交流伺服系统摩擦力补偿和优化滑模仿真

低速稳定性是伺服系统的一个重要性能指标.低速下,摩擦力的扰动引起伺服控制系统的不稳定.首先建立了伺服系统的动力学模型.模型由线性部分和非线性部分组成,非线性部分主要由摩擦力等扰动组成,使用最小二乘支持向量机对摩擦力等非线性部分、不确定参数进行辨识.其次,建立了基于线性伺服控制系统和摩擦力模型的补偿控制系统,并提出使用改进的优化滑模控制算法,同时对采样时间周期提出了优化选择.仿真结果显示:使用支持向量机建立的摩擦力模型能够较准确地反映系统低速摩擦力情况,对系统的低速补偿效果良好.低速时,误差控制在0.5r/min;通过实验研究,使用了摩擦力补偿和优化滑模控制后伺服系统的低速性能得到了改善和提高,克服了低速爬行现象.     

小型无人直升机的姿态与高度自适应反步控制

针对小型无人直升机的姿态与高度控制问题, 本文提出了一种基于反步法的自适应控制策略. 具体而言, 首先对小型无人直升机的运动学模型进行了等效变换, 使系统中未知参数满足线性参数化条件, 然后应用反步法设计了包含主旋翼挥舞模型的姿态与高度自适应控制器, 并借助Lyapunov方法和芭芭拉定理对闭环系统的稳定性进行了严格的数学分析. 最后, 对该控制器的性能进行了仿真验证, 结果表明在直升机质量和惯性矩阵存在不确定性(未知)的情况下, 该控制算法依然能够取得良好的控制效果.     

一类未知非线性离散系统的直接自适应模糊预测控制

将自适应模糊逻辑系统引入预测控制,对一类未知非线性离散系统提出了直接自适应 模糊预测控制方法.首先对被控对象提出了线性时变子模型加非线性子模型的预测模型,然后直 接利用模糊逻辑系统设计预测控制器,并基于广义误差估计值对控制器参数和广义误差估计值中 的未知向量进行自适应调整.文中证明了此方法可使广义误差估计值收敛到原点的小邻域内.     

一类工业运行过程多模型自适应控制方法

针对一类动态未知的工业运行过程,提出一种基于神经网络补偿和多模型切换的自适应控制方法.为充分考虑底层跟踪误差对整个运行过程优化和控制的影响,将底层极点配置控制系统和上层运行层动态模型相结合,作为运行过程动态模型.针对参数未知的运行过程动态模型,设计由线性鲁棒自适应控制器、基于神经网络补偿的非线性自适应控制器以及切换机制组成的多模型自适应控制算法.采用带死区的递推最小二乘算法在线辨识控制器参数,克服了投影算法收敛速度慢、对参数初值灵敏的局限.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性.     

仿生假手抓握力控制策略

为了使仿生假手完成各种精细作业,提出一种抓握力控制策略.在自由空间和约束空间中分别使用基于位置的阻抗控制和力跟踪阻抗控制.在过渡过程中使用模糊观测器切换控制模式.两种控制模式采用同一个基于位置的阻抗控制器,在约束空间向阻抗控制器中引入参考力,以满足约束空间的抓握力控制要求.这种方法可以使关节在自由空间和约束空间中分别实现良好的轨迹跟踪和力矩跟踪,在过渡过程中实现控制模式的可靠切换和系统的稳定过渡.提出一种自适应滑模摩擦力补偿方法,利用终端滑模思想设计了滑模函数,使得系统跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛,避免了传统线性滑模面状态跟踪误差无法在有限时间内收敛至0的问题.根据指数形式摩擦力的特点,利用终端滑模控制思想获得包含摩擦力参数估计的滑模控制律,并基于李亚普诺夫稳定性定理推导了估计参数的在线自适应律.对该抓握力控制策略在HIT假手上进行了抓取实验,实验结果证明了控制策略的有效性.     

基于自适应滑模的不确定Euler-Lagrange多智能体系统抗扰动蜂拥控制

针对具有参数不确定性和未知外部扰动的Euler-Lagrange多智能体系统,设计一种基于自适应滑模控制的分布式蜂拥算法.该算法使用自适应滑模控制和自适应控制律分别补偿未知的外部扰动与模型中可线性参数化回归的不确定项,从而在实现蜂拥控制的同时,避免智能体对外部扰动先验知识的要求.理论分析表明,在多智能体达成蜂拥的同时,算法保证滑模的自适应增益有界.此外,所提出的算法同时考虑虚拟领导者追踪与基于目标区域的跟踪问题,并给出碰撞避免的条件.最后,通过算例仿真验证所提出算法的有效性.     

