新疆冬枣低温贮藏过程中品质的变化研究

研究不同成熟度的新疆冬枣在低温贮藏保鲜过程中品质的变化.结果表明:冬枣采用大枣保鲜剂处理,微孔膜保鲜袋包装,在(-2±0.5)℃下低温贮藏是提高冬枣贮藏品质的有效方法.     

OHAA涂膜保鲜冬枣

以冬枣为保鲜对象,以不同浓度(0.5%,1.0%,1.5%)的环氧乙烷高级脂肪醇(Oxyethyene higher aliphatic alcohol,OHAA)作为保鲜材料,在温度为0℃±2℃、相对湿度为85%~90%的条件下对冬枣进行贮藏。经过66 d的贮藏,试验结果表明:OHAA涂膜处理能改善果实的风味,色泽,提高果实的感官品质。以浓度为1.0%的OHAA涂膜处理效果较好,其果实腐烂率和失重率仅为8.98%和4.8%;果实贮运性能好,硬度为5.56 kg/cm2;果实营养成分损失较少,其果实VC、可溶性固形物分别为161.18 mg/100g、26%;果实内部生理环境状态良好。说明1.0%的OHAA涂膜保鲜处理可延缓冬枣果实衰老,明显延长其贮藏期。     

采后钙处理对新疆和田地区冬枣贮藏特性的影响

试验以新疆和田地区生产的冬枣为试材,用浓度1%,2%和3%的Ca Cl2溶液处理冬枣果实,在温度0℃~4℃、RH 90%~95%条件下贮藏,研究钙处理浓度对其贮藏特性的影响。结果表明,用Ca Cl2溶液处理冬枣,能较好地防止果实失重,保持果实硬度,降低冬枣腐烂率,延缓果实中维生素C的下降和总酸含量的升高,有利于保持冬枣贮藏品质,对贮藏保鲜有利,其中以1%Ca Cl2处理冬枣对保持冬枣贮藏品质效果更好。但各浓度的Ca Cl2溶液处理对冬枣果实呼吸强度、可溶性固形物含量的影响并不明显。     

ClO2对冬枣贮藏品质的影响

在冷藏(-1±0.5℃)条件下采用二氧化氯进行冬枣保鲜.主要研究了二氧化氯处理对冬枣好果率、果实硬度、可溶性果胶、PG酶活性、Vc及PPO酶活性影响.结果表明:经二氧化氯处理的冬枣在贮藏80d后,其好果率、果实硬度、Vc、PG酶活性均高于对照组;可溶性果胶、PPO酶活性均低于对照组.二氧化氯用于冬枣贮藏保鲜最佳剂量为80×10-6kg/kg.二氧化氯有利于冬枣保鲜,对提高贮藏冬枣的商品品质和营养价值有一定的积极作用,     

冬枣采后生理与气调贮藏关键技术研究

该文研究气调贮藏对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响,延长冬枣贮藏期。以陕西阎良冬枣为试验材料,采用气流法测定呼吸强度,研究冬枣的呼吸类型。在贮藏温度(0±0.5)℃、相对湿度90%~93%的条件下,分别采用0%CO 2+10%O 2+90%N 2、1%CO 2+10%O 2+89%N 2、2%CO 2+7%O 2+91%N 2、0%CO 2+21%O 2+79%N 2四种气体配比贮藏冬枣,每10 d用配制的气体换气1次。贮藏期间分别测定冬枣抗坏血酸、可滴定酸、还原糖含量和过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性,贮藏到120 d计算商品果率、失重率和硬果率,并进行感官鉴评,研究不同气体配比对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响。研究结果表明冬枣为呼吸跃变型果实,贮期抗坏血酸、可滴定酸含量均表现为不同程度的下降趋势,还原糖含量、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性表现为不同程度的上升趋势。0%CO 2+10%O 2+90%N 2气体配比效果最好,在该处理下可有效延缓抗坏血酸、可滴定酸含量的下降,保持还原糖含量的上升,能有效抑制过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,保持苯丙氨酸解氨酶较高活性,贮后感官鉴评得分最高。冬枣带果柄采收,经预冷后在温度(0±0.5)℃、相对湿度90%~93%、气体配比0%CO 2+10%O 2+90%N 2的条件下贮藏120 d,贮后商品果率96.7%,感官品质优良。     

