beam current was 11 mA, welding speed was 600 mm/min, focus current was 0 mA, scan figure was ○, scanning frequency was 1 000 Hz and beam offset was 0.5 mm. The results show that the joints were with good appearance and quality welded by the optimum parameters. The successful joints could be gained and the maximum tensile strength of Al/Ti dissimilar alloy joints could be up to 222.61 MPa using electron beam welding-brazing.     

铂基合金与GH3128合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能研究

采用电子束焊接技术对铂基合金与GH3128进行焊接。利用工业CT、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和材料万能试验机,研究了铂基合金与GH3128焊接接头显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌。结果表明:铂基合金与GH3128具有良好的焊接性能,焊接接头的质量良好,无缺陷,成分均一,焊缝区显微硬度在360~380之间,焊缝强度为499 MPa,断裂方式为韧性断裂,断裂位置位于铂基合金一侧。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数窗口的建立与接头性能

搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数对焊缝的表面成形和接头性能有着决定性的影响.以3mm铝合金2024板材对接焊为代表,通过大量的工艺参数试验,考查了多种焊接参数组合下的焊接接头质量,并在此基础上建立了工艺参数窗口.结果表明,在转速375～475r/min,焊接速度150～235mm/min的工艺参数窗口内,接头可以获得母材80%以上的抗拉强度.通过对拉伸断口的显微分析,发现靠搅拌区上方的材料塑性较好,搅拌区底部材料抗变形能力较差,接头区沿厚度方向分层严重.     

BT20钛合金CO2激光焊接工艺

通过对BT20钛合金CO2激光焊技术开展试验研究，对焊前清理、焊接过程中气体保护、离焦量、激光功率、焊接速度等工艺参数进行了优化选择，确定了合理的焊接工艺参数。     

Determination of welding speed in electron beam welding of thick components with continuous penetration

An improved method for calculating the minimum permissible electron beam welding (EBW) speed with continuous penetration is described. Calculations are carried out to construct nomograms for determining the welding speed in relation to the thickness of the welded joint and the width of the vapour-gas channel for 40Kh13 steel, 5V titanium alloy and D16 aluminium alloy. To confirm the efficiency of the proposed method, the results of experiments with EBW with continuous penetration at different welding speeds are presented.     

薄板TC4钛合金脉冲电子束焊接技术研究

脉冲电子束焊接是指将电子束流调制成脉冲方波的形式进行焊接的一种先进技术。脉冲束流能提高被焊金属蒸发率,从而提高焊接效率、增加焊缝深宽比。本文采用常规直流电子束和不同频率脉冲电子束对1.2 mm薄板TC4钛合金进行了焊接工艺试验,并对接头进行了微观组织与力学性能检测。结果表明：脉冲电子束焊接能够形成无熔合缺陷的焊缝,随着频率的增加,焊缝咬边和背面余高减小,表面成形得到改善;由于焊接热循环变化,脉冲束流可加快熔池冷却速度,细化组织晶粒;直流和脉冲电子束焊接接头拉伸时均断裂在母材区,拉伸强度不低于母材;高频脉冲电子束可提升焊接接头塑性和焊缝区、热影响区的显微硬度,频率为10 kHz时,焊接接头的断后伸长率可达14.9%,约为母材的80%,焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度分别为375 HV和368 HV。     

Study on arc-ultrasonic TIG welding of titanium alloy

TCA alloy was welded by conventional TIG welding and arc-ultrasonic TIG welding respectively. The microstructure of joint was analyzed by means of optical-microscope, scanning electron microscope in order to study the relationship between the macro-properties of joint and the microstructure. The results show that the joints were all welded successfully by conventional TIG welding and arc-ultrasonic TIG welding. With the increment of ultrasonic frequency and activated voltage, the width of joint became narrow step by step. The microstructure became more and more fine and was inclined to equiaxed crystal. Moreover, the dendrite depredation was not observed obviously. The properties of welded joint were improved markedly compared with that of conventional TIG welding.     

TI-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接有限元分析

采用有限元方法模拟分析了厚6 mm的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接过程,计算研究了瞬态温度场的分布特点、规律及特征点的温度变化历程,在准确计算焊接温度场的基础上通过热-应力顺序耦合,模拟计算了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接头的应力场的分布特征.结果表明:模拟计算的焊缝形貌与实际焊接试验所得基本吻合,焊接温度场整...