基于整体辨识策略的非线性自适应控制方法

针对一类离散时间下的未知动态非线性系统,为解决传统自适应控制方法在交替辨识非线性系统时由于辨识精度低而导致的控制性能差的问题,本文提出了一种基于整体辨识策略的未建模动态补偿的自适应控制方法.利用随机向量函数链接(RVFL)网络的直链与增强结构特性挖掘其与低阶线性模型和高阶未建模动态项的等价对应关系,并融入权值偏差惩罚项,设计了网络模型参数在线更新算法辨识非线性系统参数.根据在线辨识的线性模型参数和未建模动态估计量,采用一步超前最优控制策略设计线性控制器和未建模动态补偿器.数值仿真表明,所提方法优于交替辨识下的非线性自适应控制方法,并通过工业应用的仿真研究验证所提方法在工业上的可用性.最后,对本文控制方法在实际应用中的潜在问题及理论受限条件的放松进行分析和展望.     

模型参考自适应控制系统的两种简化方案

基于波波夫超稳定理论进行模型参数自适应控制系统设计,分别采用参考模型极点和零点做滤波器,设计了两种不用线性补偿器的简化模型参考自适应控制方案,避免了分解系统的繁琐工作,仿真验证本方案能实现渐进跟踪,且控制效果令人满意。     

一类非线性系统的自适应无源化控制

讨论了一类含未知参数的非线性系统的自适应无源化问题.通过引入切换拓宽可反馈无源化对象的范围,在控制项前面的系数是未知参数线性函数的条件下构造出自适应无源反馈规律.在该条件不满足时,基于无源性分析给出了鲁棒自适应控制器,可以保证闭环系统是全局渐近稳定的.仿真结果表明了所提出算法的有效性.     

基于虚拟模型的自适应解耦抗扰控制

针对一类多变量非线性耦合系统,提出了一种基于虚拟模型的非线性自适应控制器.首先将非线性系统线性化处理并将其作为虚拟模型,对该模型设计线性自适应控制律.然后将线性控制律分别应用在虚拟系统和受控的实际非线性系统上,根据两者的输出误差设计补偿控制律,以达到对实际被控对象进行自适应解耦抗扰的目的.利用李雅普诺夫稳定理论给出了控制系统稳定性条件.实验仿真验证了控制算法的有效性.     

基于区间二型模糊摩擦补偿的鲁棒自适应控制

针对不确定机械系统中普遍存在的摩擦力,由于其非线性和不确定性,传统基于摩擦模型的补偿控制方法难以达到满意的系统性能要求.本文提出基于自适应区间二型（Type-2）模糊逻辑系统对系统摩擦进行补偿建模,并在该摩擦补偿方法的基础上设计出鲁棒自适应控制器,保证系统输出精度,且对摩擦环境的变化具有较强自适应性.区间二型模糊逻辑系统相对于传统一型模糊逻辑系统具有较强的处理不确定性问题的能力,在本文中使用自适应区间二型模糊逻辑系统不断逼近摩擦力,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论求出自适应律并证明系统跟踪误差的有界性.在不同摩擦环境下的仿真结果验证了本文所提摩擦建模方法与控制策略的有效性与实用性.     

Fuzzy-enhanced Adaptive Control for Flexible Drive System with Friction Using Genetic Algorithms

When a mechatronic system is in slow speed motion, serious effect of nonlinear friction plays a key role in its control design. In this paper, a stable adaptive control for drive systems including transmission flexibility and friction, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, is first proposed. For ease of design, the friction is fictitiously assumed as an unknown disturbance in the derivation of the adaptive control law. Genetic algorithms are then suggested for learning the structure and parameters of the fuzzy-enhancing strategy for the adaptive control to improve system's transient performance and robustness with respect to uncertainty. The integrated fuzzy-enhanced adaptive control is well tested via computer simulations using the new complete dynamic friction model recently suggested by Canudas de Wit et al. for modeling the real friction phenomena. Much lower critical velocity of a flexible drive system that determines system's low-speed performance bound can be obtained using the proposed hybrid control strategy.     

Stable Adaptive Fuzzy Control with TSK Fuzzy Friction Estimation for Linear Drive Systems

This paper considers the control of a linear drive system with friction and disturbance compensation. A stable adaptive controller integrated with fuzzy model-based friction estimation and switching-based disturbance compensation is proposed via Lyapunov stability theory. A TSK fuzzy model with local linear friction models is suggested for real-time estimation of its consequent local parameters. The parameters update law is derived based on linear parameterization. In order to compensate for the effects resulting from estimation error and disturbance, a robust switching law is incorporated in the overall stable adaptive control system. Extensive computer simulation results show that the proposed stable adaptive fuzzy control system has very good performances, and is potential for precision positioning and trajectory tracking control of linear drive systems.     

An adaptive friction compensator for global tracking in robot manipulators

A novel adaptive friction compensator based on a dynamic model recently proposed in the literature is presented in this paper. The compensator ensures global position tracking when applied to an n degree of freedom robot manipulator perturbed by friction forces with only measurements of position and velocity, and all the system parameters (robot and friction model) unknown. Instrumental for the solution of the problem is the observation that friction compensation can be recasted as a disturbance rejection problem. The control signal is then designed in two steps, first a classical adaptive robot controller that (strictly) passifies the system, and then a relay-based outer-loop that rejects the disturbance.     

