鲢鱼蛋白水解物的双酶法制备工艺优化

利用双酶法(Alcalase碱性蛋白酶与Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶)制备鲢鱼蛋白水解物,应用响应面分析法对酶水解工艺优化,最佳酶解条件为底物浓度为料水比1∶2,Alcalase碱性蛋白酶用量为0.4%,Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶用量为0.8%,水解温度60℃,水解pH值6.5,水解时间4h,此条件下水解度为65.2%。     

麦芽根蛋白的酶水解性质的研究

研究了两种蛋白酶对麦芽根蛋白的水解效果,选择出适宜的碱性蛋白酶Alcalase,并利用正交实验法,对碱性蛋白酶水解麦芽根蛋白的最佳条件进行了选择,结果为底物浓度2％,温度55℃,酶用量5000u/g底物,pH8.0,酶解时间5h。     

Alcalase碱性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白水解作用的研究

研究了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果,并研究了pH、温度、酶用量、底物质量分数、水解时间对该酶水解效果的影响。通过正交实验和极差分析可确定最佳工艺条件为:温度58℃,pH8.0,底物质量分数5.0%,酶用量10.0%(E:S),水解时间300min。     

饲用鱼蛋白肽生产工艺研究

以水解度作为指标,研究了碱性蛋白酶水解鱼粉废水中鱼蛋白制备饲用蛋白肽的工艺条件.考察了酶用量、酶解温度、pH值、酶解时间和底物质量分数等因素对蛋白质水解度的影响.通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化,确定了最适工艺条件为:底物质量分数16％,振荡速度130 r/min,碱性蛋白酶用量为鱼粉废水中蛋白质的1.0％,酶解温度为60℃,pH值为8.5,反应时间为4.5h.在此最佳条件下得到具有浓郁鱼腥香味,水解度为25.06％的饲用鱼蛋白肽产品.     

碱性蛋白酶水解制备赤豆蛋白肽的工艺研究

本文主要利用碱性蛋白酶水解赤豆蛋白制备赤豆蛋白肽,研究各因素对酶水解反应的影响,并通过正交试验对pH值、酶解时间、酶用量（E/S）、底物浓度等参数进行了优化。确定了适宜反应条件为：E/S为8%,pH值9.0,底物浓度为4%,酶解时间为4h,酶解温度为55℃,在此条件下测得水解度为45.82%。     

双酶水解虾粉的研究

为了提高虾加工下脚料的利用价值,用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶同步水解虾粉,分析了水解温度、水解时间、起始pH值、酶用量（E/S）和底物浓度等对水解度的影响,确定的最佳酶解条件为：底物浓度为9.0%、Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶的添加量均为1.0%、水解温度为55℃、起始pH值为6.5和酶水解时间为8h,水解度为22.1%。     

碱性蛋白酶酶解绿豆蛋白制备低聚肽工艺优化

采用碱性蛋白酶酶解绿豆蛋白,通过单因素试验方法优化酶解条件,经测定水解度考察了酶解过程中p H、温度、底物浓度[S]、酶用量[E/S]、酶解时间等因素对绿豆蛋白酶解效果的影响。通过L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,确定碱性蛋白酶酶水解的最适反应条件为:pH 8.5,温度65℃,底物浓度9%,酶用量5%,水解时间240 min。该条件下绿豆蛋白的水解度可达31.55%。     

酶解大豆粉蛋白条件优化研究

从底物浓度、pH值、酶解温度、加酶量、酶解促进剂和酶解时间等方面研究了碱性蛋白酶Alcalase和木瓜蛋白酶复合对全脂大豆粉酶解的影响,并运用单因素和正交试验设计优化酶解条件.结果表明,底物体积分数4.5%、pH值8.5、温度60℃、复合酶加酶量(碱性蛋白酶Alcalabe与木瓜蛋白酶活力之比为2∶1)2 640 U/...     

利用复合酶技术制备乳清蛋白胨的工艺研究

为了优化利用复合酶制备乳清蛋白胨的酶解条件,在确定碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶单酶水解适宜条件的基础上,以水解度为优化指标,采用正交试验对碱性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶复合水解乳清蛋白的工艺进行优化。试验结果表明:复合酶水解乳清蛋白的最佳条件是:底物8%、酶底比(E/S)1∶20、碱性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶比例(E1/E2)4∶6、起始pH9、水解温度55℃、水解时间4h。在此条件下水解度为64.5%,分别是单独用碱性蛋白酶或风味蛋白酶水解所得水解度的2.6倍和1.8倍。所得乳清蛋白胨各项理化指标均符合标准。冻干样品氨基酸组成丰富,含量较高。     

微生物蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白水解作用的研究

研究了五种蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果,筛选出效果最好的碱性蛋白酶Alcalase（液态）。并研究了pH值、温度、酶浓度、底物浓度、水解时间对该酶水解效果的影响。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为：温度55℃、pH值8．0、底物浓度2％、酶用量5％（E:S）、水解时间为4～6h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.