1-MCP处理对无花果贮藏品质及采后生理的影响

以无花果果实为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methlcyclopropene)对果实贮藏品质及采后生理指标的影响.在室温(20±0.5)℃下采用浓度为0、1.0、1.5、2.0μL/L的1-MCP对无花果果实处理24h,处理后的果实在低温(0±0.5)℃条件下贮藏.研究结果表明:与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理延缓了果实硬度和VC含量的下降,抑制了果实的呼吸强度,减少了乙烯释放量,从而保持了果实的贮藏品质,延缓了无花果成熟与衰老进程,延长了贮藏时间,其中以1.5 μL/L处理的效果较好.     

钙和水杨酸处理对冬枣采后品质的影响

本研究分析了CaCl2处理和水杨酸处理后的冬枣在(0±1)℃贮藏期间品质的变化。结果表明:CaCl2处理对减少果实的腐烂、保持果实品质有益,而水杨酸处理则作用相反。     

一氧化氮熏蒸对冬枣采后贮藏品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同浓度NO熏蒸处理对冬枣采后贮藏品质的影响。以白熟期冬枣为试验材料,分别以0,50, 100, 150和200μL/L一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)气体熏蒸处理2 h后,在0±1℃条件下贮藏80 d。观察贮藏期果实阶段性的外观变化,同时分析测定其腐烂指数、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、呼吸强度和细胞膜渗透率的变化。结果表明:NO处理(浓度为50～200μL/L)能够不同程度地减轻白熟期冬枣果实表面出现腐烂斑点和软腐情况;降低果实的腐烂指数、失重率和细胞膜渗透率;抑制果实的呼吸强度;较好地保持果实的硬度和可溶性固形物的含量。在NO浓度为50～200μL/L范围内熏蒸对白熟期冬枣采后的贮藏品质有不同影响,其中以150μL/L处理2 h后在0±1℃条件下贮藏效果最好,贮藏期延长,腐烂指数降低,失重率降低,硬度保持较好,可溶性固形物含量维持较好,能抑制冬枣采后贮藏过程中的呼吸强度、抑制细胞膜渗透率的上升。     

热风微波耦合干燥结合H2O2熏蒸对不同贮藏条件下冬枣品质的影响

为探究热风微波耦合干燥结合过氧化氢（H2O2）熏蒸对不同贮藏条件下绿糖心冬枣品质的影响,以绿糖心冬枣为研究对象,果实干燥前采用5% H2O2 熏蒸10 min,利用热风微波耦合干燥设备对果实进行干燥,采用纳米聚乙烯微孔保鲜膜对其包装。分别在室温、保鲜库（0 ℃）和精准相温库（0 ℃）中贮藏300 d,每隔60 d 测定一次冬枣的各项生理指标,分析绿糖心冬枣在贮藏期间品质变化的规律。结果表明,热风微波耦合干燥结合H2O2 熏蒸处理的冬枣,保鲜库、精准相温库贮藏与室温贮藏相比,可较好抑制冬枣的瘪枣率和失重率,延缓冬枣的可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、可滴定酸和总酚含量的下降速率。与保鲜库及室温贮藏冬枣相比,精准相温库贮藏能够有效阻止果实营养成分的流失,最大限度地保持果实的贮藏品质。     

贮藏温度和1-甲基环丙烯对四川青脆李褐变的影响

研究了温度和1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对青脆李果实褐变的影响。0.5、1.0μL/L的1-MCP分别处理青脆李果实后,贮藏在(0±0.5)℃和(10±0.5)℃条件下,分析其贮藏效果。结果表明,低温贮藏对青脆李采后的褐变有明显的抑制作用;1-MCP处理可有效降低果实贮藏期间的呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率(p<0.05),维持较高的多酚类物质含量(p<0.05),抑制多酚氧化酶的活性(p<0.05),减少丙二醛的累积(p<0.05)。采用0.5μL/L的1-MCP处理后于(0±0.5)℃下贮藏,可使青脆李的贮期延长至72d,且褐变指数为7.13,果实品质最好。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.