An adaptive friction compensator for global tracking in robot manipulators

A novel adaptive friction compensator based on a dynamic model recently proposed in the literature is presented in this paper. The compensator ensures global position tracking when applied to an n degree of freedom robot manipulator perturbed by friction forces with only measurements of position and velocity, and all the system parameters (robot and friction model) unknown. Instrumental for the solution of the problem is the observation that friction compensation can be recasted as a disturbance rejection problem. The control signal is then designed in two steps, first a classical adaptive robot controller that (strictly) passifies the system, and then a relay-based outer-loop that rejects the disturbance.     

Adaptive robust control of linear motors with dynamic friction compensation using modified LuGre model

LuGre model has been widely used in dynamic friction modeling and compensation. However, there are some practical difficulties when applying it to systems experiencing large range of motion speeds such as, the linear motor drive system studied in the article. This article first details the digital implementation problems of the LuGre model based dynamic friction compensation. A modified model is then presented to overcome those shortcomings. The proposed model is equivalent to LuGre model at low speed, and the static friction model at high speed, with a continuous transition between them. A discontinuous projection based adaptive robust controller (ARC) is then constructed, which explicitly incorporates the proposed modified dynamic friction model for a better friction compensation. Nonlinear observers are built to estimate the unmeasurable internal state of the dynamic friction model. On-line parameter adaptation is utilized to reduce the effect of various parametric uncertainties, while certain robust control laws are synthesized to effectively handle various modeling uncertainties for a guaranteed robust performance. The proposed controller is also implemented on a linear motor driven industrial gantry system, along with controllers with the traditional static friction compensation and LuGre model compensation. Extensive comparative experimental results have been obtained, revealing the instability when using the traditional LuGre model for dynamic friction compensation at high speed experiments and the improved tracking accuracy when using the proposed modified dynamic friction model. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in practical applications.     

Adaptive integral backstepping sliding mode control for opto-electronic tracking system based on modified LuGre friction model

In order to improve the control accuracy and stability of opto-electronic tracking system fixed on reef or airport under friction and external disturbance conditions, adaptive integral backstepping sliding mode control approach with friction compensation is developed to achieve accurate and stable tracking for fast moving target. The nonlinear observer and slide mode controller based on modified LuGre model with friction compensation can effectively reduce the influence of nonlinear friction and disturbance of this servo system. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by Lyapunov theory. The steady-state error of the system is eliminated by integral action. The adaptive integral backstepping sliding mode controller and its performance are validated by a nonlinear modified LuGre dynamic model of the opto-electronic tracking system in simulation and practical experiments. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively realise the accuracy and stability control of opto-electronic tracking system.     

基于状态估计的摩擦模糊建模与鲁棒自适应控制

针对一类多自由度机械系统, 研究了基于状态估计的摩擦模糊建模与鲁棒自适应控制问题. 提出用模糊状态估计器估计摩擦模型中的不可测变量, 并用严格正实和李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了状态估计误差的一致最终有界性. 运用模糊状态估计结果设计了多变量鲁棒自适应控制器, 其中摩擦模糊模型中的自适应参数是基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论设计的, 并证明了闭环系统跟踪误差的一致最终有界性. 本文对多自由度质量、弹簧和摩擦阻尼系统进行的仿真, 结果表明所提出的状态估计算法和自适应控制策略是有效的.     

Robust adaptive attitude control for flexible spacecraft in the presence of SGCMG friction nonlinearity

This paper investigates attitude maneuver control issues of a flexible spacecraft with pyramid‐type single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes (SGCMGs) as the actuator. The LuGre friction model is adopted to precisely describe the nonlinearity of the SGCMG gimbal friction. Aiming at restraining the adverse effects of the friction existed in SGCMG on the attitude control performance, a robust adaptive attitude controller is proposed, and projection‐based adaptive laws are presented to estimate the friction parametric uncertainties and the bound of friction nonlinearity. By treating the flexible mode coupling effect and external disturbances as lump disturbances, the inertia uncertainties and the bound of the lump disturbances are also estimated and compensated simultaneously to reduce their adverse effect on the system. With the Lyapunov technique, the states of flexible spacecraft control system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Adaptive Friction Compensation For Tracking Control Of Mechanisms

Because friction is a phenomenon that is present in the vast majority of mechanical systems producing some unwanted effects such as tracking errors, limit cycles, and stick‐slip motion, friction model based compensation has been previously proposed. We present a simple adaptive friction compensator, developed from a simple friction model, that achieves the control objective (friction compensation). This simple model was effectively used to obtain a friction compensator with smooth terms avoiding the use of signum and absolute functions presented in previously reported works on friction compensation. Considering that the velocity is bound away from zero and using Lyapunov stability analysis, exponential stability of the closed loop system is shown; i.e., the tracking errors and the parameter estimation error converge exponentially to zero. Because our friction compensator is based on a simple friction model, numerical experiments using a more representative friction model are given to support our theoretical findings.